RESUMO
The present study gathered epidemiological and clinical-pathological information about cattle with compressive lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). The retrospective study included observations made in 50 cattle from 1998 to 2021 by reviewing the clinical records of animals with compressive lesions in the CNS treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine Institute of the Federal University of Pará. The animals had clinical signs and were subjected to general and specific clinical examination of the nervous system. Blood samples were collected from 13 animals for complete blood counts, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from four animals for physical evaluation. Twenty-nine cattle underwent necropsy. The most affected sites were the T3-L3 (46%, 23/50), C1-C5 (22%, 11/50), C6-T2 (14%, 7/50), sacrococcygeal vertebrae, (4%, 2/50), L4-S2 (2%, 1/50), brain (8%, 4/50) and cerebellum (4%, 2/50). The age of the affected cattle ranged from 20 days to 16 years, with a higher occurrence in animals younger than 12 months (56%, 28/50). More Females were affected (58%, 29/50) than males (42%, 21/50). The clinical signs varied according to the location of the lesion and were mainly represented by ataxia, paresis or paralysis of the limbs, inability to stand and walk, postural changes, hyperesthesia in the extremities, and loss of skin sensitivity at the location of the lesion. The necropsy findings revealed changes such as abscesses in the vertebral body; intervertebral space in the medullary canal, pituitary and cerebellum; granuloma in the arch of the vertebra; fractures of the body of the vertebrae; subarachnoid haematoma; congenital bone alteration causing spinal cord compression; and spondylitis. Detailed anamnesis and clinical examination of the CNS, associated with necropsy findings, were important to determine the cause of the disease, correlate with the clinical picture and locate the affected segments of the CNS in the cattle. It is important to include these diseases in the list of differential diagnoses in cattle with nervous symptoms.
O presente trabalho reúne informações epidemiológicas e clínicopatológicas de bovinos com lesões compressivas no sistema nervoso central (SNC). O estudo retrospectivo compreendeu as observações realizadas em 50 bovinos durante os anos de 1998 a 2021, por meio da revisão dos arquivos de fichas clínicas de animais com lesões compressivas no SNC atendidos pelo Hospital Veterinário do Instituto de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Pará. Os animais atendidos com sinais clínicos foram submetidos a exame clínico geral e específico do sistema nervoso. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 13 animais para realização de hemograma e amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano de quatro animais para avaliação física. Foram submetidos à necropsia 29 bovinos. Os locais mais acometidos foram as vértebras T3-L3 (46%, 23/50), C1-C5 (22%, 11/50), C6-T2 (14%, 7/50), sacrococcígea (4%, 2/50) e L4-S2 (2%, 1/50); cérebro (8%, 4/50) e cerebelo (4%, 2/50). A idade dos bovinos afetados variou de 20 dias a 16 anos, com maior ocorrência em animais com menos de 12 meses (56%, 28/50). As fêmeas foram mais acometidas (58%, 29/50) do que os machos (42%, 21/50). Os sinais clínicos variaram de acordo com a localização da lesão e foram representados principalmente por ataxia, paresia ou paralisia dos membros, incapacidade de se levantar e de ficar em estação, alterações posturais, hiperestesia nas extremidades, além de perda da sensibilidade cutânea relacionada com a localização da lesão. Os achados de necropsia revelaram alterações como abscessos no corpo vertebral, no espaço intervertebral, no canal medular, para-hipofisário e no cerebelo; granuloma no arco da vértebra, fraturas do corpo das vértebras; hematoma subaracnoide; alteração óssea congênita causando compressão medular e espondilite. Anamnese detalhada e exame clínico do SNC, associados aos achados de necropsia foram importantes para determinar a causa da doença, correlacionar com o quadro clínico e localizar os segmentos acometidos do SNC dos bovinos. Torna-se importante incluir estas enfermidades na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais em bovinos que apresentem sintomatologia nervosa.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/veterinária , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Ecossistema Amazônico , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/veterináriaRESUMO
Cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in an 8-year-old neutered male domestic cat. Gross lesions were limited to the cerebellum, which had a focally extensive dark brown-black, soft, irregular area affecting the cortex and white matter of the left hemisphere and extending to the reticular formation. Microscopically, multifocal pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional pigmented fungal hyphae effaced the cerebellar grey and white matter. Fungal hyphae were 3-6 µm in diameter, septate and non-dichotomously branched, with parallel, thin and slightly bulbous walls. Polymerase chain reaction for the internal transcribed spacer 1-2 ribosomal RNA genes was performed on tissue samples from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of cerebellum. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified fragment identified the fungal agent as Cladosporium cladosporioides. This is the first confirmed report of cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis attributable to C. cladosporioides-complex in a domestic cat.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/patologia , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Feoifomicose/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Gatos , Cladosporium , MasculinoRESUMO
Um caso de abiotrofia cerebelar em um gato com 45 dias de idade foi diagnosticado no Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. O animal apresentava, havia 15 dias, apatia, anorexia, desidratação, ataxia, hipermetria, espasticidade dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, tremores de intenção, nistagmo, opistótono, déficit proprioceptivo e ausência de resposta de ameaça. Clinicamente, havia a suspeita de hipoplasia cerebelar, e, devido ao prognóstico desfavorável, o animal foi eutanasiado. Na necropsia, não foram observadas alterações macroscópicas. Microscopicamente, as lesões estavam restritas ao cerebelo e caracterizavam-se por alterações neurodegenerativas e necróticas, com desaparecimento segmentar dos neurônios de Purkinje. Nessas áreas, também se verificaram espaços em branco, denominado aspecto de cesto vazio, resultantes da perda dos neurônios de Purkinje, além de raros esferoides axonais e proliferação dos astrócitos de Bergmann. Em algumas áreas, a camada granular estava hipocelular e havia moderada gliose multifocal na camada molecular. O diagnóstico de abiotrofia cerebelar foi realizado com base nos dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e, principalmente, pelas alterações histopatológicas dos neurônios de Purkinje características da doença.(AU)
The aim of this report was to describe a case of cerebellar abiotrophy in cat with 45-year-old diagnosed at the Animal Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The animal had presented 15-day apathy, anorexia, dehydration and neurological signs, characterized by ataxia, hypermetria, spasticity of fore and hindlimbs, intention tremor, nystagmus, opisthotonos, proprioceptive deficits, and absence of threat response. Clinically, cerebellar hypoplasia was suspected and the animal was euthanized due to poor prognosis. During necropsy, gross lesions were not observed. Microscopically the lesions were restricted to the cerebellum and were characterized by neurodegenerative and necrotic damage with segmental disappearance of the Purkinje cells. In these areas, there were also empty spaces, called the empty basket aspect, resulting from the loss of Purkinje cells, as well as rare axonal spheroids and proliferation of Bergmann's astrocytes. In some areas, the granular layer was hypocellular and there was moderate multifocal gliosis in the molecular layer. The diagnosis of cerebellar abiotrophy was based on epidemiological, clinical and mainly on histopathological changes in neurons of Purkinje disease characteristics.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Abiotrophia , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Degeneração Neural/veterinária , Células de Purkinje/patologiaRESUMO
Um caso de abiotrofia cerebelar em um gato com 45 dias de idade foi diagnosticado no Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. O animal apresentava, havia 15 dias, apatia, anorexia, desidratação, ataxia, hipermetria, espasticidade dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, tremores de intenção, nistagmo, opistótono, déficit proprioceptivo e ausência de resposta de ameaça. Clinicamente, havia a suspeita de hipoplasia cerebelar, e, devido ao prognóstico desfavorável, o animal foi eutanasiado. Na necropsia, não foram observadas alterações macroscópicas. Microscopicamente, as lesões estavam restritas ao cerebelo e caracterizavam-se por alterações neurodegenerativas e necróticas, com desaparecimento segmentar dos neurônios de Purkinje. Nessas áreas, também se verificaram espaços em branco, denominado aspecto de cesto vazio, resultantes da perda dos neurônios de Purkinje, além de raros esferoides axonais e proliferação dos astrócitos de Bergmann. Em algumas áreas, a camada granular estava hipocelular e havia moderada gliose multifocal na camada molecular. O diagnóstico de abiotrofia cerebelar foi realizado com base nos dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e, principalmente, pelas alterações histopatológicas dos neurônios de Purkinje características da doença.(AU)
