RESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar las infecciones genitourinarias como factores de riesgo para parto pretérmino en adolescentes. Método: Estudio de casos y controles en las Unidades de Medicina Familiar del IMSS Querétaro, periodo octubre 2010 a octubre 2011. Se incluyeron 35 adolescentes con parto pretérmino y 148 con parto a término, mediante muestreo no aleatorio por cuota; se excluyeron aquellas con preeclampsia, eclampsia u otras enfermedades. Los datos se recolectaron del expediente clínico electrónico. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas; antecedentes gineco-obstétricos; tipo de parto (pretérmino y término); e infecciones urinarias y vaginales. La infección de vías urinarias fue diagnosticada mediante urocultivo y/o examen general de orina, con >105 UFC y >10 leucocitos por campo, respectivamente. La infección vaginal se diagnosticó por exudado vaginal con reporte de patógenos y/o por clínica. El análisis se realizó con porcentajes, promedios, chi2, razón de momios (Odds Ratio), prueba de t e intervalo de confianza. Resultados: De las adolescentes con parto pretérmino el 54,3 por ciento presentaron infección de vías urinarias, mientras que solo 33,8 por ciento de estas presentaron parto a término (p=0,02). El 57,1 por ciento de las adolescentes con parto pretérmino presentaron infección vaginal en comparación con 35,1 por ciento de las de parto a término (p=0,01). Conclusión: Las infecciones vaginales y urinarias incrementan dos veces el riesgo de presentar parto pretérmino en adolescentes.
Objective: To determine genitourinary infections as risk factors for preterm delivery in teenagers. Method: Case-control study in the Family Medicine Unit IMSS Querétaro, from October 2010 to October 2011. We included 35 teenagers with preterm delivery and 148 who delivered at term, using non-random sampling, we excluded those with preeclampsia, eclampsia or other diseases. Data were collected from electronic medical record. We studied socio-demographic variables, gyneco-obstetrics antecedents, mode of delivery (preterm and term), and genitourinary infections. Urinary tract infection was diagnosed by urine culture or urinalysis, with > 105 CFU and >10 leukocytes per field, respectively. Vaginal infection was diagnosed by vaginal culture with report of pathogens and / or by clinic. The analysis was performed using percentages, averages, chi-squared test, odds ratio, t-test and confidence intervals. Results: The 54.3 percentof the teenagers with preterm delivery had urinary tract infection, while only 33.8 percent of those with term delivery presented it (p = 0.02). Also 57.1 percent of adolescents with vaginal infection had preterm delivery compared with 35.1 percent of those giving birth at term (p=0.01). Conclusion: Vaginal and urinary infections increase twice the risk of preterm delivery in teenagers.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Doenças Vaginais/epidemiologia , Doenças Vaginais/microbiologia , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Doenças Vaginais/complicações , Doenças Vaginais/virologia , Escolaridade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , México , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/etiologiaRESUMO
In the present study, the protective effect of 1T1, a lambda-carrageenan extracted from the red seaweed Gigartina skottsbergii was evaluated in a murine model of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) genital infection. Six to eight-week-old female BALB/c mice were intravaginally inoculated with a lethal dose of HSV-2 (MS strain) and pre- or post-infection treated with different doses of a 10mg/ml solution of 1T1. A single topical administration of 1T1 shortly before infection of BALB/c mice with HSV-2 protected 9 out of 10 mice from HSV-2-induced lesions and mortality, compared with only 10% survival in control mice. In addition, 1T1 produced a total blockade in virus shedding in the vaginal secretions. When 1T1 pre-treatment was reinforced with a second dose 2h after infection, total protection was observed even when the prophylactic administration had taken place at 60min before infection. The irreversible virucidal action of 1T1 against herpes virus seems to be responsible of its protective effect against virus replication and mortality following vaginal HSV-2 infection.
