RESUMO
The appearance of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 has recently challenged public health authorities with respect to tracking transmission and mitigating the impact in the evolving pandemic across countries. B.1.525 is considered a variant under investigation since it carries specific genetic signatures present in P.1, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351. Here we report genomic evidence of the first likely imported case of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.525 variant, isolated in a traveler returning from Nigeria.
Assuntos
COVID-19/virologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Genoma Viral/genética , Humanos , Mutação , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Doença Relacionada a ViagensRESUMO
We report an imported case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant P.1 detected in an asymptomatic traveler who arrived in Italy on an indirect flight from Brazil. This case shows the risk for introduction of SARS-CoV-2 variants from indirect flights and the need for continued SARS-CoV-2 surveillance.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas , Programas de Triagem Diagnóstica , SARS-CoV-2 , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/genética , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/virologia , Teste Sorológico para COVID-19/métodos , Portador Sadio/diagnóstico , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Programas de Triagem Diagnóstica/organização & administração , Programas de Triagem Diagnóstica/normas , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Mutação , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Viagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Relacionada a ViagensRESUMO
Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with higher transmission potential have been emerging globally, including SARS-CoV-2 variants from the United Kingdom and South Africa. We report 4 travelers from Brazil to Japan in January 2021 infected with a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant with an additional set of mutations.
Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Número Básico de Reprodução , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/terapia , COVID-19/transmissão , COVID-19/virologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/terapia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Mutação , Quarentena/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Avaliação de Sintomas/métodos , Doença Relacionada a Viagens , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We conducted the genome sequencing and analysis of the first confirmed COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/genética , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/transmissão , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19 , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , SARS-CoV-2Assuntos
Betacoronavirus , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Viagem , Aeroportos , COVID-19 , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Humanos , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , Quarentena/métodos , SARS-CoV-2 , Migrantes , Meios de TransporteRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In March 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) arrived in Bolivia. Here, we report the main clinical findings, and epidemiological features of the first series of cases, and a cluster, confirmed in Bolivia. METHODS: For this observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study, information was obtained from the Hospitals and the Ministry of Health for the cases that were laboratory-diagnosed and related, during March 2020. rRT-PCR was used for the detection of the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 following the protocol Charité, Berlin, Germany, from nasopharyngeal swabs. RESULTS: Among 152 suspected cases investigated, 12 (7.9%) were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infected by rRT-PCR. The median age was 39 years (IQR 25-43), six of them male. Two cases proceed from Italy and three from Spain. Nine patients presented fever, and cough, five sore throat, and myalgia, among other symptoms. Only a 60 y-old woman with hypertension was hospitalized. None of the patients required ICU nor fatalities occurred in this group. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of surveillance of COVID-19 in Bolivia, with patients managed mainly with home isolation. Preparedness for a significant epidemic, as is going on in other countries, and the deployment of response plans for it, in the country is now taking place to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/genética , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/fisiopatologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Bolívia/epidemiologia , COVID-19 , Análise por Conglomerados , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Tosse , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Febre , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Isolamento de Pacientes/métodos , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne infection that co-circulates with Chikungunya and Zika virus infection in many parts of the world. Dengue virus (DENV) is occasionally responsible for acute hepatitis and a few cases of acute hepatitis due to co-infection with DENV and hepatitis E virus have been described in India. A 37-year-old Cuban woman living in Italy was admitted to our hospital with a presumed arboviral infection upon her return to Italy short after a 15-day trip to her home-country to visit relatives. An acute infection due to DENV serotype 1 was initially diagnosed, following a clinical course characterized by signs of liver dysfunction that were possibly due to co-infection with hepatitis E virus.
