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PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of ibopamine (3,4 di-isobutyrrylester of N-methyldopamine), a D1-dopamine agonist, on intraocular pressure (IOP) in offspring of parents with primary openangle glaucoma as a consequence of outflow structures impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included participants aged between 8 and 40 years: group 1, 163 offspring of at least 1 parent with primary openangle glaucoma with normal IOP and without glaucomatous damages; group 2, 108 offspring of healthy parents (without history or existing glaucoma). Ibopamine test was performed by instilling 2 drops, 5 minutes apart, in both eyes followed by repeated IOP measurements over a 45-minute period. The test is considered positive if there is an IOP increase of ≥3 mm Hg 45 minutes after instillation. RESULTS: Baseline IOP before the test was 15.73±2.31 and 15.31±1.86 mm Hg in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Test was positive in 44.33% of cases in group 1 with a mean increase in IOP of 5.57 mm Hg (P<0.001), whereas in all participants of group 2 the test was negative with even 1 to 2 mm Hg IOP reduction. CONCLUSIONS: D1-dopaminergic stimulation due to ibopamine increases IOP as a result of increased production of the aqueous humor in participants with an impaired outflow. The study showed that offspring of at least 1 parent with primary openangle glaucoma--offspring without glaucomatous damages--show an increase of IOP after ibopamine administration, which signifies an impaired function of outflow structures and, therefore, a predisposition to intraocular hypertension and possible glaucoma.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da ibopamina a 2 por cento tópica e comparar a variação na pressão intraocular (PIO) em olhos com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto assimétrico (GPAA). MÉTODOS: Quinze pacientes (30 olhos) com GPAA com evolução assimétrica da neuropatia entre os dois olhos, onde comparamos em cada paciente a resposta a ibopamina e o defeito perimétrico, caracterizado por uma diferença de pelo menos 5dB de MD entre os olhos. O teste estatístico utilizado foi o t Student bicaudal e para significância estatística estabeleceu-se p <0,05. RESULTADOS: Em 80 por cento dos casos, (12/15 pacientes) o olho mais afetado pelo defeito perimétrico apresentou um aumento da PIO e/ou uma variaçã da PIO pós-ibopamina maior, sendo o resultado estatisticamente significativo (p<0,0001 e p = 0,0006), respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou que o defeito perimétrico no GPAA é significativamente relacionado com a positividade do teste de ibopamina sendo que olhos com maior defeito no campo visual apresentam maiores picos de PIO (max-PIO) pós-ibopamina e/ou uma maior variação em relação a sua PIO prévia ao teste (v-PIO).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the topic 2 percent ibopamine effect in the intraocular pressure (IOP) of eyes with assimetric primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: 15 patients (30 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma showing assimetric nerve disease evolution were assessed. We compared in all patients, the ibopamine response and the visual field defect between both eyes. The visual field, to be considered, should have at least 5 dB in MD difference between them. The statistical analysis was done with the Two-Tailed Student Test, with a Statistics significance of p<0.05. RESULTS: In 80 percent of the cases, (12/15 patients), the most affected eye in the visual field presented a greater variation and/or higher intraocular pressure after the ibopamine provocative test. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.00001 and p= 0.0006) respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the visual field defect in GPAA is significantly connected with the positivity of the ibopamine test. The most affected eyes in the visual field presented a higher intraocular pressure (max-PIO) and/or a greater variation (v-PIO) after the ibopamine provocativetest.