RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Population heterogeneity and the lack of clinical and sociodemographic information in transgender individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) remains a challenge for specialized services in mental health and surgical procedures. It aimed to identify and describe profiles in a sample waiting for gender-affirming surgery. METHODS: A sample of 100 outpatients with GD was assessed through a structured interview, Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (DERS), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Life Satisfaction scale (SWLS). Cluster analysis was used to identify different profile categories. RESULTS: Two subgroups with different profiles were identified: with less clinical severity (LCS) and with high clinical severity (HCS) on emotional dysregulation, acute symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and association with mental rumination. The HCS cluster had greater vulnerability in terms of psychiatric history, use of psychotropic drugs, HIV positive, child abuse and suicidal behavior. CONCLUSION: Different profiles were found regarding the vulnerability to mental health in a sample of transgender people with GD who seek a public hospital service for the same clinical-surgical objective. Longitudinal studies are essential to monitor the impact of these contrasts and to target personalized therapeutic approaches in the prevention of psychiatric disorders.
Assuntos
Disforia de Gênero , Pessoas Transgênero , Brasil , Criança , Disforia de Gênero/psicologia , Disforia de Gênero/cirurgia , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Ideação Suicida , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologiaRESUMO
La mastectomía bilateral en pacientes transexuales de mujer a hombre es uno de los primeros procedimientos quirúrgicos y cuyos resultados son la creación de una pared torácica para el paciente trans. Su anatomía diferente y sus componentes serán reubicados y correspondidos con el de un paciente femenino. Se obtiene, entonces, un tórax estéticamente agradable en el cual la base está en la ubicación del complejo areola pezón (CAP), que será reposicionado y se cambiará de tamaño acorde al sexo reasignado. La técnica quirúrgica elegida ha sido conservando la irrigación del pedículo inferior y con conservación del CAP, el cual luego será reposicionado y modificado con respecto a su tamaño. Y en segundo tiempo su conformación final. Revisión y actualización tanto de la estética como la satisfacción del paciente trans.
Bilateral mastectomy in female-to-male transsexual patients is one of the first surgical procedures and whose results are the creation of a thoracic wall for the trans patient, its different anatomical and its components will be relocated and matched with that of a patient female. An aesthetically pleasing thorax is then obtained in which the base is in the location of the nipple areola complex (CAP), it will be repositioned and it will be resized according to the reassigned sex. The surgical technique chosen has been conserving the irrigation of the lower pedicle and conserving the CAP, which will then be repositioned and modified with respect to its size. And in the second time its final conformation. Review and update of both the aesthetics and satisfaction of the trans patient.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Mastectomia Subcutânea/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Mamoplastia , Pessoas Transgênero , Liberação de Cirurgia , Disforia de Gênero/cirurgiaRESUMO
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Insufficient penile skin is common during vaginoplasty for male-to-female transition. This issue may be compensated by a scrotal skin flap, with the drawback of hair growth [1]. In recent studies, Nile tilapia skin was successfully used for the surgical management of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome [2,3] and vaginal stenosis [4,5]. This study aims to describe a novel technique for primary vaginoplasty in male-to-female gender-affirming surgery using Nile tilapia skin as a biocompatible graft to ensure adequate vaginal depth. DESIGN: Stepwise demonstration of the procedure with narrated video footage. SETTING: Transgender health clinic. INTERVENTIONS: A 29-year-old patient with gender dysphoria was referred to our office because of a desire for gender-affirming surgery. A physical examination revealed normal male genitalia with a 14-cm-long penis. Before surgery, approval from the institutional review board and written permission from the patient were obtained. After orchiectomy, penile disassembly, perineal dissection, and urethroplasty were performed, and a hollow Nile tilapia skin mold was prepared and sutured to the distal edge of the remaining penile skin. This structure was inverted, covering the newly created canal. The neocavity was then filled with a handmade inflatable vaginal mold, held in place by sutures in the labia majora. Finally, labiaplasty and clitoroplasty were conducted. After 7 days, the inflatable mold was removed, and the use of progressively larger dilators was initiated. After 3 weeks, a neovagina that was 16 cm long and able to accommodate the width of 2 fingers was detected. At that time, the Nile tilapia skin was completely reabsorbed into the neovaginal mucosa. There were no complications in the early postsurgical period. CONCLUSION: Nile tilapia skin, a safe, low-cost, and easy-to-use biocompatible material, may be an alternative option to scrotal skin grafts for neovaginal augmentation in primary vaginoplasty for male-to-female gender transition. However, further studies are needed to confirm this assertive.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos , Disforia de Gênero/cirurgia , Cirurgia de Readequação Sexual/métodos , Transplante de Pele/métodos , Estruturas Criadas Cirurgicamente , Adulto , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Feminino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Orquiectomia , Pênis/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Transplante de Pele/veterinária , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/cirurgia , Transplante Heterólogo , Transplante Heterotópico , Transexualidade/cirurgia , Vagina/cirurgiaRESUMO