The aim of this report was to describe a case of cerebellar abiotrophy in cat with 45-year-old diagnosed at the Animal Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The animal had presented 15-day apathy, anorexia, dehydration and neurological signs, characterized by ataxia, hypermetria, spasticity of fore and hindlimbs, intention tremor, nystagmus, opisthotonos, proprioceptive deficits, and absence of threat response. Clinically, cerebellar hypoplasia was suspected and the animal was euthanized due to poor prognosis. During necropsy, gross lesions were not observed. Microscopically the lesions were restricted to the cerebellum and were characterized by neurodegenerative and necrotic damage with segmental disappearance of the Purkinje cells. In these areas, there were also empty spaces, called the empty basket aspect, resulting from the loss of Purkinje cells, as well as rare axonal spheroids and proliferation of Bergmann's astrocytes. In some areas, the granular layer was hypocellular and there was moderate multifocal gliosis in the molecular layer. The diagnosis of cerebellar abiotrophy was based on epidemiological, clinical and mainly on histopathological changes in neurons of Purkinje disease characteristics.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Abiotrophia , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Degeneração Neural/veterinária , Células de Purkinje/patologiaRESUMO
A case of lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia diagnosed in a Charolais x Tabapuã calf is described. The calf presented since birth, clinical signs characterized by apathy, prolonged recumbency, tremors of the head and neck, ataxia, hypermetria, difficulty walking, blindness and swelling of the joints of the four limbs. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized and necropsied at 34 days of age. At necropsy, a rudimentary development of the brain folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci) was observed, and the cerebellum was hypoplastic. The cut surface of the brain exhibited thickening of the gray matter (pachygyria) in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices and narrowing of the white matter. In the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, no significant lesions were observed. Histologically, cerebral cortex was thick and exhibited neuronal disorganization of the gray matter. The cerebellum had a thin molecular layer, and neuronal disorganization with ectopia of the Purkinje neurons in the region of the granular and molecular layers. There were no bacterial growths in cultures of joint swabs. This was the only case on the property, which suggests that this malformation, which has not previously been described in cattle, was a sporadic case, and it was not possible to determine its cause. Neurological lesions and clinical sings presented here should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congenital diseases of the central nervous systems of cattle.(AU)
Descreve-se um caso de lisencefalia-paquigiria e hipoplasia cerebelar diagnosticado em um bovino, macho, cruza Charolês x Tabapuã que apresentava, desde o nascimento, sinais clínicos caracterizados por apatia, decúbito prolongado, tremores da cabeça e do pescoço, ataxia, hipermetria, dificuldade na marcha, cegueira e aumento de volume nas articulações dos quatro membros. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável, o bovino foi eutanasiado e necropsiado aos 34 dias de idade. Na abertura da caixa craniana, observou-se formação rudimentar dos giros do telencéfalo e cerebelo hipoplásico. Ao corte o encéfalo, apresentava espessamento da substância cinzenta (paquigiria) do córtex frontal, parietal, temporal e occipital e estreitamento da substância branca. Nos órgãos das cavidades torácica e abdominal, não foram observadas lesões significativas. Histologicamente, no córtex cerebral havia desorganização neuronal da substância cinzenta que estava espessa. No cerebelo, havia diminuição da camada molecular e desorganização neuronal com ectopia dos neurônios de Purkinje na região das camadas granular e molecular. Não houve crescimento bacteriano das culturas de suabes das articulações. O fato de ser o único caso na propriedade sugere que a malformação, sem descrição anterior em bovinos, trata-se de caso esporádico, não sendo determinada sua causa. As alterações neurológicas aqui observadas devem ser levadas em consideração no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades congênitas do sistema nervoso central de bovinos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Lisencefalia/veterinária , Anormalidades Congênitas/veterinária , Doenças Cerebelares/veterináriaRESUMO