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of 2% ibopamine eye drops on the results of computerized visual field exams. METHODS: Normal volunteers from CEROF-UFG were selected, with no variance in the ophthalmologic examination that could affect the visual field test. The volunteers underwent computerized visual field test before and after dilation with 2% ibopamine eye drop or cyclopentolate, with a minimum interval of three days between them and in a random order. Global indices and number of altered points were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Thirty eyes of 30 normal individuals were selected. There was no statistically significant difference on Mean Deviation (MD) before and after dilation with ibopamine (MD: -1.05 +/- 0.26 dB vs. -1.47 +/- 0.20 dB, P=0.08). However, after cycloplegia (MD: -3.19 +/- 0.29 dB), there was a significant difference on MD (P<0.001 for both ibopamine and pre-dilation). No significant difference was detected in the Pattern Standard Deviation when comparing ibopamine with pre-dilation and cycloplegia values, but it was statistically significant comparing pre-dilation to cycloplegia (P=0.04). The number of altered points in the Pattern Deviation graphic were not significant comparing all pairs. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of altered points in the total deviation graphic before dilation and after cycloplegia (n: 8.86 +/- 1.51 vs. 25.72 +/- 2.96 points, P<0.001), and comparing cycloplegia with ibopamine (ibopamine: 9.75 +/- 1.85 points, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Ibopamine 2% eye drops seem to not modify the results of visual field tests in normal individuals.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do uso do colírio de ibopamina a 2 por cento nos resultados da campimetria visual computadorizada em indivíduos normais. MÉTODOS: Voluntários oriundos do CEROF-UFG, sem alterações ao exame oftalmológico que pudessem afetar o campo visual foram selecionados. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a exame de perimetria computadorizada SITA-standard 24-2 antes e após dilatação com o colírio de ibopamina a 2 por cento ou ciclopentolato, com intervalo mínimo de 3 dias entre si e em ordem aleatória. Índices globais e número de pontos alterados foram comparados entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 30 olhos de 30 indivíduos normais. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o "mean deviation" (MD) nos pacientes não dilatados e nos mesmos após a instilação da ibopamina (MD: -1,05 ± 0,26 dB vs. -1,47 ± 0,20 dB, P=0,08), o que ocorreu após cicloplegia (MD: -3,19 ± 0,29 dB), P<0,001 para ambos. Na avaliação entre cicloplegia e pré-dilatação, nota-se significância para o "pattern standard deviation" (P=0,04), o que não ocorreu na avaliação com ibopamina. O número de pontos alterados no "pattern deviation" não apresentou diferença significativa entre todos os pares. Quanto ao número de pontos do "total deviation", houve diferença estatisticamente significativa antes da dilatação e após o uso do cicloplégico (n: 8,86 ± 1,51 vs. 25,72 ± 2,96 pontos, P<0,001) e entre olhos após a instilação do cicloplégico e da ibopamina (ibopamina: 9,75 ± 1,85 pontos, P<001). CONCLUSÃO: O colírio de ibopamina 2 por cento aparentemente não afeta os resultados da perimetria computadorizada em indivíduos normais.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of 2 percent ibopamine eye drops on the results of computerized visual field exams. METHODS: Normal volunteers from CEROF-UFG were selected, with no variance in the ophthalmologic examination that could affect the visual field test. The volunteers underwent computerized visual field test before and after dilation with 2 percent ibopamine eye drop or cyclopentolate, with a minimum interval of three days between them and in a random order. Global indices and number of altered points were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Thirty eyes of 30 normal individuals were selected. There was no statistically significant difference on Mean Deviation (MD) before and after dilation with ibopamine (MD: -1.05 ± 0.26 dB vs. -1.47 ± 0.20 dB, P=0.08). However, after cycloplegia (MD: -3.19 ± 0.29 dB), there was a significant difference on MD (P<0.001 for both ibopamine and pre-dilation). No significant difference was detected in the Pattern Standard Deviation when comparing ibopamine with pre-dilation and cycloplegia values, but it was statistically significant comparing pre-dilation to cycloplegia (P=0.04). The number of altered points in the Pattern Deviation graphic were not significant comparing all pairs. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of altered points in the total deviation graphic before dilation and after cycloplegia (n: 8.86 ± 1.51 vs. 25.72 ± 2.96 points, P<0.001), and comparing cycloplegia with ibopamine (ibopamine: 9.75 ± 1.85 points, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Ibopamine 2 percent eye drops seem to not modify the results of visual field tests in normal individuals.

