RESUMO
Vitamins and minerals have essential functions in the body, from signal transduction to acting as cofactors for numerous enzymatic processes. Nutritional deficiencies and excess of certain vitamins and minerals can have profound effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems from early development into adulthood. This article summarizes the role of various nutritional factors in the nervous system and the neurological symptoms that can arise from deficiency or excess.
Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Distúrbios Nutricionais/complicações , Animais , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Micronutrientes/deficiência , Micronutrientes/toxicidade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/diagnóstico por imagem , Distúrbios Nutricionais/fisiopatologia , Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Medula Espinal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Niño de 3 años de edad que consultó por desnutrición grave, retraso del crecimiento, distención abdominal desde los 6 meses de vida y deposiciones diarreicas intermitentes
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Distúrbios Nutricionais/diagnóstico , Distúrbios Nutricionais/classificação , Distúrbios Nutricionais/diagnóstico por imagem , Diarreia Infantil/classificação , Diarreia Infantil/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Crescimento/classificação , Transtornos do Crescimento/diagnósticoRESUMO
Ultrasonographic, blinded assessment was made of the extent of hepatic steatosis in 55 children with severe malnutrition: undernutrition (n = 6), marasmus (n = 18), marasmickwashiorkor (n = 17), and kwashiorkor (n = 14). The children were examined on admission, in early recovery (considered as baseline), and again at discharge. Eleven healthy control children and eight of the previously malnourished children were studied as comparison groups. Both oedematous and non-oedematous malnourished children had significantly more steatosis than the comparison groups at each time. Children with oedematous malnutrition had significantly greater steatosis than non-oedematous children at admission. Half of the non-oedematous malnourished children had appreciable hepatic steatosis at both admission and at baseline. Hepatic fat was only slowly mobilised. The rate constant was 1.4 +/- 0.3%/day. One quarter of the children did not change steatosis grades during the period they were in hospital. There was no overall correlation between the extent of steatosis and liver size. Hepatic steatosis in childhood malnutrition is not confined to oedematous children: it is frequently present in marasmic and undernourished children. Its extent is not necessarily related to the degree of hepatomegaly and accumulated lipid is only slowly mobilised.
Assuntos
Fígado Gorduroso/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Distúrbios Nutricionais/diagnóstico por imagem , Pré-Escolar , Edema , Fígado Gorduroso/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Fígado/patologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Distúrbios Nutricionais/patologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
This study was undertaken to investigate pancreatic changes associated with phasic insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (PIDDM). Twelve PIDDM patients were studied. They were compared with groups of patients, 10 insulin dependent (IDDM), 10 non-insulin dependent (NIDDM), and 10 normal controls. Each group was matched for age, sex, and body mass index. For the study, the mean age was 56.7 +/- 2.5 years, mean body mass index 24.0 +/- 0.8, and mean duration of diabetes 14.2 +/- 2.2 years. Flat abdominal radiograph and ultrasonography were performed on each participant. The results suggest an increased echogenicity of the pancreas in the phasic insulin dependent group of patients.