RESUMO
The reproductive features of equine leptospirosis are often neglected. Equine genital leptospirosis is characterized as a silent chronic syndrome, and besides abortions, leads to placental abnormalities, stillbirths, and birth of weak foals. This study aimed to study the occurrence of placental abnormalities associated with Leptospira interrogans infection in naturally infected mares under field conditions. The studied herd had a high occurrence of placentitis and abortions. Ten pregnant mares, eight with placental abnormalities on ultrasonography and were selected. Serum and cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) samples were collected for serology and PCR, respectively. Positive samples in lipL32-PCR were submitted to the sequencing of the secY gene. In lipL32-PCR of CVM, five out of 10 (50%) mares were positive and all were characterized as Leptospira interrogans. Our results highlight the presence of placental abnormalities in the reproductive subclinical leptospirosis syndrome. We encourage field veterinarians to include leptospirosis testing in their reproductive management.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Leptospira interrogans , Leptospirose , Doenças Placentárias , Placenta , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Animais , Cavalos , Leptospirose/veterinária , Leptospirose/microbiologia , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/complicações , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Gravidez , Feminino , Leptospira interrogans/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/veterinária , Doenças Placentárias/patologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Placenta/microbiologia , Placenta/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are few publications on occurrence of nonthyroidal illness syndrome in foals and on the prognostic value of cortisol and thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations in newborn foals. OBJECTIVES: To determine serum cortisol and TH concentrations (total and free thyroxine: T4 and F T4 ; total and free triiodothyronine: T3 and F T3 ) in foals born from mares with placentitis, to determine their association with survival, and their use as prognostic markers. ANIMALS: A cohort of 29 newborn foals comprising 5 Control, 14 Low-risk, and 10 Sick foals were evaluated over the first week of life. METHODS: In this prospective study foals born to mares with experimentally-induced placentitis were assigned to Low-risk or Sick groups while foals born to control mares were classified as Control based on clinical findings. Foals were also classified as Term (n = 13), Dysmature (n = 7), or Premature (n = 9), and survival rate was recorded. Serum cortisol and TH hormone concentrations were measured at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 168 hours of life. RESULTS: Sick non-surviving foals had lower (P < .05) T3 : cortisol ratio at 12 (3.68 ± 1.06 versus 18.58 ± 2.78), 24 (5.47 ± 2.34 versus 23.40 ± 3.82), and 48 (10.47 ± 6.29 versus 26.6 ± 2.90) hours of life when compared to Sick surviving foals and lower (P < .05) T4 : cortisol ratio at 12 (75.12 ± 21.71 versus 414.47 ± 58.47) and 24 hours (127.83 ± 55.21 versus 430.87 ± 80.31) after birth than Sick surviving foals. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Placental infections can impair fetal thyroid function. Low T3 : cortisol and T4 : cortisol ratios seem to be good prognostic markers in newborn foals.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos , Doenças dos Cavalos/fisiopatologia , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Doenças Placentárias/veterinária , Hormônios Tireóideos/sangue , Animais , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/sangue , Doenças dos Cavalos/mortalidade , Cavalos , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções Estreptocócicas/veterinária , Streptococcus equi , Tiroxina/sangue , Tri-Iodotironina/sangueRESUMO
Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis with a chronic or subacute progression caused by the inhalation of dehydrated yeasts or basidiospores. The causative agents are C. gattii and C. neoformans. The latter is more commonly associated with cellular immunodeficiency and is not rare in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Cryptococcosis is common in pregnant women with AIDS; however, it is uncommon for the placenta to be affected, with few reported cases in the literature. We present the case of a pregnant woman with AIDS who had placental and pulmonary cryptococcosis associated with fungemia, with a satisfactory clinical outcome obtained after therapy.