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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol;88(6): 351-358, dic. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530033

RESUMO

Objetivo: Reportar el resultado a largo plazo de una serie de fetos con agenesia del septum pellucidum aislada (ASP), con medición de su quiasma óptico mediante neurosonografía fetal (NSG). Método: Se incluyeron todas las pacientes con ASP y NSG evaluadas desde el año 2008 a la fecha y con seguimiento hasta su edad escolar. En todos los casos se consignaron los datos clínicos de NSG y de resonancia magnética (RM), cuando esta se realizó. Se entrevistó telefónicamente a los padres. Resultados: Nueve pacientes cumplieron los criterios: cuatro con displasia septo-óptica (DSO) (rango de seguimiento: 5-14 años) y cinco sin DSO (rango de seguimiento: 7-10 años). Un décimo caso se excluyó por tener solo 6 meses de seguimiento. Ninguna de las ASP tuvo otra anomalía detectada en su seguimiento. Ninguno de los casos con DSO tuvo alteración del tamaño de su quiasma óptico en la NSG ni anormalidad en la vía óptica en la RM. Conclusiones: En nuestra población, el riesgo residual de DSO frente a ASP es del 44,4%. En el seguimiento, nuestra definición de ASP por NSG no tuvo falsos negativos con relación a otras anomalías de aparición posnatal, a excepción de la DSO.


Objective: To report the long-term outcome of a series of fetuses with isolated septum pellucidum agenesis (ASP) with measurement of their optic chiasm by fetal neurosonography (NSG). Method: All patients with ASP and NSG evaluated from 2008 to date and with follow-up until their school age were included. In all cases, clinical, NSG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were recorded. Parents were interviewed by telephone. Results: Nine patients met the criteria: four with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) (follow-up range: 5-14 years) and five without SOD (follow-up range: 7-10 years). A tenth case was excluded because only 6 months of follow-up. None of the ASP cases had another anomaly detected in their follow-up. None of the cases with DSO had anomaly of the size of their optic chiasm on NSG or abnormality in the optical pathway in the MRI. Conclusions: In our population, the residual risk of DSO versus ASP is 44.4%. At follow-up, our NSG definition of ASP had no false negatives in relation to other postnatal-onset anomalies, except for SOD.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Quiasma Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Septo Pelúcido/anormalidades , Septo Pelúcido/diagnóstico por imagem , Displasia Septo-Óptica/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Feto
2.
Fetal Diagn Ther ; 50(3): 165-174, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37015213

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The detection of absent septi pellucidi (ASP) during obstetric ultrasound is a rare event. However, the clinical implications of this finding are significant. ASP can be associated with severe central nervous system anomalies such as holoprosencephaly, agenesis/dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, schizencephaly, severe ventriculomegaly, and open neural tube defects. In such cases, the prognosis is poor. When no such anomalies are identified, isolated ASP usually carries a good prognosis. However, some fetuses thought to have isolated ASP actually have septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), which is associated with optic nerve hypoplasia, hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, and developmental delay. CASE PRESENTATION: A case in which fetal 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was considered crucial to definitively diagnose isolated ASP is presented. A review of the literature was conducted and analyzed to determine the role of MRI in the evaluation of fetuses with ASP, with special consideration on the differential diagnosis between isolated ASP and SOD. CONCLUSION: Differentiating isolated ASP from SOD is imperative for adequate prenatal counseling. Unfortunately, making a prenatal diagnosis of SOD requires visualization and evaluation of the fetal optic nerves, chiasm, and pituitary gland, which is very demanding and not always possible using ultrasound. Fetal MRI has the potential of obtaining high-quality images of the fetal brain, and therefore this technique can be used for establishing the differential diagnosis in utero.


Assuntos
Malformações do Sistema Nervoso , Displasia Septo-Óptica , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Displasia Septo-Óptica/diagnóstico por imagem , Displasia Septo-Óptica/complicações , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Feto/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Agenesia do Corpo Caloso/complicações
7.
Med. infant ; 17(2): 115-120, Junio 2010. ilus, Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1247592