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PURPOSE: To compare the 2% ibopamine provocative test with the water drinking test as a provocative test for glaucoma. METHODS: Primary open-angle glaucoma patients and normal individuals were selected from CEROF-Universidade Federal de Goiânia UFG, and underwent the 2% ibopamine provocative test and the water drinking test in a randomized fashion, at least 1 week apart. Intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after both tests, Bland-Altman graph, sensitivity and specificity (as measured by ROC curves) were obtained for both methods. RESULTS: Forty-seven eyes from 25 patients were included (27 eyes from 15 glaucoma patients and 20 eyes from 10 normal individuals), with a mean age of 54.2 +/- 12.7 years. The mean MD of glaucoma patients was -2.8 +/- 2.11 dB. There was no statistically difference in the baseline IOP (p=0.8) comparing glaucoma patients, but positive after the provocative tests (p=0.03), and in the IOP variation (4.4 +/- 1.3 mmHg for ibopamine and 3.2 +/- 2.2 mmHg for water drinking test, p=0.01). There was no difference in all studied parameters for normal individuals. The Bland-Altman graph showed high dispersion comparing both methods. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.987 for the ibopamine provocative test, and 0.807 for the water-drinking test. CONCLUSION: In this selected subgroup of glaucoma patients with early visual field defect, the ibopamine provocative test has shown better sensitivity/specificity than the water drinking test.

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OBJETIVO: Comparar o teste da ibopamina 2 por cento com o teste de sobrecarga hídrica como testes provocativos para glaucoma. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto, e indivíduos normais foram selecionados do CEROF-Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, e submetidos, de forma randomizada, e com intervalo mínimo de 1 semana, aos testes provocativos da ibopamina 2 por cento, e sobrecarga hídrica. A pressão intra-ocular (Pio) antes e após os testes, confrontação entre os métodos (gráfico de Bland-Altman) além da melhor relação sensibilidade/especificidade (realizados por meio de curvas ROC) foram obtidos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 47 olhos de 25 pacientes (27 olhos de 15 pacientes com glaucoma e 20 olhos de 10 pacientes normais), com idade média de 54,2 ± 12,7 anos. O MD médio dos pacientes com glaucoma foi de -2,8 ± 2,11 dB. Nos pacientes com glaucoma, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na Pio basal (p=0,8), ao passo que se notou diferença na Pio após os testes provocativos (p=0,03), e na variação da Pio após os testes (4,4 ± 1,3 mmHg para ibopamina e 3,2 ± 2,2 mmHg para ingestão hídrica, p=0,01). Nos pacientes normais, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos para todos os parâmetros avaliados. O gráfico de Bland-Altman mostrou grande dispersão dos resultados. Finalmente, obteve-se áreas abaixo das curvas ROC de 0,987 para o teste da ibopamina e 0,807 para a ingestão hídrica. CONCLUSÃO: O teste provocativo da ibopamina apresentou melhor relação sensibilidade/especificidade que o teste de ingestão hídrica nesse subgrupo selecionado de pacientes com glaucoma com dano perimétrico inicial.

PURPOSE: To compare the 2 percent ibopamine provocative test with the water drinking test as a provocative test for glaucoma. METHODS: Primary open-angle glaucoma patients and normal individuals were selected from CEROF-Universidade Federal de Goiânia UFG, and underwent the 2 percent ibopamine provocative test and the water drinking test in a randomized fashion, at least 1 week apart. Intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after both tests, Bland-Altman graph, sensitivity and specificity (as mesured by ROC curves) were obtained for both methods. RESULTS: Forty-seven eyes from 25 patients were included (27 eyes from 15 glaucoma patients and 20 eyes from 10 normal individuals), with a mean age of 54.2 ± 12.7 years. The mean MD of glaucoma patients was -2.8 ± 2.11 dB. There was no statistically difference in the baseline IOP (p=0.8) comparing glaucoma patients, but positive after the provocative tests (p=0.03), and in the IOP variation (4.4 ± 1.3 mmHg for ibopamine and 3.2 ± 2.2 mmHg for water drinking test, p=0.01). There was no difference in all studied parameters for normal individuals. The Bland-Altman graph showed high dispersion comparing both methods. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.987 for the ibopamine provocative test, and 0.807 for the water-drinking test. CONCLUSION: In this selected subgroup of glaucoma patients with early visual field defect, the ibopamine provocative test has shown better sensitivity/specificity than the water drinking test.