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/microbiologia , Criptococose/microbiologia , Fungemia/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Sepse Neonatal/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Placentárias/patologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate steroid hormones in foals born from mares treated for ascending placentitis with different combinations of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS), flunixin meglumine (FM), long-acting altrenogest (ALT) and estradiol cypionate (ECP) for ten consecutive days, starting two days after experimental induction of placentitis with Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Fourty-six pregnant mares and respective foals were assigned as healthy group (Control, n = 8) or treated groups as follows: TMS+FM (n = 8), TMS+FM+ALT (n = 8), TMS+FM+ALT+ECP (n = 6), TMS+FM+ECP (n = 6) and no treatment (NO TREAT n = 10). At delivery, foals were classified as high-risk or low-risk based on clinical and hematologic findings, and survival rates were recorded during the first week of life for comparisons across groups. Cortisol, progesterone, 17αOHprogesterone, and pregnenolone concentrations were determined via immunoassays in 31 of the 46 foals immediately after foaling (0 h), at 12, 24, 48 h, and seven days post-partum (168h). At birth, serum cortisol concentrations were higher in Control and TMS+FM+ECP foals than in remaining groups (p < 0.05). Foals in TMS+FM+ALT and TMS+FM groups had higher 17αOHprogesterone concentrations at 24 h and 48 h, respectively (p < 0.05). Pregnenolone concentrations were higher in TMS+FM than TMS+FM+ALT+ECP foals at 7 days (p < 0.05). High-risk and non-surviving foals had decreased concentrations of cortisol at parturition, but increased concentrations of progesterone from 0 h to 48 h. Pregnenolone and 17αOHprogesterone concentrations were increased and pregnenolone after 12 h in high-risk and non-surviving foals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, adding ECP to the treatment of experimentally-induced placentitis appears to improve foal viability and endocrine response. Cortisol and progestogen profiles were abnormal in high-risk and non-surviving foals, and those treated with ALT or TMS+FM only.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Doenças Placentárias/veterinária , Pregnenolona/sangue , Progesterona/sangue , Infecções Estreptocócicas/veterinária , 17-alfa-Hidroxiprogesterona/sangue , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Clonixina/administração & dosagem , Clonixina/análogos & derivados , Clonixina/uso terapêutico , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/administração & dosagem , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/uso terapêutico , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Estradiol/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Cavalos , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Gravidez , Progestinas/administração & dosagem , Progestinas/uso terapêutico , Distribuição Aleatória , Streptococcus equi , Acetato de Trembolona/administração & dosagem , Acetato de Trembolona/análogos & derivados , Acetato de Trembolona/uso terapêutico , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/administração & dosagem , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Ovine brucellosis by Brucella ovis is a highly prevalent disease in Argentina. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of B. ovis and the serological response in ewes during late pregnancy and in their offspring. Six adult ewes were distributed in two groupsG1 (pregnant females, n = 4) and G2 (nonpregnant females, n = 2). Three pregnant ewes at 15 days prepartum and one nonpregnant eve were inoculated with B. ovis. Sera of sheep and their offspring were analyzed by different serological tests. Samples of cervicovaginal mucus, placenta and milk were studied by bacteriology. A Brucella genus-specific PCR assay was carried out in placenta and milk samples. Placenta samples were hystopathologically processed. g1 females gave birth to live lambs, but one died hours postpartum. Serological techniques employed detected antibodies in serum of inoculated pregnant animal 5 days postchallenge. sera of female controls G1 and G2 remained negative throughout the study. Cervicovaginal mucus of infected ewes in G1 and G2 yielded negative results to bacteriology, but B. ovis was isolated from milk. The PCR assay was positive for the placenta and milk from inoculated pregnant ewes. Histopathology revealed necrotic suppurative placentitis in one placenta. However, although results demonstrated that B. ovis can invade the placenta and mammary gland, this bacterium did not cause abortion when it was inoculated intravenously at 15 days prepartum. B. ovis infection induced an early humoral response in pregnant ewes, but their lambs remained seronegative, indicating that there was no transfer of antibodies in infancy. Placenta colonization and milk excretion of B. ovis involves a potential source of infection for lambs, which could play a role as latent carriers of infection.
