RESUMO
Reconstructing some of the experiences of people living with tuberculosis in Argentina in the first half of the twentieth century, as reflected not only in written and oral accounts but also in individual and collective actions, this article explores the ways in which patients came to grips with medical expertise in times of biomedical uncertainty. These negotiations, which inevitably included adaptations as well as confrontations, highlight a much less passive and submissive patient-physician relationship than is often assumed. Though patients were certainly subordinate to medical doctors' knowledge and practices, that subordination, far from absolute, was limited and often overthrown. The article focuses on patients' demands to gain access to a vaccine not approved by the medical establishment. By engaging with media organizations, the sick invoked their "right to health" in order to obtain access to experimental treatments when biomedicine was unable to deliver efficient therapies.
Assuntos
Política de Saúde/história , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/história , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Negociação , Direitos do Paciente , Pacientes/história , Papel do Médico , Relações Médico-Paciente , Vacinas contra a Tuberculose/história , Tuberculose/história , Argentina/epidemiologia , Terapias Complementares/história , Terapias Complementares/métodos , Congressos como Assunto , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , História do Século XX , Direitos Humanos , Humanos , Meios de Comunicação de Massa/história , Direitos do Paciente/história , Pacientes/psicologia , Papel do Médico/história , Relações Médico-Paciente/ética , Descanso , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/terapia , Vacinas contra a Tuberculose/administração & dosagem , IncertezaRESUMO
If the aphorism "history will be the judge" is deployed, the active agent of this formulation is the historian. Comparing two great(ly infamous) doctors,John C. Cutler and Alan Berkman, the article considers how historians balance digging for sources, creating meaningful narrative, and acknowledging our own beliefs that embed in the judgments we make. The article explores our responsibility for balance and moral judgment at the same time. Cutler, admonished for his role in the infamous sexually transmitted diseases studies in Tuskegee and Guatemala, also was a well-respected researcher and teacher. Berkman, renowned for his success in global HIV/AIDs activism, was also only the second physician in U.S. history to be charged with accessory to murder after the fact and who served seven hard years for bombings and robbery. The author considers her relationship to these physicians and the effort to create a passionate historical practice.
Assuntos
Direitos do Paciente/história , Médicos/história , Julgamento Moral Retrospectivo , Sífilis/história , Guatemala , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Mississippi , Direitos do Paciente/ética , Médicos/ética , Política , África do Sul , Sífilis/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
During the first half of the twentieth century, the presence of leprosy in modern societies provoked various reactions. As ancient prejudices had not disappeared yet, the medical-legal discourse dealt with a problem that exceeded the strictly sanitary framework. From a scientific perspective, this paper analyzes the way in which answers find that seemed the population and the future of the race in the physical and symbolic isolation of the leper, were developed in Argentina. In that context, the eugenics legitimated strong restrictions of rights to sick persons on whom this ancestral stigma continued to carry much weight.
Assuntos
Direitos Civis , Eugenia (Ciência) , Hanseníase , Isolamento de Pacientes , Direitos do Paciente , Saúde Pública , Argentina/etnologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Direitos Civis/economia , Direitos Civis/educação , Direitos Civis/história , Direitos Civis/psicologia , Eugenia (Ciência)/história , História do Século XX , Jurisprudência/história , Hanseníase/etnologia , Hanseníase/história , Hanseníase/psicologia , Isolamento de Pacientes/história , Isolamento de Pacientes/psicologia , Direitos do Paciente/história , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/economia , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/história , Saúde Pública/economia , Saúde Pública/educação , Saúde Pública/história , Condições Sociais/economia , Condições Sociais/história , EstereotipagemRESUMO
The article explores the evolution of the Brazilian republic's laws and norms on mental illness during three periods. The first (1890-1910) saw the topic of mental pathology introduced into the State's realm of interest, with the main concern being to recognize and preserve the rights of those displaying such pathologies. During this period, mental alterations were understood in terms of neuropathology. The following period (1911-1945) saw expansion of government initiatives, with the same concerns as the previous period. The interpretation of mental illness did not undergo any major changes, although it broadened in scope. Marked by a discontinuity in relation to previous times, Brazil's developmentalist period (1946-1982) saw an economic developmentalist spirit hold sway, underpinned by humanist thought of conservative propensity. It brought a vigorous growth in the number of Brazilian hospitals, while interest in protecting the mentally ill continued.