The landscape of gender dysphoria has changed dramatically in recent years secondary to increased societal acceptance, legislative changes, and medical providers' increased awareness of the associated psychosocial burden associated with the diagnosis. National and global advocacy efforts, in conjunction with expanded third-party insurance coverage, have resulted in new health care opportunities for patients suffering from gender dysphoria. Delivering quality, streamlined health care to these patients requires a complex multidisciplinary approach, involving multiple medical and mental health disciplines, including plastic surgeons. To accommodate the expanding demand for gender-affirmation surgery, academic medical centers specializing in these procedures are gradually emerging. Advancing surgical techniques in the setting of rising patient demand encourage plastic surgeons to increasingly provide high-quality health care to this diverse patient population in an effort to optimize psychosocial functioning and minimize the burden of gender dysphoria. Although the current literature is replete with the evolving surgical and technical approaches to gender-affirming surgery, there remain critical gaps in the plastic surgery literature describing the delivery of comprehensive care to these patients. To address these gaps, the authors establish a framework that plastic surgeons can use to guide their management of patients with gender dysphoria to optimize surgical and psychosocial outcomes. First, the authors describe a timeline of events that have shaped present-day transgender medicine and characterize the current role of the plastic surgeon in the management of gender dysphoria. Subsequently, the authors discuss psychosocial and ethical considerations surrounding gender dysphoria. Finally, the authors discuss the future scope of transgender medicine.
Assuntos
Disforia de Gênero/cirurgia , Cirurgia Plástica , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Papel do Médico , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Cirurgia Plástica/ética , Cirurgia Plástica/história , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION:: Transsexualism (ICD-10) is a condition characterized by a strong and persistent dissociation with one's assigned gender. Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) and hormone therapy provide a means of allowing transsexual individuals to feel more congruent with their gender and have played a major role in treatment over the past 70 years. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) appears to play a key role in recovery from acute surgical trauma and environmentally mediated vulnerability to psychopathology. We hypothesize that BDNF may be a biomarker of alleviation of gender incongruence suffering. OBJECTIVES:: To measure preoperative and postoperative serum BDNF levels in transsexual individuals as a biomarker of alleviation of stress related to gender incongruence after SRS. METHODS:: Thirty-two male-to-female transsexual people who underwent both surgery and hormonal treatment were selected from our initial sample. BDNF serum levels were assessed before and after SRS with sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The time elapsed between the pre-SRS and post-SRS blood collections was also measured. RESULTS:: No significant difference was found in pre-SRS or post-SRS BDNF levels or with relation to the time elapsed after SRS when BDNF levels were measured. CONCLUSION:: Alleviation of the suffering related to gender incongruence after SRS cannot be assessed by BDNF alone. Surgical solutions may not provide a quick fix for psychological distress associated with transsexualism and SRS may serve as one step toward, rather than as the conclusion of, construction of a person's gender identity.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Disforia de Gênero/sangue , Cirurgia de Readequação Sexual , Estresse Psicológico/sangue , Transexualidade/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Análise Química do Sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Disforia de Gênero/tratamento farmacológico , Disforia de Gênero/psicologia , Disforia de Gênero/cirurgia , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Humanos , Masculino , Período Pós-Operatório , Período Pré-Operatório , Estudos Prospectivos , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologia , Transexualidade/tratamento farmacológico , Transexualidade/psicologia , Transexualidade/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Transsexualism (ICD-10) is a condition characterized by a strong and persistent dissociation with one's assigned gender. Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) and hormone therapy provide a means of allowing transsexual individuals to feel more congruent with their gender and have played a major role in treatment over the past 70 years. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) appears to play a key role in recovery from acute surgical trauma and environmentally mediated vulnerability to psychopathology. We hypothesize that BDNF may be a biomarker of alleviation of gender incongruence suffering. Objectives: To measure preoperative and postoperative serum BDNF levels in transsexual individuals as a biomarker of alleviation of stress related to gender incongruence after SRS. Methods: Thirty-two male-to-female transsexual people who underwent both surgery and hormonal treatment were selected from our initial sample. BDNF serum levels were assessed before and after SRS with sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The time elapsed between the pre-SRS and post-SRS blood collections was also measured. Results: No significant difference was found in pre-SRS or post-SRS BDNF levels or with relation to the time elapsed after SRS when BDNF levels were measured. Conclusion: Alleviation of the suffering related to gender incongruence after SRS cannot be assessed by BDNF alone. Surgical solutions may not provide a quick fix for psychological distress associated with transsexualism and SRS may serve as one step toward, rather than as the conclusion of, construction of a person's gender identity.