Assuntos
Brucella ovis/patogenicidade , Brucelose/veterinária , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Aborto Animal , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Brucella ovis/imunologia , Brucelose/complicações , Brucelose/imunologia , Brucelose/microbiologia , Brucelose/transmissão , Muco do Colo Uterino/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Feminino , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/veterinária , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/microbiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Placenta/microbiologia , Placenta/patologia , Doenças Placentárias/imunologia , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Ovinos/imunologia , Ovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/transmissãoRESUMO
La brucelosis ovina por Brucella ovis es una enfermedad de prevalencia alta en Argentina. Para evaluar la patogenicidad de B. ovis y la respuesta serológica durante el último mes de gestación, 6 ovejas se distribuyeron en dos grupos: G1, ovejas preñadas, n = 4 y G2, ovejas no preñadas, n = 2. Tres ovejas del G1 (15 días preparto) y una del G2 fueron inoculadas con B. ovis. Se analizaron muestras de suero mediante diferentes pruebas serológicas. Se realizó aislamiento y PCR a partir de mucus cérvico-vaginal (mcv), placenta y leche. En las muestras de placenta se realizó histopatología. Las hembras del G1 parieron corderos vivos; se detectaron anticuerpos en las ovejas desafiadas del G1 a partir de los 5 días posinoculación. El mcv de las ovejas desafiadas resultó negativo al aislamiento en ambos grupos. Las muestras de leche del G1 fueron positivas por cultivo y PCR a B. ovis. La técnica de PCR resultó positiva en las placentas de las ovejas desafiadas del G1. La histopatología reveló una placentitis necrótica supurativa en una de las ovejas desafiadas. El desafío con B. ovis preparto resultó en la invasión de la placenta y de la glándula mamaria, con la consecuente excreción de la bacteria por leche. La infección con B. ovis indujo una respuesta humoral temprana en las ovejas. La colonización de la placenta por B. ovis y la excreción de la bacteria por la leche sugieren un potencial riesgo de infección activa para los corderos y la posibilidad de que estos se comporten como portadores latentes de la infección.
Ovine brucellosis by Brucella ovis is a highly prevalent disease in Argentina. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of B. ovis and the serological response in ewes during late pregnancy and in their offspring. Six adult ewes were distributed in two groupsGI (pregnant females, n = 4) and G2 (nonpregnant females, n = 2). Three pregnant ewes at 15 days prepartum and one nonpregnant eve were inoculated with B. ovis. Sera of sheep and their offspring were analyzed by different serological tests. Samples of cervicovaginal mucus, placenta and milk were studied by bacteriology. A Brucella genus-specific PCR assay was carried out in placenta and milk samples. Placenta samples were hystopathologically processed. G1 females gave birth to live lambs, but one died hours postpartum. Serological techniques employed detected antibodies in serum of inoculated pregnant animal 5 days postchallenge. Sera of female controls G1 and G2 remained negative throughout the study. Cervicovaginal mucus of infected ewes in G1 and G2 yielded negative results to bacteriology, but B. ovis was isolated from milk. The PCR assay was positive for the placenta and milk from inoculated pregnant ewes. Histopathology revealed necrotic suppurative placentitis in one placenta. However, although results demonstrated that B. ovis can invade the placenta and mammary gland, this bacterium did not cause abortion when it was inoculated intravenously at 15 days prepartum. B. ovis infection induced an early humoral response in pregnant ewes, but their lambs remained seronegative, indicating that there was no transfer of antibodies in infancy. Placenta colonization and milk excretion of B. ovis involves a potential source of infection for lambs, which could play a role as latent carriers of infection.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Brucella ovis/patogenicidade , Brucelose/veterinária , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Aborto Animal , Animais Recém-Nascidos/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Brucella ovis/imunologia , Brucelose/complicações , Brucelose/imunologia , Brucelose/microbiologia , Brucelose/transmissão , Muco do Colo Uterino/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/veterinária , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/microbiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Doenças Placentárias/imunologia , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/veterinária , Placenta/microbiologia , Placenta/patologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/transmissão , Ovinos/imunologia , Ovinos/microbiologiaRESUMO
