RESUMO
Abstract Objectives: to analyze the prevalence of sugar consumption and associated factors in childcare consultations. Methods: cross-sectional study with 599 children > six months to < 24 months of age, assisted by the Family Health Units. Outcomes: daily consumption of sweetened beverages, sweets/candies, recorded in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System; independent variables: sociodemographic data. Multiple logistic regression test was applied. Results: 62.10% of the children consume sugary drinks and 42.23%, sweets/candies. Consuming sugary drinks was associated with the age of 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.525; CI95%=1.68-3.78) and 18-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.90; CI95%=1.90-4.43); children living with more than four people at home (OR=1.59; CI95%=1.11-2.26), aged 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.05; CI95%=1.34-3.13) and 18-23 months and 29 days (OR=2.51; CI95%=1.62-3.87) were more likely to consume sweets/candies than younger children. Maternal aspects, such as age (OR=0.66; CI95%=0.46-0.93), marital status (OR=1.67; CI95%=1.06-2.6), schooling (OR=2.14; CI95%=1.12-4.08), and presence of government assistance (OR=2.03; CI95%=1.41-2.93), were conditions associated with the consumption of sweets. Conclusions: the prevalence of sugar in children's diet was high and was associated with sociodemographic aspects. Health education actions should be carried out in childcare, in order to promote healthy food, minimizing the consumption of sugar.
Resumo Objetivos: analisar a prevalência do consumo de açúcar e fatores associados em consultas de puericultura. Métodos: estudo transversal com 599 crianças >seis a <24 meses de idade, assistidas por Unidades de Saúde da Família. Desfechos: consumo diário de bebidas adoçadas, doces/guloseimas, registrados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional; variáveis independentes: dados sociodemográficos. Aplicou-se teste de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: 62,10% das crianças consomem bebidas açucaradas e 42,23% doces/guloseimas. Consumir bebidas açucaradas associou-se à idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,525; IC95%=1,68-3,78) e 18-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,90; IC95%=1,90-4,43); crianças residirem com mais de quatro pessoas na casa (OR=1,59; IC95%:1,11-2,26), terem idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,05; IC95%=1,34-3,13) e 18-23 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,51; IC95%=1,62-3,87) apresentaram maior chance de consumir doces/guloseimas que crianças mais novas. Aspectos maternos como idade (OR=0,66; IC95%=0,46-0,93), estado civil (OR=1,67; IC95%=1,06-2,6), escolaridade (OR=2,14; IC95%=1,12-4,08), e presença de auxílio do governo (OR=2,03;IC95%=1,41-2,93), foram condições associadas ao consumo de doces/guloseimas. Conclusão: foi alta a prevalência de açúcar na dieta das crianças e esteve associada a aspectos sociodemográficos. Ações de educação em saúde devem ser realizadas na puericultura, a fim de fomentar a alimentação saudável, minimizando o consumo de açúcar.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidado da Criança , Ingestão de Alimentos , Nutrição do Lactente , Bebidas Adoçadas com Açúcar/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Transversais , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Fatores SociodemográficosRESUMO
In 2014, an 8% tax on energy-dense nutrient-poor foods was implemented in Mexico with the aim of reducing its consumption. This paper estimated changes in household purchases of taxed food. We used the latest five waves of the nationally representative Mexican Income and Expenditure Survey (2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016). The analytic sample comprises 154,777 households. We estimated changes in purchases based on a before and after comparison. Results show a reduction in purchases of taxed food of -5.4â¯g/week per capita, equivalent to a relative reduction of -5.3% in the 2014 and 2016 waves compared to the 2008, 2010 and 2012 rounds. The largest relative reductions were in urban areas (-6.9%), among households with children (-7.0%), households where the head had an intermediate educational level (-9.9%) and the southern region (-14.8%). We did not find a significant reduction in rural areas. While there is a large heterogeneity, the fiscal instrument has been effective in reducing taxed food purchases and has generated substantial revenue that could be used to finance policies for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Assuntos