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PURPOSE: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) rise in normal individuals and primary open-angle glaucoma patients and the safety and efficacy of ibopamine eye drops in different concentrations as a provocative test for glaucoma. METHODS: Glaucoma patients underwent (same eye) the ibopamine provocative test with two concentrations, 1% and 2%, in a random sequence at least 3 weeks apart, but not more than 3 months. The normal individuals were randomly submitted to one of the concentrations of ibopamine (1% and 2%). The test was considered positive if there was an IOP rise greater than 3 or 4 mmHg at 30 or 45 minutes to test which subset of the test has the best sensitivity (Se)/specificity (Sp). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in any of the IOP measurements, comparing 1% with 2% ibopamine. The IOP was significantly higher at 30 and 45 minutes with both concentrations (p < 0.001). The best sensitivity/specificity ratio was achieved with the cutoff point set as greater than 3 mmHg at 45 minutes with 2% ibopamine (area under the ROC curve: 0.864, Se: 84.6%; Sp:73.3%). All patients described a slight burning after ibopamine's instillation. CONCLUSION: 2% ibopamine is recommended as a provocative test for glaucoma. Because both concentrations have similar ability to rise IOP, 1% ibopamine may be used to treat ocular hypotony.

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PURPOSE: To correlate the ibopamine provocative test with the diurnal tension curve (highest intraocular pressure-IOP and range) in glaucoma. METHODS: This is a prospective case series including glaucoma patients from the Federal University of Goiás, Glaucoma Service. Two 2% ibopamine eyedrops were instilled into one or both eyes of each patient, 5 minutes apart. Intraocular pressure was checked before and 30 and 45 minutes after the second ibopamine instillation. Thereafter, the diurnal tension curve of each patient was assessed with five independent measurements (at every 2:30 hours), from 8:00 o'clock AM to 6:00 o'clock PM. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the linear relation between the intraocular pressure after the ibopamine instillation with the highest intraocular pressure value and the intraocular pressure range in the diurnal curve. RESULTS: Thirty-one eyes from 22 patients were included. There was a significant correlation between the intraocular pressure 30 and 45 minutes after ibopamine instillation and the highest intraocular pressure assessed in the diurnal curve (r=0.356, p=0.04 and r=0.429, p=0.01, respectively). However, no correlation between IOP after the use of ibopamine and the diurnal intraocular pressure range at 30 (r=0.046, p=0.8) and 45 minutes (r=0.109, p=0.5) was observed. CONCLUSION: The ibopamine provocative test shows a significant correlation with the highest intraocular pressure in the diurnal tension curve in glaucoma patients. However, no correlation was observed with the intraocular pressure range.

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PURPOSE: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) rise in normal individuals and primary open-angle glaucoma patients and the safety and efficacy of ibopamine eye drops in different concentrations as a provocative test for glaucoma. METHODS: Glaucoma patients underwent (same eye) the ibopamine provocative test with two concentrations, 1 percent and 2 percent, in a random sequence at least 3 weeks apart, but not more than 3 months. The normal individuals were randomly submitted to one of the concentrations of ibopamine (1 percent and 2 percent). The test was considered positive if there was an IOP rise greater than 3 or 4 mmHg at 30 or 45 minutes to test which subset of the test has the best sensitivity (Se)/specificity (Sp). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in any of the IOP measurements, comparing 1 percent with 2 percent ibopamine. The IOP was significantly higher at 30 and 45 minutes with both concentrations (p<0.001). The best sensitivity/specificity ratio was achieved with the cutoff point set as greater than 3 mmHg at 45 minutes with 2 percent ibopamine (area under the ROC curve: 0.864, Se: 84.6 percent; Sp:73.3 percent). All patients described a slight burning after ibopamine's instillation. CONCLUSION: 2 percent ibopamine is recommended as a provocative test for glaucoma. Because both concentrations have similar ability to rise IOP, 1 percent ibopamine may be used to treat ocular hypotony.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a tolerabilidade e a eficácia do teste provocativo da ibopamina com diferentes concentrações em pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com glaucoma (mesmo olho) foram aleatoriamente submetidos ao teste provocativo da ibopamina com as duas concentrações comercialmente disponíveis: 1 por cento e 2 por cento com pelo menos 3 semanas de intervalo, mas não superior a 3 meses. Os indivíduos normais foram randomizados a uma das concentrações utilizadas. O teste era considerado positivo se houvesse elevação da pressão intra-ocular (Pio) superior a 3 ou 4 mmHg 30 ou 45 minutos após o início do teste para se estabelecer a melhor relação sensibilidade (Se)/especificidade (Es) do teste. RESULTADOS: Treze pacientes com glaucoma, 15 indivíduos normais com a ibopamina a 2 por cento e 13 com a ibopamina a 1 por cento foram incluídos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em qualquer uma das médias da Pio entre a ibopamina a 1 por cento ou a 2 por cento. A Pio foi significativamente maior aos 30 e 45 minutos com ambas as concentrações (p<0,001). A melhor relação Se/Es foi obtida com o aumento da Pio >3 mmHg, 45 minutos após o teste com a ibopamina a 2 por cento (área abaixo da curva ROC: 0,864, Se: 84,6 por cento; Es: 73,3 por cento). Todos os pacientes referiram leve ardência à instilação da ibopamina. CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se a utilização da ibopamina a 2 por cento como teste provocativo para o glaucoma. Como ambas as concentrações apresentaram capacidade similar em elevar a Pio, a Ibopamina a 1 por cento (menor concentração da droga) pode ser utilizada por períodos prolongados, como na hipotonia ocular.