La brucelosis ovina por Brucella ovis es una enfermedad de prevalencia alta en Argentina. Para evaluar la patogenicidad de B. ovis y la respuesta serológica durante el último mes de gestación, 6 ovejas se distribuyeron en dos grupos: G1, ovejas preñadas, n = 4 y G2, ovejas no preñadas, n = 2. Tres ovejas del G1 (15 días preparto) y una del G2 fueron inoculadas con B. ovis. Se analizaron muestras de suero mediante diferentes pruebas serológicas. Se realizó aislamiento y PCR a partir de mucus cérvico-vaginal (mcv), placenta y leche. En las muestras de placenta se realizó histopatología. Las hembras del G1 parieron corderos vivos; se detectaron anticuerpos en las ovejas desafiadas del G1 a partir de los 5 días posinoculación. El mcv de las ovejas desafiadas resultó negativo al aislamiento en ambos grupos. Las muestras de leche del G1 fueron positivas por cultivo y PCR a B. ovis. La técnica de PCR resultó positiva en las placentas de las ovejas desafiadas del G1. La histopatología reveló una placentitis necrótica supurativa en una de las ovejas desafiadas. El desafío con B. ovis preparto resultó en la invasión de la placenta y de la glándula mamaria, con la consecuente excreción de la bacteria por leche. La infección con B. ovis indujo una respuesta humoral temprana en las ovejas. La colonización de la placenta por B. ovis y la excreción de la bacteria por la leche sugieren un potencial riesgo de infección activa para los corderos y la posibilidad de que estos se comporten como portadores latentes de la infección.(AU)
Ovine brucellosis by Brucella ovis is a highly prevalent disease in Argentina. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of B. ovis and the serological response in ewes during late pregnancy and in their offspring. Six adult ewes were distributed in two groupsGI (pregnant females, n = 4) and G2 (nonpregnant females, n = 2). Three pregnant ewes at 15 days prepartum and one nonpregnant eve were inoculated with B. ovis. Sera of sheep and their offspring were analyzed by different serological tests. Samples of cervicovaginal mucus, placenta and milk were studied by bacteriology. A Brucella genus-specific PCR assay was carried out in placenta and milk samples. Placenta samples were hystopathologically processed. G1 females gave birth to live lambs, but one died hours postpartum. Serological techniques employed detected antibodies in serum of inoculated pregnant animal 5 days postchallenge. Sera of female controls G1 and G2 remained negative throughout the study. Cervicovaginal mucus of infected ewes in G1 and G2 yielded negative results to bacteriology, but B. ovis was isolated from milk. The PCR assay was positive for the placenta and milk from inoculated pregnant ewes. Histopathology revealed necrotic suppurative placentitis in one placenta. However, although results demonstrated that B. ovis can invade the placenta and mammary gland, this bacterium did not cause abortion when it was inoculated intravenously at 15 days prepartum. B. ovis infection induced an early humoral response in pregnant ewes, but their lambs remained seronegative, indicating that there was no transfer of antibodies in infancy. Placenta colonization and milk excretion of B. ovis involves a potential source of infection for lambs, which could play a role as latent carriers of infection.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Brucella ovis/patogenicidade , Brucelose/veterinária , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Aborto Animal , Animais Recém-Nascidos/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Brucella ovis/imunologia , Brucelose/complicações , Brucelose/imunologia , Brucelose/microbiologia , Brucelose/transmissão , Muco do Colo Uterino/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/veterinária , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/microbiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Placenta/microbiologia , Placenta/patologia , Doenças Placentárias/imunologia , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Ovinos/imunologia , Ovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/transmissãoRESUMO