A case of lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia diagnosed in a Charolais x Tabapuã calf is described. The calf presented since birth, clinical signs characterized by apathy, prolonged recumbency, tremors of the head and neck, ataxia, hypermetria, difficulty walking, blindness and swelling of the joints of the four limbs. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized and necropsied at 34 days of age. At necropsy, a rudimentary development of the brain folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci) was observed, and the cerebellum was hypoplastic. The cut surface of the brain exhibited thickening of the gray matter (pachygyria) in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices and narrowing of the white matter. In the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, no significant lesions were observed. Histologically, cerebral cortex was thick and exhibited neuronal disorganization of the gray matter. The cerebellum had a thin molecular layer, and neuronal disorganization with ectopia of the Purkinje neurons in the region of the granular and molecular layers. There were no bacterial growths in cultures of joint swabs. This was the only case on the property, which suggests that this malformation, which has not previously been described in cattle, was a sporadic case, and it was not possible to determine its cause. Neurological lesions and clinical sings presented here should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congenital diseases of the central nervous systems of cattle.
Descreve-se um caso de lisencefalia-paquigiria e hipoplasia cerebelar diagnosticado em um bovino, macho, cruza Charolês x Tabapuã que apresentava, desde o nascimento, sinais clínicos caracterizados por apatia, decúbito prolongado, tremores da cabeça e do pescoço, ataxia, hipermetria, dificuldade na marcha, cegueira e aumento de volume nas articulações dos quatro membros. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável, o bovino foi eutanasiado e necropsiado aos 34 dias de idade. Na abertura da caixa craniana, observou-se formação rudimentar dos giros do telencéfalo e cerebelo hipoplásico. Ao corte o encéfalo, apresentava espessamento da substância cinzenta (paquigiria) do córtex frontal, parietal, temporal e occipital e estreitamento da substância branca. Nos órgãos das cavidades torácica e abdominal, não foram observadas lesões significativas. Histologicamente, no córtex cerebral havia desorganização neuronal da substância cinzenta que estava espessa. No cerebelo, havia diminuição da camada molecular e desorganização neuronal com ectopia dos neurônios de Purkinje na região das camadas granular e molecular. Não houve crescimento bacteriano das culturas de suabes das articulações. O fato de ser o único caso na propriedade sugere que a malformação, sem descrição anterior em bovinos, trata-se de caso esporádico, não sendo determinada sua causa. As alterações neurológicas aqui observadas devem ser levadas em consideração no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades congênitas do sistema nervoso central de bovinos.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Bovinos , Anormalidades Congênitas/veterinária , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos , Lisencefalia/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Cerebellar abiotrophy is a spontaneous, progressive degenerative disease of the cerebellum in which Purkinje cell loss and functional disorders occur secondary to an intrinsic metabolic defect. Clinically, all animals with cerebellar abiotrophy are normal at birth, and neurological signs become evident during development. This work aimed to report and describe a case of cerebellar cortical abiotrophy in an adult American Staffordshire Terrier in Brazil, highlighting the pathologic findings of the cerebellar lesions. Case: A 10-year-old female American Staffordshire Terrier presented with a 3-year history of progressive neurological changes. These changes began with mild ataxia of the hind limbs that involved the forelimbs after 2 years. In the recent months prior to presentation, the patient spent most of her time lying down with a head tilt. When she stood with her head raised, she exhibited abasia and required a broad base of support. When she attempted to walk, she quickly fell and rolled over if not supported. She could not eat on her own because of intense intention tremors. Because of the severity of her condition, the decision was made to euthanize the animal. Necropsy examination revealed no significant findings. Various organ specimens were collected, fixed in 10% formalin, and processed for routine histology. The tissue sections were stained with...