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PURPOSE: To correlate the ibopamine provocative test with the diurnal tension curve (highest intraocular pressure-IOP and range) in glaucoma. METHODS: This is a prospective case series including glaucoma patients from the Federal University of Goiás, Glaucoma Service. Two 2 percent ibopamine eyedrops were instilled into one or both eyes of each patient, 5 minutes apart. Intraocular pressure was checked before and 30 and 45 minutes after the second ibopamine instillation. Thereafter, the diurnal tension curve of each patient was assessed with five independent measurements (at every 2:30 hours), from 8:00 o'clock AM to 6:00 o'clock PM. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the linear relation between the intraocular pressure after the ibopamine instillation with the highest intraocular pressure value and the intraocular pressure range in the diurnal curve. RESULTS: Thirty-one eyes from 22 patients were included. There was a significant correlation between the intraocular pressure 30 and 45 minutes after ibopamine instillation and the highest intraocular pressure assessed in the diurnal curve (r=0.356, p=0.04 and r=0.429, p=0.01, respectively). However, no correlation between IOP after the use of ibopamine and the diurnal intraocular pressure range at 30 (r=0.046, p=0.8) and 45 minutes (r=0.109, p=0.5) was observed. CONCLUSION: The ibopamine provocative test shows a significant correlation with the highest intraocular pressure in the diurnal tension curve in glaucoma patients. However, no correlation was observed with the intraocular pressure range.

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar o teste provocativo da ibopamina com a curva diurna de pressão intra-ocular (Pio máxima e flutuação da mesma) em pacientes com glaucoma. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo incluindo pacientes com glaucoma provenientes do CEROF-UFG. Duas gotas de ibopamina a 2 por cento foram instiladas em um ou ambos os olhos dos pacientes com intervalo de 5 minutos entre elas. A pressão intra-ocular foi checada antes, 30 e 45 minutos após a segunda gota de ibopamina. Após, a curva diurna de pressão intra-ocular foi realizada com 5 medidas independentes (a cada 2:30 horas) entre 8:00 e 18:00 horas. A correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para se testar a relação linear entre a pressão intra-ocular após o uso da ibopamina, a pressão intra-ocular máxima e a flutuação diurna da pressão intra-ocular. RESULTADOS: Trinta e um olhos de 22 pacientes foram incluídos. Notou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a Pio 30 e 45 minutos após a instilação da ibopamina e a máxima pressão intra-ocular obtida na curva diurna (r=0,356, p=0,04 e r=0,429, p=0,01, respectivamente). Entretanto, não foi observada correlação positiva com a flutuação diurna da pressão intra-ocular aos 30 (r=0,046, p=0,8) e 45 minutos (r=0,109, p=0,5). CONCLUSÃO: O teste provocativo da ibopamina apresentou alta correlação com a pressão intra-ocular máxima na curva diurna em pacientes com glaucoma. Entretanto, não foi notado relação linear direta com a flutuação diurna da pressão intra-ocular.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the ibopamine provocative test for the diagnosis of glaucoma in glaucoma patients using antiglaucomatous drugs. METHODS: Two 2% ibopamine eyedrops were instilled 5 minutes apart in one eye selected at random in both glaucoma and normal subjects. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was assessed prior to the drops and 30, 60 and 180 minutes after instillation. The test was considered positive when there was an intraocular pressure increase of greater than 4 mmHg at any one of the time-points. The amount of intraocular pressure change was compared to the types of medical treatment. RESULTS: Fifty-eight eyes were included (38 glaucoma patients and 20 normal individuals). The intraocular pressure rise was significantly higher in glaucoma patients (p<0.001 at all times). The sensitivity and specificity of the ibopamine test were 68% (87% if we exclude eyes using prostaglandin analogues) and 95%, respectively. Glaucoma patients using prostaglandin analogues did not present a significant intraocular pressure elevation. CONCLUSION: The ibopamine provocative test may be an auxiliary test in glaucoma diagnosis. Despite the small sample size, concurrent use of prostaglandin analogues apparently reduces the test's sensitivity.