Assuntos
Coinfecção , Dengue/complicações , Hepatite E/complicações , Doença Relacionada a Viagens , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Vírus Chikungunya/imunologia , Coinfecção/diagnóstico , Coinfecção/virologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/complicações , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/imunologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Reações Cruzadas , Cuba/etnologia , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/virologia , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Feminino , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Hepatite E/virologia , Humanos , Itália , Zika virus/imunologiaRESUMO
Variations in the open reading frame (ORF) K1 gene sequence of human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has led to the identification of 6 major genotypic clades (A, B, C, D, E, and F) in specimens isolated from around the world. These clades exhibit clear clustering among individuals in different ethnic groups and from different geographic regions. The human population of Brazil varies greatly in ethnicity because of multiple immigration events from Africa, Europe, Asia, and indigenous communities. However, there is scant information about the HHV-8 genotypes currently circulating in Brazil. Here, we describe HHV-8 genotypic diversity in isolates from Brazilian HIV-infected patients living with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) by analysis of the complete ORF-K1 region. We also identified the most likely geographic origins of these different Brazilian genotypes. We extracted HHV-8 DNA (24 positive samples) from individuals with HIV/KS from the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, amplified the ORF-K1 gene using nested PCR (about 870 base pairs), performed sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, and then calculated the mean genetic distances of Brazilian sequences from sequences in other regions of the world (523 sequences analyzed). Phylogenetic analysis showed that genotypes C, A, and B were present in 45.8 %, 29.2 % and 25 % of the isolates from Brazil, respectively. These isolates grouped into separate clades, rather than a single monophyletic cluster. Mean genetic distance analyses suggested that these genotypes were introduced into the Brazil multiple times from different geographical regions. HHV-8/A isolates appear to be from Ukraine, Russia, and the Tartar ethnic group; HHV-8/B isolates appear to be from Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo; and HHV-8/C isolates appear to be from Australia, Algeria, England, and French Guiana. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and origins of HHV-8 strains circulating in Brazil, and will provide a foundation for further epidemiological and evolutionary studies of HHV-8.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Genótipo , Herpesvirus Humano 8/classificação , Herpesvirus Humano 8/genética , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Feminino , Geografia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Saliva/virologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/virologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The international spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) began in Brazil in 2015. To estimate the riskof observing imported ZIKV cases, we calculated effective distance, typically an excellent predictorof arrival time, from airline network data. However, we eventually concluded that, for ZIKV, effectivedistance alone is not an adequate predictor of arrival time, which we partly attributed to the difficultyof diagnosing and ascertaining ZIKV infections. Herein, we explored the mechanisms behind theobserved time delay of ZIKV importation by country, statistically decomposing the delay into twoparts: the actual time to importation from Brazil and the reporting delay. The latter was modeled as afunction of the gross domestic product (GDP) and other variables that influence underlying diagnosticcapacity in a given country. We showed that a high GDP per capita is a good predictor of shortreporting delay. ZIKV infection is generally mild and, without substantial laboratory capacity, casescan be underestimated. This study successfully demonstrates this phenomenon and emphasizes theimportance of accounting for reporting delays as part of the data generating process for estimatingtime to importation.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissão , Brasil/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/transmissão , Epidemias , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Modelos Teóricos , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Viagem , Zika virusAssuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/diagnóstico , Epidemias , Ambulatório Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , Viagem , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Cuba/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Here we reported the outbreak of measles cases caused by the genotype D8 measles virus for the first time in Jiangsu province in China, which was possibly imported by a foreign student from Laos. Throat swab specimens were collected, and used to isolate virus. 634-bp fragment of the N gene and 1854-bp fragment of H gene were amplified by reverse transcription-PCR and sequenced, respectively. Phylogenetic results indicated that they belonged to genotype D8 measles virus. Further epidemiology investigation showed that the adults with D8 measles virus infection did not receive measles vaccine before having measles. In China, almost all D8 genotype MeV only infected those population without receiving measles vaccine immunization. Therefore, it is still necessary to implement the supplement activity of measles immunization target adult with immunity gap.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Vírus do Sarampo/genética , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/virologia , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Vírus do Sarampo/isolamento & purificação , FilogeniaRESUMO