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/veterinária , Cerebelo/patologia , Cerebelo/fisiopatologia , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Cerebellar abiotrophy is a spontaneous, progressive degenerative disease of the cerebellum in which Purkinje cell loss and functional disorders occur secondary to an intrinsic metabolic defect. Clinically, all animals with cerebellar abiotrophy are normal at birth, and neurological signs become evident during development. This work aimed to report and describe a case of cerebellar cortical abiotrophy in an adult American Staffordshire Terrier in Brazil, highlighting the pathologic findings of the cerebellar lesions. Case: A 10-year-old female American Staffordshire Terrier presented with a 3-year history of progressive neurological changes. These changes began with mild ataxia of the hind limbs that involved the forelimbs after 2 years. In the recent months prior to presentation, the patient spent most of her time lying down with a head tilt. When she stood with her head raised, she exhibited abasia and required a broad base of support. When she attempted to walk, she quickly fell and rolled over if not supported. She could not eat on her own because of intense intention tremors. Because of the severity of her condition, the decision was made to euthanize the animal. Necropsy examination revealed no significant findings. Various organ specimens were collected, fixed in 10% formalin, and processed for routine histology. The tissue sections were stained with...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Cerebelo/fisiopatologia , Cerebelo/patologia , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaRESUMO
The present work reports cerebellar degeneration in cattle associated with the ingestion of Solanum subinerme in northern Brazil. The main clinical signs were periodic crises with loss of balance, falls, opisthotonus, and nystagmus. The histological lesions consisted of diffuse vacuolation of the perikaryon of the Purkinje neurons, followed by the loss of these cells and their substitution by Bergman glia. It is concluded that S. subinerme is another species of Solanum that causes cerebellar degeneration in cattle.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Córtex Cerebelar/patologia , Doenças Cerebelares/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/veterinária , Intoxicação por Plantas/patologia , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Solanum/toxicidade , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Brasil , Bovinos , Doenças Cerebelares/patologia , Feminino , Masculino , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/patologia , Células de Purkinje/patologiaRESUMO
Hereditary or acquired cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) is commonly diagnosed in Holstein, Guernsey, Shorthorn and Jersey cattle. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) has been associated to acquired CH due to viral infection during the second trimester of pregnancy. Stricken calf usually shows ataxia, hypermetria, opisthotonus, intentional tremor and wide-based stance when in standing position. Three newborn calves were referred to the FCAV/Unesp Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of neurological distress. The clinical presentation, similar in all cases, indicated CH. Two weeks later, clinical signs did not improve and euthanasia was performed. Macroscopic examination revealed a gelatinous serosanguineous fluid over the brain surface and within the cervical spinal canal. Histologically the cerebellum had disorganization of the internal granular layer and moderate disappearance of Purkinje cells. The observed clinical signs and nervous tissue lesions were consistent with congenital cerebellar syndrome, possibly associated to viral infection during fetal development. Despite CH has been assumed to be related to BVD, blue tongue and Akabane viruses, only the BVD etiology has been already identified in Brazil.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Vírus da Diarreia Viral BovinaRESUMO