Ovine brucellosis by Brucella ovis is a highly prevalent disease in Argentina. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of B. ovis and the serological response in ewes during late pregnancy and in their offspring. Six adult ewes were distributed in two groupsG1 (pregnant females, n = 4) and G2 (nonpregnant females, n = 2). Three pregnant ewes at 15 days prepartum and one nonpregnant eve were inoculated with B. ovis. Sera of sheep and their offspring were analyzed by different serological tests. Samples of cervicovaginal mucus, placenta and milk were studied by bacteriology. A Brucella genus-specific PCR assay was carried out in placenta and milk samples. Placenta samples were hystopathologically processed. g1 females gave birth to live lambs, but one died hours postpartum. Serological techniques employed detected antibodies in serum of inoculated pregnant animal 5 days postchallenge. sera of female controls G1 and G2 remained negative throughout the study. Cervicovaginal mucus of infected ewes in G1 and G2 yielded negative results to bacteriology, but B. ovis was isolated from milk. The PCR assay was positive for the placenta and milk from inoculated pregnant ewes. Histopathology revealed necrotic suppurative placentitis in one placenta. However, although results demonstrated that B. ovis can invade the placenta and mammary gland, this bacterium did not cause abortion when it was inoculated intravenously at 15 days prepartum. B. ovis infection induced an early humoral response in pregnant ewes, but their lambs remained seronegative, indicating that there was no transfer of antibodies in infancy. Placenta colonization and milk excretion of B. ovis involves a potential source of infection for lambs, which could play a role as latent carriers of infection.
Assuntos
Brucella ovis/patogenicidade , Brucelose/veterinária , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Aborto Animal , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Brucella ovis/imunologia , Brucelose/complicações , Brucelose/imunologia , Brucelose/microbiologia , Brucelose/transmissão , Muco do Colo Uterino/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Feminino , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/veterinária , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/microbiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Placenta/microbiologia , Placenta/patologia , Doenças Placentárias/imunologia , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Ovinos/imunologia , Ovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/transmissãoRESUMO
The NRAMP1 gene encodes a divalent cation transporter, located in the phagolysosomal membrane of macrophages, that has been associated with resistance to intracellular pathogens. In cattle, natural resistance against brucellosis has been associated with polymorphisms at the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the NRAMP1 gene, which are detectable by single-strand conformational analysis (SSCA). This study aimed to evaluate the association between NRAMP1 3'UTR polymorphisms and resistance against bovine brucellosis in experimental and natural infections. In experimentally infected pregnant cows, abortion occurred in 42.1% of cows with a resistant genotype (SSCA(r); n = 19) and in 43.1% of those with a susceptible genotype (SSCA(s); n = 23). Furthermore, no association between intensity of pathological changes and genotype was detected. In a farm with a very high prevalence of bovine brucellosis, the percentages of strains of the SSCA(r) genotype were 86 and 84% in serologically positive (n = 64) and negative (n = 36) cows, respectively. Therefore, no association was found between the NRAMP1-resistant allele and the resistant phenotype in either experimental or naturally occurring brucellosis. To further support these results, bacterial intracellular survival was assessed in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages from cattle with either the resistant or susceptible genotype. In agreement with our previous results, no difference was observed in the rates of intracellular survival of B. abortus within macrophages from cattle with susceptible or resistant genotypes. Taken together, these results indicate that these polymorphisms at the NRAMP1 3'UTR do not affect resistance against B. abortus in cattle and that they are therefore not suitable markers of natural resistance against bovine brucellosis.