Assuntos
Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Carragenina/administração & dosagem , Herpes Genital/prevenção & controle , Doenças Vaginais/prevenção & controle , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Feminino , Herpes Genital/mortalidade , Herpes Genital/fisiopatologia , Herpesvirus Humano 2 , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Vagina/virologia , Doenças Vaginais/mortalidade , Doenças Vaginais/fisiopatologia , Doenças Vaginais/virologia , Células Vero , Eliminação de Partículas ViraisRESUMO
This study presents the chemical composition and antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) of sulfated galactan crude extracts and main fractions obtained from two red seaweeds collected in Brazil, Gymnogongrus griffithsiae and Cryptonemia crenulata. Most of the eighteen tested products, including homogeneous kappa/iota/nu carrageenan and DL-galactan hybrid, exhibited antiherpetic activity with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values in the range 0.5-5.6 microg/ml, as determined in a virus plaque reduction assay in Vero cells. The galactans lacked cytotoxic effects and showed a broad spectrum of antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. No direct virus inactivation was observed after virion treatment with the galactans. The mode of action of these compounds could be mainly ascribed to an inhibitory effect on virus adsorption. Most importantly, a significant protection against a murine vaginal infection with HSV-2 was afforded by topical treatment with the sulfated galactans.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Galactanos/química , Galactanos/farmacologia , Alga Marinha/química , Simplexvirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Chlorocebus aethiops , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Feminino , Galactanos/isolamento & purificação , Herpes Simples/tratamento farmacológico , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Sulfatos , Testes de Toxicidade , Doenças Vaginais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Vaginais/virologia , Células Vero/virologiaAssuntos
Colposcopia , Vagina/patologia , Animais , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Inflamação , Vagina/efeitos dos fármacos , Vagina/virologia , Cremes, Espumas e Géis Vaginais , Doenças Vaginais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Vaginais/patologia , Doenças Vaginais/virologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this paper was to study the pathogenesis of wild-type Herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) primary intravaginal (IVAG) infection in genetically athymic (nude) mice. Nude (nu/nu) N: NIH(S) and Balb/c mice, as well as their euthymic counterparts were IVAG infected with 5 x 10(5) pfu of HSV-2. The progression of the infection was followed by HSV-2 immunolabeling using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in tissue sections of the whole body, electron microscopy, and viremia titration at two different time points. 70% of athymic NIH mice, 30% of euthymic NIH mice, and 80% of both athymic and euthymic Balb/c mice developed acute vulvovaginitis and died between 8-10 days post-infection (pi). Viremia was not detected in either athymic or euthymic mice. HSV-2 replicated in the vulvovaginal, vesical and perianal epithelia, then progressed towards the central nervous system mainly along autonomic nerves and ganglia. HSV-2 antigens were not detected in liver, spleen, kidney, skin, heart, lung or bone marrow. The conclusion is that the T-cell immune response seems to limit the IVAG infection of NIH mice at the inoculation site, but is not involved in preventing HSV-2 dissemination through the blood.
Assuntos
Herpes Genital/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 2/patogenicidade , Doenças Vaginais/virologia , Animais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Herpes Genital/mortalidade , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Microscopia Eletrônica , Doenças Vaginais/mortalidadeRESUMO
The purpose of this paper was to study the pathogenesis of wild-type Herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) primary intravaginal (IVAG) infection in genetically athymic (nude) mice. Nude (nu/nu) N: NIH(S) and Balb/c mice, as well as their euthymic counterparts were IVAG infected with 5 x 10(5) pfu of HSV-2. The progression of the infection was followed by HSV-2 immunolabeling using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in tissue sections of the whole body, electron microscopy, and viremia titration at two different timepoints. 70 per cent of athymic NIH mice, 30 per cent of euthymic NIH mice, and 80 per cent of both athymic and euthymic Balb/c mice developed acute vulvovaginitis and died between 8-10 days post-infection (pi). Viremia was not detected in either athymic or euthymic mice. HSV-2 replicated in the vulvovaginal, vesical and perianal epithelia, then progressed towards the central nervous system mainly along autonomic nerves and ganglia. HSV-2 antigens were not detected in liver, spleen, kidney, skin, heart, lung or bone marrow. The conclusion is that the T-cell immune response seems to limit the IVAG infection of NIH mice at the inoculation site, but is not involved in preventing HSV-2 dissemination through the blood. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Feminino , RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Doenças Vaginais/virologia , Herpes Genital , Herpesvirus Humano 2/patogenicidade , Doenças Vaginais/mortalidade , Herpes Genital/mortalidade , Camundongos Nus , Herpesvirus Humano 2/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 2/ultraestrutura , Microscopia EletrônicaRESUMO
The purpose of this paper was to study the pathogenesis of wild-type Herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) primary intravaginal (IVAG) infection in genetically athymic (nude) mice. Nude (nu/nu) N: NIH(S) and Balb/c mice, as well as their euthymic counterparts were IVAG infected with 5 x 10(5) pfu of HSV-2. The progression of the infection was followed by HSV-2 immunolabeling using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in tissue sections of the whole body, electron microscopy, and viremia titration at two different timepoints. 70 per cent of athymic NIH mice, 30 per cent of euthymic NIH mice, and 80 per cent of both athymic and euthymic Balb/c mice developed acute vulvovaginitis and died between 8-10 days post-infection (pi). Viremia was not detected in either athymic or euthymic mice. HSV-2 replicated in the vulvovaginal, vesical and perianal epithelia, then progressed towards the central nervous system mainly along autonomic nerves and ganglia. HSV-2 antigens were not detected in liver, spleen, kidney, skin, heart, lung or bone marrow. The conclusion is that the T-cell immune response seems to limit the IVAG infection of NIH mice at the inoculation site, but is not involved in preventing HSV-2 dissemination through the blood.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Feminino , Herpes Genital , Herpesvirus Humano 2/patogenicidade , Doenças Vaginais/virologia , Herpes Genital/mortalidade , Herpesvirus Humano 2/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 2/ultraestrutura , Camundongos Nus , Microscopia Eletrônica , Doenças Vaginais/mortalidadeRESUMO
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common infection among women. Natural History of HPV infection has changed as well as diagnosis and treatment. Clinical picture is variable even with spontaneous remission. Molecular Biology for diagnosis and typification of HPV has changed its treatment. The disease can be treated according to clinical experience. Sometimes can not eradicated since just it is impossible make to disappear it from genital tract.