Madariaga virus (MADV), also known as South American eastern equine encephalitis virus, has been identified in animals and humans in South and Central America, but not previously in Hispaniola or the northern Caribbean. MADV was isolated from virus cultures of plasma from an 8-year-old child in a school cohort in the Gressier/Leogane region of Haiti, who was seen in April, 2015, with acute febrile illness (AFI). The virus was subsequently cultured from an additional seven AFI case patients from this same cohort in February, April, and May 2016. Symptoms most closely resembled those seen with confirmed dengue virus infection. Sequence data were available for four isolates: all were within the same clade, with phylogenetic and molecular clock data suggesting recent introduction of the virus into Haiti from Panama sometime in the period from October 2012-January 2015. Our data document the movement of MADV into Haiti, and raise questions about the potential for further spread in the Caribbean or North America.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/transmissão , Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Leste/isolamento & purificação , Encefalomielite Equina do Leste/epidemiologia , Encefalomielite Equina do Leste/transmissão , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Culex/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Leste/classificação , Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Leste/genética , Encefalomielite Equina do Leste/virologia , Feminino , Haiti/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Filogenia , RNA Viral/sangue , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
ABSTRACT Here we reported the outbreak of measles cases caused by the genotype D8 measles virus for the first time in Jiangsu province in China, which was possibly imported by a foreign student from Laos. Throat swab specimens were collected, and used to isolate virus. 634-bp fragment of the N gene and 1854-bp fragment of H gene were amplified by reverse transcription-PCR and sequenced, respectively. Phylogenetic results indicated that they belonged to genotype D8 measles virus. Further epidemiology investigation showed that the adults with D8 measles virus infection did not receive measles vaccine before having measles. In China, almost all D8 genotype MeV only infected those population without receiving measles vaccine immunization. Therefore, it is still necessary to implement the supplement activity of measles immunization target adult with immunity gap.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Surtos de Doenças , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/virologia , Vírus do Sarampo/genética , Filogenia , China/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Vírus do Sarampo/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Two travellers returning from South America were diagnosed with Andes hantavirus infection, the only member of the Hantaviridae family known to be transmitted from person to person. We describe the clinical course and therapeutic and infection control measures. While both patients showed high viral load (VL) and shedding over several months, 1 patient recovered within 1 week from severe respiratory illness that required noninvasive ventilation, whereas the second patient developed severe hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome that required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 27 days. The clinical course in the latter patient was complicated by severe disseminated intravascular coagulopathy with diffuse hemorrhage that necessitated mass transfusions, as well as by multiple organ failure, including the need for renal replacement therapy. Results of VL in blood, respiratory secretions, and semen for the first 9 months of follow-up are reported. To our knowledge, these are the first cases of Andes hantavirus infection detected in Europe.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Doença Relacionada a Viagens , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , América do Sul , Suíça , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagem , Tórax/virologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Carga ViralRESUMO
The dengue virus (DENV), of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), has four antigenically distinct serotypes, of which DENV-3 is classified into five genotypes. Here, we describe the detection of DENV-3 genotype I in sera of a Brazilian patient travelling from Singapore to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by using multiplex real-time RT-PCR, DNA sequencing of the whole envelope protein gene, and phylogenetic analysis. The virus shares ancestry with those identified in Bali, Indonesia, in 2015. It is possible that arboviruses such as Chikungunya ECSA genotype, DENV-4 genotype I, and Zika were introduced in Brazil from other continents during the multiple international events hosted by the country over the last four years, including World Youth Day, the Soccer World Cup, and the Summer Olympics.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Dengue/virologia , Genótipo , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia , Zika virus/genética , Brasil , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Variação Genética , Humanos , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , SorogrupoRESUMO
The dengue virus (DENV), of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), has four antigenically distinct serotypes, of which DENV-3 is classified into five genotypes. Here, we describe the detection of DENV-3 genotype I in sera of a Brazilian patient travelling from Singapore to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by using multiplex real-time RT-PCR, DNA sequencing of the whole envelope protein gene, and phylogenetic analysis. The virus shares ancestry with those identified in Bali, Indonesia, in 2015. It is possible that arboviruses such as Chikungunya ECSA genotype, DENV-4 genotype I, and Zika were introduced in Brazil from other continents during the multiple international events hosted by the country over the last four years, including World Youth Day, the Soccer World Cup, and the Summer Olympics.
Assuntos
Humanos , Dengue/virologia , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Zika virus/genética , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Genótipo , Filogenia , Variação Genética , Brasil , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , SorogrupoRESUMO
While the rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) in South America has been declared a public health emergency few data are available on the kinetics of the virus load and the specific antibodies in individual patients. This report describes the kinetics of ZIKV decay in the body compartments and the kinetics of anti ZIKV IgG and IgM of two people returning from Martinique, French West Indies. ZIKV remained detectable in the plasma for roughly 2 weeks indicating that mosquito control measures should be prolonged accordingly. Remarkably, their urine samples consistently tested positive for even longer. The antibodies responses were different between the two patients but for both the rapid onset of IgM allowed a diagnosis from the end of the first week.