Assuntos
Regiões 3' não Traduzidas/genética , Brucella abortus/classificação , Brucella abortus/patogenicidade , Brucelose Bovina/imunologia , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Aborto Animal/genética , Aborto Animal/imunologia , Aborto Animal/microbiologia , Animais , Brucella abortus/genética , Brucelose Bovina/genética , Brucelose Bovina/microbiologia , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Masculino , Doenças Placentárias/genética , Doenças Placentárias/imunologia , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/veterinária , Polimorfismo Conformacional de Fita Simples , GravidezRESUMO
Aplicar la técnica de microscopía electrónica de barrido, a la superficie intervellosa de la placa basal de la placenta de 38 semanas, obtenida por cesárea, en paciente de 24 años, aparentemente normal. Especímenes de placa basal fueron obtenidos inmediatamente después del parto, lavados en buffer fosfato a pH 7,3 y fijados por inmersión en glutaraldehido al 2 por ciento, en el mismo buffer, para ser procesados con las técnicas convencionales de microscopía electrónica de barrido. Laboratorio de microscopía electrónica de barrido, CIADANA, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Maracay, Estado Aragua. Se observó una superficie relativamente lisa en algunas regiones y con numerosos pliegues del sincitio en otras, sobre la cual se destacan eritrocitos, células de la placa basal y el aspecto morfológico de la interacción de la vellosidad de anclaje. Esta nueva visión tridimensional exhibe la superficie intervellosa trofoblástica y su interacción con la vellosidad de anclaje, de interés para el entendimiento del desprendimiento placentario
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Placenta/microbiologia , Ginecologia , Obstetrícia , VenezuelaRESUMO
Introducción. La ultrasonografía es un método de examen que puede ser empleado para el diagnóstico de diversos procesos patológicos que ocurren en el útero de animales gestantes, incluso antes de que se observen signos clínicos de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la utilización del ultrasonido para diagnosticar procesos patológicos que ocurren en el útero de borregas gestantes infectadas con Chlamydia psittaci para evaluar el desarrollo placentario. Material y métodos. Se inocularon cinco animales en el día 80 de gestación con 1x10 ala 7 unidades de inclusión de una cepa abortiva de C. psittaci. Cinco borregas no fueron inoculados y permanecieron como controles. Una vez a la semana se realizó un examen ultrasonográfico a todas las borregas para evaluar el desarrollo placentario y parto normal. Las placentas se encontraron sin lesiones macroscópicas aparentes. En tres borregas inoculadas se observaron al ultrasonido lesiones placentarias entre los 13 y 23 días posinoculación. Una abortó y dos tuvieron cría débiles; todas sus placentas mostraron necrosis y engrosamiento típicos de la infección con C. psittaci. Se aisló en la placenta C. psittaci en cuatro de cinco borregas inoculadas fueron ocasionadas por la infección de C. psittaci. Estas lesiones típicas observadas en las placentas después del parto y el aborto fueron visualizadas por ultrasonografía por ser de alta ecogenicidad, lo que avala la utilidad de ese método diagnóstico en esta condición patológica
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Infecções por Chlamydia , Infecções por Chlamydia/patologia , Chlamydophila psittaci/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Placentárias , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/patologia , Prenhez , Ovinos , Ultrassonografia Pré-NatalRESUMO
A villitis is a focal or multifocal inflammatory reaction of chorionic villi with infiltration of mononuclear cells and usually is associated with fibrinoid necrosis. The aetiology of villitis could be a transplacental infection of the fetus, especially with virus (VIV), in normal placentae however, the presence of villitis is referred as villitis of unknown ethiology (VED). This study was designed to characterize villitis lesions of 11 placentae, four VIV and seven VED, ultrastructural descriptive comparisons of both types of villitis are discussed. Biopsies were processed with the conventional optic and electronic microscopy techniques. Our ultrastructural observations confirmed the presence of virus in four placentae whereas no virus or bacteria were found in seven placentae. Microvilli were absent or markedly diminished, this finding was associated to the presence of fibrinoid necrosis in the stroma and clinically to intrauterine growth retardation, 4 preterm pregnancies and one obitus. Trophoblast alterations were found in both types of villitis, basal membrane thickness, is some cases associated to electrodense material similar to calcium deposites, vascuolization and the presence of edema in the stroma was observed. In some cases we noted the presence of focal fibrin deposits associated to necrosis zones in the stroma, calcium precipitates and mielinic bodies. Fetal vessels obliteration and intravascular thrombi were found in the syncitiotrophoblast placentae with viral particles CMV or rubivirus associated to an increment in Hofbauer cells and basal membrane calcifications. From our ultrastructural observations, we conclude that both types of villitis are associated to a typic immunologic reaction that induce lose of trophoblast microvilli, mononuclear infiltration and edema. This placental alterations reduce dramatically the maternofetal exchange of gases, nutrients and other active peptides and could be the cause of fetal growth retardation, inmadurity or death.