Resumo Introdução: O transexualismo (CID-10) é uma condição caracterizada por forte e persistente dissociação com o gênero atribuído. A cirurgia de redesignação sexual (CRS) e a terapia hormonal (TH) permitem que indivíduos transexuais se sintam mais congruentes com seu gênero e, por isso, têm desempenhado papel importante nos últimos 70 anos. O fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) parece desempenhar um papel fundamental na recuperação do trauma cirúrgico agudo e vulnerabilidade ambiental à psicopatologia. Nós hipotetizamos que o BDNF pode ser um biomarcador de alívio do sofrimento de incongruência de gênero pós-CRS. Objetivos: Mensurar os níveis séricos de BDNF no pré e pós-operatório em indivíduos transexuais como biomarcador de alívio de estresse relacionado à incongruência de gênero após a CRS. Métodos: Trinta e duas pessoas transexuais masculino para feminino submetidas a cirurgia e tratamento hormonal foram selecionadas de nossa amostra inicial. O nível sérico de BDNF foi avaliado antes e depois da CRS pela técnica ELISA. O tempo decorrido entre as coletas de sangue pré e pós-CRS foi medido. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa nos níveis de BDNF pré e pós-CRS ou em relação ao tempo decorrido entre a CRS e a coleta. Conclusão: O alívio do sofrimento relacionado à incongruência de gênero pós-CRS não pode ser avaliado apenas pelo BDNF. Soluções cirúrgicas podem não fornecer uma solução rápida para o sofrimento associado ao transexualismo, e a CRS pode servir como um passo em direção à, em vez de conclusão da, construção da identidade de gênero de uma pessoa.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estresse Psicológico/sangue , Transexualidade/sangue , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Cirurgia de Readequação Sexual , Disforia de Gênero/sangue , Período Pós-Operatório , Transexualidade/cirurgia , Transexualidade/psicologia , Transexualidade/tratamento farmacológico , Análise Química do Sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Biomarcadores/sangue , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Período Pré-Operatório , Disforia de Gênero/cirurgia , Disforia de Gênero/psicologia , Disforia de Gênero/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
We report a case of gender dysphoria (GD) in a 62-year-old genetic female patient, raising the pros and cons of performing corrective surgery later in life. This 46,XX DSD patient was registered and reared as a girl; CAH was diagnosed late in childhood. Poor adherence to treatment and lack of proper psychological management contributed to evident GD. Living for years as a male, the patient applied for a legitimate male identification document in his late 50s; thereafter, he requested a sex-reassignment surgery "to disguise his female body upon his death." We informed the patient and family about surgery hazards, while analytical therapy allowed the group to evaluate the actual wish for surgery. When the wish was brought up, the role of death urged the group to rethink the course of treatment. During the process, it became clear that the patient's desire for surgery, more than a wish for changing the genitalia, expressed an impulse related to issues of endorsement and acceptance of his male identity. This report raises interesting questions about sexuality in a social context and prompts the idea that sexuality is broader than sex itself, raising new questions on the psychological risks faced when considering a body change after years of living with a disorder of sex development.