Comércio/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento do Consumidor/economia , Ingestão de Energia , Características da Família , Alimentos/economia , Impostos/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Pão/estatística & dados numéricos , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comércio/tendências , Feminino , Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Lactente , Masculino , México , Nutrientes , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Inquéritos e Questionários , Edulcorantes/administração & dosagem , Edulcorantes/economia , Impostos/legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze trend estimates on the prevalence of risk and protective behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adolescents, according to data from the National School Health Survey in 2009, 2012 and 2015. METHODS: Data from the three cross-sectional studies in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District were used. In total, 173,310 adolescents enrolled in the ninth grade of elementary school were interviewed, with average age of 14 years. The prevalence of indicators of protective (consumption of beans and fruit; physical education classes at school; practice of physical activity for 60 minutes or more) and risk factors (consumption of candies and soft drinks; use of cigarettes and alcohol in the last 30 days; drug testing) were estimated through linear regression. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of fruit consumption and in the reduction of bean, soft drinks and candies consumption, as well as the consumption of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. However, an increase in the prevalence of illicit drug experimentation was observed. Discussion: Despite the tendency to reduce risk factors, prevalences are high when compared with other sociocultural realities. CONCLUSION: The school is an important area of access to the adolescent public, and it is necessary to encourage school health promotion programs to reduce health risk behaviors, as well as to stimulate protective ones.
OBJETIVO: Analisar as estimativas de tendência sobre a prevalência de comportamentos de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes, segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar em 2009, 2012 e 2015. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados dos três estudos transversais nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. No total, entrevistaram-se 173.310 adolescentes matriculados no 9º ano do ensino fundamental, com idade média de 14 anos. Foram estimadas pelo modelo de regressão linear as prevalências dos indicadores de fatores de proteção (consumo de feijão e frutas; aulas de educação física na escola; prática de 60 minutos ou mais de atividade física) e de risco (consumo de guloseimas e refrigerantes; uso de cigarro e álcool nos últimos 30 dias; experimentação de drogas). RESULTADOS: Houve aumento significativo (p < 0,05) da prevalência do consumo de frutas e redução de consumo de feijão, refrigerantes e guloseimas, assim como do uso de bebidas alcoólicas e cigarro, entretanto foi observado aumento na prevalência de experimentação de drogas ilícitas. DISCUSSÃO: Apesar da tendência de redução em alguns fatores de risco, as prevalências encontradas são altas ao comparar com outras realidades socioculturais. CONCLUSÃO: A escola é um importante espaço de acesso ao público adolescente, e faz-se necessário estimular programas de promoção da saúde escolar para reduzir comportamentos de risco à saúde, assim como incentivar comportamentos protetores.
Assuntos
Saúde do Adolescente/tendências , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Assunção de Riscos , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Bebidas Gaseificadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas , Masculino , Doenças não Transmissíveis/psicologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores de Risco , Fumar Tabaco/psicologia , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/psicologiaRESUMO
RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar as estimativas de tendência sobre a prevalência de comportamentos de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes, segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar em 2009, 2012 e 2015. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados dos três estudos transversais nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. No total, entrevistaram-se 173.310 adolescentes matriculados no 9º ano do ensino fundamental, com idade média de 14 anos. Foram estimadas pelo modelo de regressão linear as prevalências dos indicadores de fatores de proteção (consumo de feijão e frutas; aulas de educação física na escola; prática de 60 minutos ou mais de atividade física) e de risco (consumo de guloseimas e refrigerantes; uso de cigarro e álcool nos últimos 30 dias; experimentação de drogas). Resultados: Houve aumento significativo (p < 0,05) da prevalência do consumo de frutas e redução de consumo de feijão, refrigerantes e guloseimas, assim como do uso de bebidas alcoólicas e cigarro, entretanto foi observado aumento na prevalência de experimentação de drogas ilícitas. Discussão: Apesar da tendência de redução em alguns fatores de risco, as prevalências encontradas são altas ao comparar com outras realidades socioculturais. Conclusão: A escola é um importante espaço de acesso ao público adolescente, e faz-se necessário estimular programas de promoção da saúde escolar para reduzir comportamentos de risco à saúde, assim como incentivar comportamentos protetores.
ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze trend estimates on the prevalence of risk and protective behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adolescents, according to data from the National School Health Survey in 2009, 2012 and 2015. Methods: Data from the three cross-sectional studies in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District were used. In total, 173,310 adolescents enrolled in the ninth grade of elementary school were interviewed, with average age of 14 years. The prevalence of indicators of protective (consumption of beans and fruit; physical education classes at school; practice of physical activity for 60 minutes or more) and risk factors (consumption of candies and soft drinks; use of cigarettes and alcohol in the last 30 days; drug testing) were estimated through linear regression. Results: There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of fruit consumption and in the reduction of bean, soft drinks and candies consumption, as well as the consumption of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. However, an increase in the prevalence of illicit drug experimentation was observed. Discussion: Despite the tendency to reduce risk factors, prevalences are high when compared with other sociocultural realities. Conclusion: The school is an important area of access to the adolescent public, and it is necessary to encourage school health promotion programs to reduce health risk behaviors, as well as to stimulate protective ones.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Assunção de Riscos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde do Adolescente/tendências , Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Bebidas Gaseificadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Drogas Ilícitas , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Fatores de Proteção , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/psicologia , Doenças não Transmissíveis/psicologia , Fumar Tabaco/psicologiaRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and mental disorders among pregnant women in southern Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 712 pregnant women recruited from the Study of Food Intake and Eating Behaviors in Pregnancy (ECCAGe). Food intake assessment was performed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was used to evaluate participants' mental health. Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted to estimate prevalence ratios (PR). Results: In the adjusted models, there was a high prevalence of major depressive disorder among women with low fruit intake (43%, PR 1.43, 95%CI 1.04-1.95) and high sweets and sugars intake (91%, PR 1.91, 95%CI 1.19-3.07). Women with a common-Brazilian dietary pattern had higher prevalence of major depressive disorder compared to those with a varied consumption pattern (PR 1.43, 95%CI 1.01-2.02). Low intake of beans was significantly associated with generalized anxiety disorder (PR 1.40, 95%CI 1.01-1.93). Conclusions: Low consumption of fruits and beans and intake of the common-Brazilian dietary pattern during pregnancy were associated with higher prevalence of mental disorders. These results reinforce the importance of an adequate dietary intake to ensure better mental health in pregnancy.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Inquéritos sobre Dietas/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Phaseolus , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Preferências Alimentares , FrutasRESUMO
This study examines the influence of increasing household availability of sodas and cookies on the effects of an intervention to promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables. The study analyzed data from 70 families living in low-income communities in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, selected in a stratified probabilistic sample, and who completed a 30-day food record before and after the intervention. The intervention contributed to a significant increase in the household availability of fruit and vegetables (+2.7 p.p.; 95%CI: 1.5; 4.0), contrary to the trend towards stagnation of such availability in the general population in Brazil. Meanwhile, the purchase of sodas and cookies, which was not the intervention's target, mirrored the upward trend in the consumption of these products (+5.8 p.p.; 95%CI: 3.3; 8.4). Families that increased their purchase of sodas and cookies showed lower increases, or even decreases, in the purchase of fruits and vegetables (p < 0.05), and had nearly fourfold lower odds of experiencing any increase in the household availability of fruits and vegetables.
Assuntos
Bebidas/estatística & dados numéricos , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Frutas , Promoção da Saúde , Verduras , Brasil , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and mental disorders among pregnant women in southern Brazil. METHODS:: Cross-sectional study with 712 pregnant women recruited from the Study of Food Intake and Eating Behaviors in Pregnancy (ECCAGe). Food intake assessment was performed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was used to evaluate participants' mental health. Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted to estimate prevalence ratios (PR). RESULTS:: In the adjusted models, there was a high prevalence of major depressive disorder among women with low fruit intake (43%, PR 1.43, 95%CI 1.04-1.95) and high sweets and sugars intake (91%, PR 1.91, 95%CI 1.19-3.07). Women with a common-Brazilian dietary pattern had higher prevalence of major depressive disorder compared to those with a varied consumption pattern (PR 1.43, 95%CI 1.01-2.02). Low intake of beans was significantly associated with generalized anxiety disorder (PR 1.40, 95%CI 1.01-1.93). CONCLUSIONS:: Low consumption of fruits and beans and intake of the common-Brazilian dietary pattern during pregnancy were associated with higher prevalence of mental disorders. These results reinforce the importance of an adequate dietary intake to ensure better mental health in pregnancy.