RESUMO

La displasia septo-óptica (DSO) es una condición rara y altamente heterogénea, definida por la combinación de hipoplasia del nervio óptico (HNO), malformaciones cerebrales de la línea media, tales como aplasia/hipoplasia de septum pellucidum y cuerpo calloso, e insuficiencia hipotálamo-hipofisaria de grado variable. Se realizó un trabajo que tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la población de pacientes con diagnóstico de DSO seguidos en nuestro Hospital durante 7 años. Se incluyeron 46 pacientes (18 mujeres) que fueron divididos en 2 grupos, según tuviesen o no insuficiencia hipotálamo-hipofisaria (IHH). El 58.7% (n=27) presentó IHH de algún tipo, mientras que el 41.3% (n=19) no la presentó. En aquellos 19 pacientes con IHH se diagnosticaron deficiencia de GH y TSH (85.1%) y de ACTH (48.1%). La longitud corporal (mediana) del grupo con IHH fue más baja (p = 0,01) que la del grupo sin IHH, a pesar de que la edad fue menor a 2 años en todos los casos. Los pacientes fueron seguidos 1,3-8,3 años. Se observaron incidencias similares de agenesia del cuerpo calloso, del septum pellucidum, y ventriculomegalia, pero las alteraciones del desarrollo cortical se observaron con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes sin IHH. La ictericia neonatal, convulsiones y/o hipoglucemia, y micropene en neonatos y lactantes con DSO se presentaron en el subgrupo con IHH. El 58,7% de los pacientes con DSO presentaron algún grado de insuficiencia hipotálamo-hipofisaria. En la mayoría de los casos el diagnóstico de IHH no se realizó en el momento de aparición de los síntomas, sino más tardíamente en su seguimiento. En el 45% de los pacientes se evaluaron alteraciones radiológicas del SNC, específicamente en la región hipofisaria. Una fracción importante de las deficiencias de TSH/T4 (36,4%), GH (50%) y ACTH (23%) aparecieron mas tardíamente en el curso de la evolución. En 10 niños con déficit de hormona de crecimiento (2 tests farmacológicos sin respuesta) se realizó el tratamiento sustitutivo con rhGH (durante un periodo de 4±3 años), observándose una mejoría promedio de + 1,5 SDS en la talla de estos pacientes. En conclusión, la hipoplasia neonatal de nervios ópticos, asociada o no a ictericia e hipoglucemia, debe ser un signo de alarma para el diagnóstico de DSO, con riesgo de insuficiencia suprarrenal, shock y muerte, y puede requerir, por lo tanto, urgente tratamiento. Las deficiencias pueden aparecer en el curso de la evolución, a pesar del carácter congénito de la anomalía. Finalmente, se deben sustituir las deficiencias hormonales y tener presente que el tratamiento con rhGH puede mejorar la talla final en estos pacientes (AU)


Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare and highly heterogeneous condition consisting of a combination of optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), midline brain abnormalities, such as aplasia/hypoplasia of the septum pellucidum (ASP) and corpus callosum; and variable degree of hypoyalamo-pituitary insufficiency. The aim of this study was to characterize a population of SOD patients diagnosed and followed at the Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, from 1989 to 2006. We included 46 patients (18 females), that were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency (IHH). Fifty nine% of SOD patients presented with IHH. GH and TSH deficiencies were diagnosed in 85.1% of IHH patients, while ACTH deficiency was found in 48.1%. Height (median) for the IHH group was shorter (p = 0,01) than for the group without IHH. Patients were followed for 1.3-8.3 years. Similar incidence of corpus callosum and/or septum pellucidum agenesis and ventriculomegaly were found in the two groups, but we observed more association with cortical developmental disorders in patients without IHH. In newborns, the association of ophthalmologic disorders and jaundice, seizures and/or hypoglycemia and micropene should frequently lead to the diagnosis of SOD and IHH. While 58,7% of DSO patients presented with hypothalamic-pituitary deficiency, only 45% of them showed sellar radiological abnormalities. Although SOD is a congenital disease, hormonal deficiencies may appear during follow-up. In 10 children with SOD and GH deficiency, rhGh treatment (for 4±3 years) improved height in 1.5 SDSs. In conclusion: in newborns with nerve optic hypoplasia, associated or not with jaundice, seizures and hypoglycaemia, the diagnosis of SOD and IHH should be considered. Treatment could be an emergency need because of risk of adrenal insufficiency and hypoglycemia (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Septo Pelúcido/anormalidades , Displasia Septo-Óptica/diagnóstico , Displasia Septo-Óptica/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipoplasia do Nervo Óptico , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/anormalidades , Hormônio do Crescimento/deficiência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos
8.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 61(3A): 671-6, 2003 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14513179

RESUMO

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a syndrome composed by optic nerve and septum pellucidum dysgenesis. It has been classified into two subsets according to the embryogenesis and the neuropathological findings. Basically, the difference between these two groups is the presence or not of schizencephaly. The term SOD-Plus was recently proposed to describe SOD associated with cortical dysplasia. We report a 6-month-old female patient who presented absent visual fixation since 4 months of age and delayed psychomotor development. Neurological examination demonstrated spastic left hemiparesis and ophtalmological evaluation revealed bilateral optic disc hypoplasia. The head computed tomography (CT) scan showed absence of the septum pellucidum, ventricular asymmetry and schizencephaly. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed complete absence of the septum pellucidum associated to optic nerves and chiasma atrophy, schizencephaly and cortical dysplasia. The patient underwent an evoked potential examination with flash stimulation, which revealed bilateral absence of cortical evoked potential. She was referred to visual stimulation and physiotherapy. We emphasize the neuroimaging of this syndrome and stress the importance of the clinical investigation for patients with septum pellucidum dysgenesis on MRI or CT scans.


Assuntos
Nervo Óptico/anormalidades , Displasia Septo-Óptica/patologia , Septo Pelúcido/anormalidades , Algoritmos , Potenciais Evocados , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Displasia Septo-Óptica/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
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