Hereditary or acquired cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) is commonly diagnosed in Holstein, Guernsey, Shorthorn and Jersey cattle. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) has been associated to acquired CH due to viral infection during the second trimester of pregnancy. Stricken calf usually shows ataxia, hypermetria, opisthotonus, intentional tremor and wide-based stance when in standing position. Three newborn calves were referred to the FCAV/Unesp Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of neurological distress. The clinical presentation, similar in all cases, indicated CH. Two weeks later, clinical signs did not improve and euthanasia was performed. Macroscopic examination revealed a gelatinous serosanguineous fluid over the brain surface and within the cervical spinal canal. Histologically the cerebellum had disorganization of the internal granular layer and moderate disappearance of Purkinje cells. The observed clinical signs and nervous tissue lesions were consistent with congenital cerebellar syndrome, possibly associated to viral infection during fetal development. Despite CH has been assumed to be related to BVD, blue tongue and Akabane viruses, only the BVD etiology has been already identified in Brazil.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral BovinaRESUMO
Seven cases of hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in a water buffalo herd are described. The herd of 133 females was divided for mating into 4 groups and mated with different bulls. The disease was observed in the offspring of 5 cows from only 1 group over a period of 6 years. These cows had all mated with the same bull during that period. All affected calves were unable to suckle, showed intention tremors, involuntary movements of the ears, depression, and blindness. Some calves were recumbent and others showed wide-based stance and inability to walk. At necropsy, all affected calves had similar lesions consisting of hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia. Histologically, the cavities were surrounded by normal-looking nervous tissue. The occurrence of the disease in the offspring of only 1 out of 6 bulls in different years, the similar lesions in all 7 calves affected, and the negative serology and immunohistochemistry for Bovine virus diarrhea virus and Bluetongue virus highly suggest that the disease is hereditary.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Hidranencefalia/veterinária , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Encéfalo/patologia , Brasil , Doenças Cerebelares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cerebelares/patologia , Feminino , Hidranencefalia/patologia , MasculinoRESUMO
Cerebellar abiotrophy (CA) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that has been reported in humans and animals. In cattle, CA had been reported in Bos taurus taurus and crossbreed cattle. CA is characterized by degeneration and loss of Purkinje cells and decrease in the population of granule cells. The pathogenesis of this process is unknown, but it is believed that there is an autosomal recessive heritable factor involved. A 15-month-old Nelore ox (Bos taurus indicus) was sent to a slaughterhouse, where it presented cerebellar ataxia, symmetrical hypermetria, spasticity, ptyalism, and incoordination. There were no macroscopic changes. CNS samples were negative for BSE, rabies, and other infectious pathogens. Microscopically, there was atrophy of the molecular, granular, and Purkinje cell layers of the cerebellar cortex, and a marked and diffuse loss of the Purkinje cells. No other microscopic lesions were observed in CNS. These findings were consistent with cerebellar abiotrophy. To the best of our knowledge, no cases of CA have ever been reported in Bos taurus indicus. Therefore, the present case of CA in Nelore is the first report of the disease in Zebu cattle.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/veterinária , Doenças Cerebelares/veterináriaRESUMO
A autólise da camada de células granulares do cerebelo é um achado postmortem observado em bovinos e relacionado ao prolongado tempo de duração entre a morte e a fixação do encéfalo. Para observar a prevalência desse artefato, 228 cerebelos foram examinados histologicamente ao longo do verme cerebelar. Trinta e seis por cento desses casos apresentaram conglutinação cerebelar não relacionada a doença específica. Em 74,4 por cento dos casos em que foi observada conglutinação cerebelar, não foram observadas alterações histopatológicas. Histologicamente, a conglutinação cerebelar caracterizou-se por dissolução segmentar ou difusa da camada de células granulares. A descrição deste artefato é importante, pois já foi confundido como lesão relacionada a doença específica do sistema nervoso de bovinos.