Assuntos
Inquéritos sobre Dietas/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Feminino , Preferências Alimentares , Frutas , Humanos , Phaseolus , Gravidez , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumo: O presente estudo examina a influência do aumento da disponibilidade intradomiciliar de refrigerantes e biscoitos sobre os efeitos de uma intervenção de promoção do consumo de frutas e hortaliças. Foram analisados os dados de 70 famílias que viviam em comunidades de baixa renda na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, que foram selecionadas por meio de uma amostra probabilística estratificada e completaram registro alimentar de 30 dias antes e depois da intervenção. A intervenção contribuiu para um aumento significativo na disponibilidade intradomiciliar de frutas e hortaliças (+2,7 p.p.; IC95%: 1,5; 4,0), superando a tendência de estagnação na população brasileira. Já a aquisição de refrigerantes e biscoitos, que não foi objeto da intervenção, acompanhou a tendência crescente de consumo destes produtos (+5,8 p.p.; IC95%: 3,3; 8,4). As famílias que aumentaram a aquisição de refrigerantes e biscoitos apresentaram menores aumentos, ou decréscimos, na aquisição de frutas e hortaliças (p < 0,05) e tiveram uma chance quase quatro vezes menor de experimentar algum aumento na disponibilidade intradomiciliar de frutas e hortaliças.
Abstract: This study examines the influence of increasing household availability of sodas and cookies on the effects of an intervention to promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables. The study analyzed data from 70 families living in low-income communities in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, selected in a stratified probabilistic sample, and who completed a 30-day food record before and after the intervention. The intervention contributed to a significant increase in the household availability of fruit and vegetables (+2.7 p.p.; 95%CI: 1.5; 4.0), contrary to the trend towards stagnation of such availability in the general population in Brazil. Meanwhile, the purchase of sodas and cookies, which was not the intervention's target, mirrored the upward trend in the consumption of these products (+5.8 p.p.; 95%CI: 3.3; 8.4). Families that increased their purchase of sodas and cookies showed lower increases, or even decreases, in the purchase of fruits and vegetables (p < 0.05), and had nearly fourfold lower odds of experiencing any increase in the household availability of fruits and vegetables.
Resumen: El presente estudio examina la influencia del aumento de la disponibilidad intradomiciliaria de refrescos y galletas, sobre los efectos de una intervención de promoción del consumo de frutas y hortalizas. Se analizaron los datos de 70 familias que vivían en comunidades de baja renta en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, que fueron seleccionadas mediante una muestra probabilística estratificada, y completaron un registro alimentario de 30 días antes y después de la intervención. La intervención contribuyó a un aumento significativo en la disponibilidad intradomiciliaria de frutas y hortalizas (+2,7 p.p.; IC95%: 1,5; 4,0), superando la tendencia de estancamiento en la población brasileña. Ya la adquisición de refrescos y galletas, que no fue objeto de la intervención, acompañó la tendencia creciente de consumo de estos productos (+5,8 p.p.; IC95%: 3,3; 8,4). Las familias que aumentaron la adquisición de refrescos y galletas presentaron menores aumentos, o decrementos, en la adquisición de frutas y hortalizas (p < 0,05) y tuvieron una probabilidad casi cuatro veces menor de experimentar algún aumento en la disponibilidad intradomiciliaria de frutas y hortalizas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Verduras , Bebidas/estatística & dados numéricos , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Frutas , Promoção da Saúde , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil , Inquéritos sobre DietasRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to analyze the consumption of high-sugar foods by Brazilian schoolchildren and to identify associated factors, based on data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2012). Consumption of these foods was classified as: do not consume sweets and soft drinks regularly; consume sweets or soft drinks regularly; and consume sweets and soft drinks regularly. Its association with sociodemographic information, eating habits, and family contexts were investigated via multiple ordinal regressions. Regular consumption of sweets and/or soft drinks was reported by 19.2% and 36.1% of adolescents, respectively, and higher prevalence was associated with female gender, age 14-15 years, higher maternal education, not living with the mother and father, not eating meals with the parents, eating while watching TV, and longer TV time. Nearly one-fifth of adolescents regularly consumed sweets and soft drinks, which was associated with socio-demographic and behavioral factors that should be targeted in order to improve their food consumption.
