RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hearing of adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1(DM1) by otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), and by comparing different tests with pure-tone audiometry to identify potential early cochlear impairments. DESIGN: Pure-tone audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were performed in a group of adolescents with and without DM1. Clinical characteristics, disease duration, and glycated haemoglobin levels were studied. STUDY SAMPLE: Participants were 40 adolescents with DM1 and 40 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Sensorineural hearing loss, affecting frequencies of 6000 and 8000 Hz, was found only in DM1 subjects when compared to the controls (7.7% vs. 0%, p < 0.05). A higher prevalence of cochlear damage was detected by DPOAE responses, 32% belonging from the diabetic group, vs. 3.7% in the control group. Absent TEOAE responses were observed in only three individuals, all from the diabetic group (5.1% of the tests performed in the diabetic group). Additionally, hearing thresholds were better in diabetic subjects with good control when compared to ones with regular or poor control (p = 0.00). Hearing thresholds were higher in poorly controlled diabetics when compared to subjects with good (p = 0.000) or regular control (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Early evidence of cochlear damage was detected in adolescents with DM1 leading to hearing loss at high frequencies. Abnormal DPOAEs responses were found more frequently than the alterations in TEOAEs and pure-tone audiometry, suggesting that DPOAEs evaluation is the most sensitive and it could be used for monitoring the progression of cochlear damage during the early stages of hearing impairment.
Assuntos
Cóclea/fisiopatologia , Doenças Cocleares/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/epidemiologia , Emissões Otoacústicas Espontâneas , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Audiometria de Tons Puros , Limiar Auditivo , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Doenças Cocleares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cocleares/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Audição , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Polygenic or multifactorial inheritance of chronic disorders (MICD) contribute to irreversible cochleovestibular impairment. Our aim was to determine the type and degree of cochleovestibular dysfunction (CVD) in patients with MICD. METHODS: Cross-sectional. We studied 385 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia who were referred to Otorhinolaryngology Unit with hearing and vestibular symptoms. The auditory function was evaluated using conventional tonal audiometry and the vestibular function by electronystagmography. Duration of the disease and number of comorbidities, hearing thresholds at 125-8000 Hz pure tones, speech audiometry, oculomotor evaluation and thermal caloric tests were also analysed. RESULTS: A total of 66.7% (95% CI, 61.8-73.4) of patients had 1 comorbidity; 27.7% (95% CI, 23.3-32.5) had 2 and 5.4% (95% CI, 3.4-8.2) had systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The mean age was 62 years (SD 12.9) and 57.1% were women. The majority showed obesity, physical inactivity and smoking (77.4%; 95% CI, 72.8-81.4). Cochlear dysfunction was more common than CVD (98.9%; 95% CI, 97.3-99.7 versus 36.1%; 95%CI, 31.2-41.1; P=.001). However, the presence of CVD was significant in patients over 60 years (χ(2)(tend), P≤.001, odds ratio: 6.43) and with MICD ≥11 years old (χ(2)(tend), P≤.001, odds ratio: 4.57). CONCLUSIONS: Cochlear dysfunction occurs in patients with MICD and the impact is greater than that of vestibular dysfunction. However, the age factor, duration and number of MICDs contribute to CVD. It is necessary to act on the MICDs and lifestyles to improve CVD.
Assuntos
Doenças Cocleares/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Doenças Vestibulares/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Audiometria de Tons Puros , Causalidade , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Fumar/epidemiologia , Zumbido/epidemiologia , Vertigem/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Se hizo un estudio prospectivo de 30 pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Militar Central Dr Carlos J Finlay en el período comprendido de enero de 2001 a diciembre de 2003, que presentaron trauma craneal con secuela cocleovestibular asociada con la evolución de su enfermedad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la incidencia de las secuelas audiológicas presentes en estos casos, su comportamiento clínico y la efectividad de las técnicas empleadas para el diagnóstico de estas. De los pacientes estudiados, el 73,3 por ciento correspondió al sexo masculino y el 16,6 por ciento a la edad de 30 a 44 años. Según la naturaleza del trauma, las fracturas fueron las más frecuentes (56,7 por ciento); así como en la sintomatología postraumática, la hipoacusia (46,6 por ciento), la otorragia (30,0 por ciento) y los acúfenos (30,0 por ciento) estuvieron presentes en la mayoría de los enfermos. El 46,6 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron positiva la audiometría y las pruebas electronistagmográficas, en esta última predominaron la falta de inhibición a la fijación visual y la existencia de nistagmus vertical.