Cerebellar conglutination of the granule cell layer is a postmortem artifact observed in cattle. It is related to increased time between death and fixation of the brain. In this study, 228 cerebellum were histologically analyzed throughout cerebellar vermis. Cerebellar conglutination was observed in 36 percent of the cases and it was not related to specific diseases. Seventy-four percent of the cases did not present any histological lesions in the brain. Microscopically, cerebellar conglutination was characterized by segmentar or diffuse dissolution of the granule cell layer. This artifact has been misinterpreted as resulting from specific diseases of the central nervous system in cattle, and it has to be differentiated from important antemortem lesions.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Autólise/veterinária , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Traumatismos do Sistema Nervoso/veterináriaRESUMO
Cattle in western Uruguay that were eating Solanum bonariense developed periodic episodes of ataxia, hypermetria, hyperesthesia, head and thoracic limb extension, opisthotonus, nystagmus, and falling to the side or backward. Similar clinical signs were experimentally reproduced in cattle by administration of S. bonariense via rumen cannula at a dose of 1,024 g/kg body mass. No significant gross lesions were observed in field cases or experimentally induced cases. Spontaneous and induced histologic lesions were similar and included vacuolation, degeneration, and loss of Purkinje cells. Axonal spheroids, microcavitations, and other changes of wallerian-type degeneration in cerebellar white matter were also observed. Ultrastructural changes included increased number of electron-dense residual storage bodies in membrane-bound vesicles in affected Purkinje cells, and similar vesicles and mitochondria in axonal spheroids. No histologic lesions were detected in the other examined tissues. The Purkinje-cell swelling and vacuolation with subsequent cerebellar degeneration are suggestive of Purkinje-cell specific toxin that produces abnormal lysosome function and cell specific axonal transport. This is the first report of S. bonariense toxicity.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/etiologia , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/veterinária , Plantas Tóxicas , Solanum , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/enzimologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Doenças Cerebelares/enzimologia , Doenças Cerebelares/etiologia , Doenças Cerebelares/patologia , Feminino , Histocitoquímica/veterinária , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão/veterinária , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/enzimologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/etiologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/patologia , Células de Purkinje/patologia , Células de Purkinje/ultraestrutura , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangueRESUMO
A spontaneous outbreak of neurological disease in swine caused by the ingestion of Aeschynomene indica seeds and reproduction of the disease in the same specie are reported. In the natural outbreak the morbidity, mortality and lethality rates were respectively 25%-40%, 8.5%-20%, and 25%-66%. Clinical signs were variable degrees of incoordination of gait, falls, sternal recumbency with wide base stance of the hind limbs, lateral recumbency and death. For experimental reproduction of the intoxication, 5 (A-E) pigs were fed a ration containing 10% (PigA), 15% (Pig B) and 20% (Pigs C-E) of A. indica seeds. Pigs A and B were euthanatized and Pigs C-E died of acute disease respectively 16, 21 and 24 hours after the start of the experiment. Clinical signs were similar to those observed in pigs from the spontaneous outbreak. Histopathological findings in the brain of pigs fed rations with 20% A. indica seeds (C-E) were congestion, edema and hemorrhage and swollen capillary endothelia in nuclei and in the telencephalic cortex. Pigs fed 10% and 15% A. indica had histopathological changes in the brain of discrete focal symmetrical areas of malacia. These findings indicate that one or more toxic principles in A. indica seeds are responsible for this neurological condition and that clinical outcome and pathological changes are dose-dependent. The symmetrical malacic foci from the ingestion of A. indica seeds in pigs affected vestibular and cerebellar nuclei, putamen, and the mesencephalic substantia nigra, oculomotor, and red nucleus; thus, focal symmetrical encephalomalacia is suggested as a better name for the disease.
Assuntos
Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Fabaceae/intoxicação , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Cerebelares/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Intoxicação por Plantas/epidemiologia , Sementes/intoxicação , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/induzido quimicamente , Doenças dos Suínos/patologiaRESUMO
Aeschynomene indica seeds cause a vestibulo-cerebellar syndrome in pigs. This experiment studied the toxicity of different plant chemical fractions in pigs to determine a susceptible laboratory species to search for the plant's toxic principle. Hexanic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of A. indica seeds were administered to 1 pig each. The ethanolic extract killed the experimental pig and 2/4 mice and 0/4 rats. The ethanolic extract was fractionated into ethyl acetate, butanolic. and aqueous remaining residues. The residues were administered by gavage at 0.9 g/kg to groups of 6 mice; those dosed with the ethyl acetate residue developed nervous signs and died. Administrated to 4 pigs, the residue caused clinical signs and histologic lesions similar than those observed in experimental intoxication of swine with A. indica seeds. The active principle of these seeds was in the ethyl acetate residue and mice can be used as an experimental species to test toxicity of substances isolated from this plant.