Assuntos
Vilosidades Coriônicas/ultraestrutura , Doenças Placentárias/patologia , Placenta/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Técnicas In Vitro , Microscopia Eletrônica , Doenças Placentárias/imunologia , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/virologia , Gravidez , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Bovine brucellosis is a major disease of cattle characterized by abortion during the last trimester of gestation. During many years important pieces of research have been done looking for a better understanding of this particular phenomenon. Yet, the fact that the abortion takes place in the last period of gestation result in a fascinating interrogant for such a unique event. The present review includes most of the information available regarding to this matter. Emphasis is done in the interaction of Brucella abortus with the trophoblastic cells of the bovine placenta.
Assuntos
Aborto Animal/etiologia , Brucelose Bovina/complicações , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Trofoblastos/microbiologia , Animais , Brucella abortus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brucella abortus/isolamento & purificação , Brucella abortus/metabolismo , Brucelose/microbiologia , Brucelose/veterinária , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Galinha/microbiologia , Eritritol/metabolismo , Membranas Extraembrionárias/microbiologia , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/microbiologia , Doenças Fetais/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Cabras , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/veterinária , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Trofoblastos/química , Células Vero/microbiologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to identify the possible effect of enteroviruses on placental tissue. Seventy-eight pregnant women were studied throughout their pregnancy: enteroviral infection was detected by faecal viral isolation and seric neutralization of previously identified virus in cell culture. In 19 cases of confirmed maternal infection, placentae were examined grossly, by optical microscopy, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. Ten term placentae from women included in the study, with no clinical, serological or virological evidence of enteroviral infection, were used as control, and examined by gross and optical microscopy. In 17 specimens (echovirus-coxsackievirus) an haematogenous placentitis was suspected on the basis of gross observation. Microscopic lesions were similar to those found in other viral infections, with specific features. The nature of the inflammatory reaction pointed to the presence of an acute type of haematogenous placentitis, not present in placentae of the control group. The authors (AA) comment on the results and present the hypotheses about the available data: (1) maternal enteroviremia and faecal virus shedding without placental invasion, placentary damage being an unspecific consequence of infection; (2) direct virus-induced injury is not the only possible cause for the lesions: (3) placental enteroviral infection occurred with placental pathology but the virus did not cross the organ as the newborn had no signs of infection.
Assuntos
Infecções por Enterovirus/complicações , Doenças Placentárias/complicações , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Infecções por Coxsackievirus/complicações , Infecções por Coxsackievirus/microbiologia , Infecções por Coxsackievirus/patologia , Infecções por Echovirus/complicações , Infecções por Echovirus/microbiologia , Infecções por Echovirus/patologia , Infecções por Enterovirus/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterovirus/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/patologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologiaAssuntos
Aborto Animal/etiologia , Coxiella/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Placentárias/veterinária , Febre Q/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/etiologia , Aborto Animal/microbiologia , Animais , Chlamydia/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Fiji , Placenta/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/etiologia , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Gravidez , Febre Q/microbiologia , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this review is to call attention on the participation of the placenta in intrauterine infections. The importance of a prompt recognition of the latter and the value of the placental examination to the understanding of such problems affecting the fetus and the newborn are emphasized.