Resumo Objetivou-se analisar o consumo de alimentos ricos em açúcar entre estudantes brasileiros e identificar seus fatores associados. Utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2012). O consumo desses alimentos foi classificado como: não consomem guloseimas/refrigerantes regularmente; consomem guloseimas ou refrigerantes regularmente; consomem guloseimas e refrigerantes regularmente. Fatores sociodemográficos, alimentares e familiares associados foram avaliados por regressão ordinal múltipla. O consumo regular de guloseimas e/ou refrigerantes foi relatado por 19,2% e 36,1% dos adolescentes, respectivamente, sendo mais prevalente entre estudantes do sexo feminino, com 14-15 anos de idade, com maior escolaridade materna, que não viviam com a mãe e o pai, que não realizam as refeições com os pais, que comiam assistindo TV e que passavam mais tempo diante da TV. Quase 1/5 dos adolescentes consumia guloseimas e refrigerantes regularmente, condição associada a fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais, os quais devem ser priorizados visando a melhorar seu consumo alimentar.
Resumen Se tuvo como objetivo analizar el consumo de alimentos ricos en azúcar entre estudiantes brasileños e identificar sus factores asociados. Se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar (PeNSE 2012). El consumo de estos alimentos fue clasificado como: no consumen golosinas/refrescos regularmente; consumen golosinas o refrescos regularmente; consumen golosinas y refrescos regularmente. Factores sociodemográficos, alimentarios y familiares asociados fueron evaluados por regresión ordinal múltiple. El consumo regular de golosinas y/o refrescos fue relatado por 19,2% y 36,1% de los adolescentes, respectivamente, siendo más prevalente entre estudiantes del sexo femenino, con 14-15 años de edad, con mayor escolaridad materna, que no vivían con la madre y el padre, que no realizan las comidas con los padres, que comían viendo TV y que pasaban más tiempo viendo TV. Casi 1/5 de los adolescentes consumía golosinas y refrescos regularmente, condición asociada a factores sociodemográficos y de comportamiento, que deben ser observados como prioridad para mejorar el consumo alimenticio.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Bebidas Gaseificadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Alimentar , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
This study aimed to analyze the consumption of high-sugar foods by Brazilian schoolchildren and to identify associated factors, based on data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2012). Consumption of these foods was classified as: do not consume sweets and soft drinks regularly; consume sweets or soft drinks regularly; and consume sweets and soft drinks regularly. Its association with sociodemographic information, eating habits, and family contexts were investigated via multiple ordinal regressions. Regular consumption of sweets and/or soft drinks was reported by 19.2% and 36.1% of adolescents, respectively, and higher prevalence was associated with female gender, age 14-15 years, higher maternal education, not living with the mother and father, not eating meals with the parents, eating while watching TV, and longer TV time. Nearly one-fifth of adolescents regularly consumed sweets and soft drinks, which was associated with socio-demographic and behavioral factors that should be targeted in order to improve their food consumption.