Assuntos
Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Fabaceae/toxicidade , Sementes/toxicidade , Doenças dos Suínos/etiologia , Doenças Vestibulares/veterinária , Ração Animal/toxicidade , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças Cerebelares/etiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Contaminação de Alimentos , Camundongos , Oryza , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Suínos , Doenças Vestibulares/etiologiaRESUMO
A vestibulocerebellar disorder was observed in 2- to 4-month-old swine after consumption of broken rice contaminated with 13% Aeschynomene indica seeds. Affected animals recovered in 2-14 days after removal of the contaminated food. To reproduce the syndrome, 10 pigs were fed 13% A. indica seeds in commercial pig ration or rice. They showed clinical signs similar to those observed in the spontaneous cases, 1 hour to 6 days after ingestion. Three pigs recovered after the withdrawal of the contaminated food. The others were killed. Two pigs that were fed for 25 days with food containing 3% and 6% seeds and two control pigs did not show clinical signs. Histologic lesions were characterized by symmetric focal degeneration in the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. The initial lesion, observed 24 hours after the first ingestion, was characterized by vacuolation of the neuropil. Subsequently, there was progressive loss of parenchyma, vascular reaction, a few small spheroids, astrocytosis, and accumulation of gitter cells. The brains from four pigs were perfused with a buffered solution of glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde 12-48 hours after they started to ingest the seeds. No ultrastructural lesions were observed in the cerebellar nuclei after 12 hours of seed consumption. At 24 hours, endothelial cells and pericytes were separated by empty spaces from astrocyte foot processes, suggesting perivascular edema. The astrocytes were enlarged, consistent with intracellular fluid accumulation. These results suggest that A. indica seeds are toxic, causing functional derangement of the vestibulocerebellar system, followed by alterations in the microvasculature in the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei.
Assuntos
Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Fabaceae/toxicidade , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Sementes/toxicidade , Doenças dos Suínos/etiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia , Doenças Vestibulares/veterinária , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/ultraestrutura , Doenças Cerebelares/metabolismo , Doenças Cerebelares/patologia , Histocitoquímica/veterinária , Microscopia Eletrônica/veterinária , Intoxicação por Plantas/metabolismo , Intoxicação por Plantas/patologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/metabolismo , Doenças Vestibulares/metabolismo , Doenças Vestibulares/patologiaRESUMO
A congenital progressive cerebellar disorder is described in Holstein calves. The clinical signs were progressive and were characterized by ataxia, hypermetria, a wide stance and fine head tremors. When the affected cattle were forced to run, the signs were exacerbated, leading to epileptiform attacks. Histological lesions consisted of a very selective cerebellar cortical degeneration, almost exclusively affecting the Purkinje cells. The disease affected 6 out of 200 Holstein calves from the same bull. However, results of mating tests of the bull with his daughters and granddaughters suggested that it was not hereditary (p = 0.0062) although an environmental-genetic interaction could not be ruled out.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/congênito , Córtex Cerebelar/patologia , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Animais , Ataxia/veterinária , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Ataxia Cerebelar/congênito , Ataxia Cerebelar/patologia , Ataxia Cerebelar/veterinária , Doenças Cerebelares/congênito , Doenças Cerebelares/patologia , Feminino , Histocitoquímica/veterinária , Masculino , Células de Purkinje/patologiaRESUMO
A bovine cerebellar disorder of recurrent seizures characterized by loss of equilibrium, extension of the head and thoracic limbs, opisthotonus, nystagmus and falling to the side or backwards is described from 16 farms in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The main pathologic features were vacuolation, degeneration and loss of Purkinje cells with axonal spheroids in the cerebellar granular layer and white matter. Electron microscopic study of Purkinje cells showed cytoplasmic membranous bodies, similar to those observed in human and animal gangliosidoses. Feeding trials in calves demonstrated that the disease is an intoxication caused by ingestion of Solanum fastigiatum var. fastigiatum. A hypothesis is proposed that the intoxication is an induced lysosomal storage disease, probably a gangliosidosis.