A prospective study was undertaken in 30 patients seen in Dr Carlos J Finlay Military Hospital from January 2001 to December 2003, that presented cranial trauma with cochleovestibular sequelae associated with the evolution of the disease. The aim of this research was to determine the incidence of the audiological sequelae in these cases, their clinical behaviour, and the effectiveness of the techniques used for the diagnosis. Of the studied patients, 73.3 percent were males, and 16.6 percent were between 30-and 44 years old. According to the trauma nature, fractures were the most frequent (56.7 percent); whereas in the posttraumatic symptomatology, hypoacusia (46.6 percent), otorrhagia (30.0 percent), and tinnittus (30.0 percent) were observed in most of the patients. A group of sick persons (46.6 percent) had a positive audiometry as well as electronystagmographic tests. The lack of inhibition to visual fixation, and the presence of vertical nystagmus prevailed in the latter.
Assuntos
Humanos , Audiometria/métodos , Eletronistagmografia/métodos , Doenças Cocleares/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicaçõesRESUMO
O equilíbrio corporal é fundamental no relacionamento espacial do organismo com o ambiente. Três sistemas são responsáveis pela manutenção do equilíbrio: a visão, o sistema proprioceptivo e o aparelho labiríntico ou vestibular. FORMA DE ESTUDO: retrospectivo clínico. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de 3701 pacientes submetidos a exame clínico e exame cócleo-vestibular com registro vecto-eletronistagmográfico, em clínica particular de Otorrinolaringologia de Jundiaí, Estado de São Paulo, no período de 1979 a 2004. OBJETIVO: com a finalidade de se determinar a distribuição sindrômica dessa população e correlacioná-la com outros dados como sexo, faixa etária, sintomatologia, achados de exame clínico, audiológico, bem como quais são as especialidades médicas que solicitam essa avaliação com maior freqüência. RESULTADO: Na população estudada, foi encontrada uma maior prevalência do sexo feminino, numa proporção de 1,75:1. A faixa etária de indivíduos de 20 a 59 anos respondeu por 79 por cento dos pacientes estudados, incluindo portanto pessoas em idade laborativa, que apresentaram maior prevalência de síndromes periféricas, contudo não houve predominância de sexo feminino ou idade entre as diferentes síndromes. O estudo também demonstrou a presença de sintomas otoneurológicos comuns aos diferentes tipos de síndromes otoneurológicas, por exemplo, sem o predomínio clássico apontado na literatura das tonturas rotatórias predominarem nos casos de acometimento periférico e as não-rotatórias nos centrais. Alterações da acuidade auditiva, presença de zumbidos e sintomas neurovegetativos ocorreram com maior prevalência nos casos periféricos. Os desvios harmônicos às provas segmentares foram mais prevalentes nos pacientes portadores de síndromes periféricas e os desarmônicos, nas centrais, em consonância com a literatura pesquisada. CONCLUSÃO: As conclusões desta análise retrospectiva apontam para as especialidades de Otorrinolaringologia e Neurologia como as que mais freqüentemente solicitam este tipo de avaliação e o diagnóstico de síndrome periférica foi encontrado em 36 por cento dos pacientes, contudo » da população estudada não apresentou qualquer alteração na avaliação clínica e armada.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Cocleares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cocleares/fisiopatologia , Doenças Vestibulares/epidemiologia , Doenças Vestibulares/fisiopatologia , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Cocleares/diagnóstico , Tontura/diagnóstico , Tontura/epidemiologia , Tontura/fisiopatologia , Eletronistagmografia , Otolaringologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Síndrome , Zumbido/diagnóstico , Zumbido/epidemiologia , Zumbido/fisiopatologia , Doenças Vestibulares/diagnósticoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The relationship between spatial body positioning and environment comes from perfect corporal balance. The three most important systems responsible for this relationship are: the optic system (sight), the proprioceptive system, and the labyrinthine system. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical. A retrospective study conducted on 3,701 patients of a private otolaryngologic clinic, in Jundiaí - São Paulo - Brazil, who underwent vestibular and cochlear labyrinthine function testing, from 1979 to 2004. AIM: To determinate the syndromic distribution occurred at that population and to correlate its relationship with sex, age, symptomatology, as well as otological, clinical and electronystagmographic findings and which were the most frequent medical specialties who asked for this investigation. RESULTS: There was found in the studied population a major prevalence on females (1.75:1). Seventy-nine percent of the patients were from 20 to 59 years old, therefore including people in labor age, with a major prevalence of peripheral syndromes, but there was no a preferential age or sex group among the different syndromes. This study also demonstrated that some otoneurological symptoms were common to all kind of otoneurological syndromes, in opposition to the data found in the world literature. Tinnitus, hearing loss, nausea and vomit as well as harmonic alterations on clinical examination were found with more frequency on peripheral syndrome and no harmonic on central syndromes, according to the reviewed literature. CONCLUSIONS: The study conclusions were able to show that the majority of the patients started their investigation with either otolaryngologists or neurologists and 36% of the patients had peripheral syndrome with almost 25% that had normal evaluation.