Assuntos
Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Bebidas Gaseificadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Alimentar , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
A school-based cross-sectional study in 2007 evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of daily consumption of soft drinks, sweets and fried foods among adolescents (15 to 20 years of age) in public schools in Caruaru in the state of Pernambuco. To evaluate the factors associated with the daily consumption of the above foods, a multivariate and hierarchical analysis was conducted using Poisson regression, with social and demographic variables at the first hierarchical level, behavioral variables at the second level and dietary standards at the third level. Consumption of soft drinks, sweets and fried foods at least once a week was declared by 90.9%, 95.4% and 89.6% of the adolescents, respectively. The corresponding prevalence of the daily consumption of these items was 30.2%, 42% and 28.3%. The daily consumption of sweets was 21% higher among girls and 25% higher among adolescents who ate rice and beans daily. With respect to fried foods, girls mentioned 37% greater consumption than boys. Adolescents who consumed meat every day admitted a 43% higher daily consumption of fried foods. The consumption of soft drinks, sweets and fried foods among the adolescents from Caruaru was high and showed a homogeneous consumption standard for most variables analyzed.
Assuntos
Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Bebidas Gaseificadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Dieta , Gorduras na Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Adolescente , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Alimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Family expenditures on food for children may represent an important barrier to the adoption of healthy feeding practices in populations of low socioeconomic status. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between cariogenic feeding practices, expenditures on food for children and dental caries. This cross-sectional study included 329 four-year-old children from São Leopoldo in southern Brazil. Cariogenic dietary practices were assessed at 4 years of age using two 24-hour recalls conducted with the children's mothers. Expenditures on food for children were estimated based on all reported food items and the respective amounts ingested. Early childhood caries and severe early childhood caries were assessed by clinical examination at 4 years of age. Cariogenic dietary habits were not associated with lower food expenditures. On the contrary, in multivariable regression analysis, the intake of chocolate (p = 0.007), soft drinks (p = 0.027) and a higher number of meals and snacks per day (p < 0.001) was associated with greater expenditures on food for children. No statistically significant differences were observed in food expenditures or in the proportion of household income spent on feeding children between caries-free children, those with early childhood caries and those with severe early childhood caries. In conclusion, keeping children free of dental caries does not necessarily increase food expenditures or the proportion of household income spent on feeding children in low-socioeconomic status populations. Some cariogenic dietary practices were associated with greater expenditures on child feeding.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Dieta Cariogênica/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Alimentos/economia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cacau , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Bebidas Gaseificadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pré-Escolar , Custos e Análise de Custo , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Escolaridade , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Refeições , Carne/estatística & dados numéricos , Mães/educação , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Lanches , Classe SocialRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of weekly and daily schemes of preventive supplementation with supplementary iron to prevent iron deficiency anemia in non-anemic infants. METHODS: A prospective population study with a quantitative approach and preventive intervention was performed in the city of Viçosa, Southeastern Brazil, in 2007-8. A total of 103 non-anemic children, aged between six and 18 months of age, were selected, corresponding to 20.2% of the children registered with and cared for by Equipes de Saúde da Família (Family Health Teams). Children were divided into two supplementation groups: daily dosage recommended by the Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (Brazilian Society of Pediatrics) (group 1, n=34) and weekly dosage recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (group 2, n=69). Assessments were made in the beginning of the study and after six months, with hemoglobin dosage (portable ss-Hemoglobin-meter) and anthropometric and dietary assessments being performed and socioeconomic questionnaire applied. Impact indicators used were prevalence of anemia, hemoglobin variation, adherence to and side effects of supplements. RESULTS: Groups were homogeneous in terms of socioeconomic, biological and before-intervention health variables. After six months of supplementation, higher means of hemoglobin were found in group 1 than in group 2 (11.66; SD=1.25 and 10.95; SD=1.41, respectively, p=0.015); in addition to lower prevalences of anemia (20.6% and 43.5%, respectively, p=0.04). Only 'supplementation time' influenced severe anemia (p=0.009). Statistically significant differences were not found for the 'adherence to supplementation' and 'side effects' variables. CONCLUSIONS: The daily dosage recommended by the Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria was found to be more effective to prevent anemia in infants, when compared to the dosage used by the Ministry of Health. The weekly dosage recommended by the Brazilian government program needs to be reviewed to increase the effectiveness of prevention of anemia in infants cared for in public health services.