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho do teste provocativo da ibopamina em pacientes com glaucoma usuários de drogas hipotensoras. MÉTODOS: Pacientes glaucomatosos foram recrutados do Centro de Referência em Oftalmologia (CEROF) da Universidade Federal de Goiás, e suas drogas hipotensoras em uso registradas. Indivíduos normais foram amigos e parentes dos pacientes. A seguir, foram instiladas duas gotas de ibopamina 2 por cento com intervalo de 5 minutos. A pressão intra-ocular (Pio) foi medida previamente, e após 30, 60 e 180 minutos. No nosso estudo, o teste da ibopamina foi considerado positivo quando a pressão intra-ocular excedeu 4 mmHg em pelo menos uma das medidas. RESULTADOS: Cinquenta e oito olhos de 58 indivíduos (38 glaucomatosos e 20 normais) foram incluídos no estudo. O aumento da pressão intra-ocular foi maior nos pacientes com glaucoma aos 30, 60 e 180 minutos (p<0,001 em todas as ocasiões). O aumento da pressão intra-ocular foi estatisticamente maior aos 30 minutos nos indivíduos que não utilizavam análogos das prostaglandinas (p=0,01). A sensibilidade do teste foi de 68 por cento (87 por cento se excluirmos pacientes em uso de análogos das prostaglandinas), e a especificidade de 95 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: O teste provocativo da ibopamina 2 por cento pode ser ferramenta auxiliar no diagnóstico do glaucoma. Apesar da pequena amostra estudada, sugere-se que olhos em uso de análogos das prostaglandinas têm reduzido a sensibilidade do mesmo.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate factors that may influence the ibopamine provocative test for the diagnosis of glaucoma. METHODS: Two Ibopamine (3,4 di-isobutyrylester of N-methyldopamine) 2% eyedrops were instilled 5 minutes apart in one eye selected at random in both glaucoma and normal subjects. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was assessed prior to the drops and 30, 60 and 180 minutes after instillation. The test was considered positive when there was an IOP increase of greater than 4 mmHg at any one of the timepoints. The amount of IOP change was compared to the severity of glaucomatous visual field loss and to the types of medical treatment. RESULTS: The sensitivity (glaucoma patients with a positive result) and specificity (normal individuals with a negative result) of the Ibopamine test was 87 and 95%, respectively. Glaucoma patients using prostaglandin analogues did not have a significant IOP elevation. CONCLUSION: The Ibopamine provocative test may be an auxiliary test in glaucoma diagnosis. Concurrent use of prostaglandin analogues reduces the test's sensitivity.

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PURPOSE: The effects of ibopamine (IBO) on left ventricular (LV) mechanics and contractility have not been described. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that IBO has a contractile effect at a dose of 200 mg. METHODS: Ten male patients (43 +/- 7 years) with refractory heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy were studied. The patients were submitted to simultaneous echo-Doppler and hemodynamic (microtip catheter) studies, before (B) and after (20, 40 and 60 minutes) a dose of 200 mg of IBO. LV pressure/diameter and stress/strain relations were obtained. Subsequently, heart rate (HR-bpm), cardiac output (CO-L/m), end-diastolic pressure (EDP-mmHg); fractional shortening (FS-%); maximal elastance (Emax-mmHg/cm/s); end systolic (ESS-g/cm2) and end-diastolic (EDS-g/cm2) stress; chamber (Kp-mmHg/cm) and muscle (K(m)-g/cm2) stiffness, and the time of constant relaxation (Tau-ms) were analyzed. RESULTS: Results were presented as mean +/- standard deviation for conditions before and after IBO (20, 40 and 60 minutes) respectively. There was no change in HR (99 +/- 7; 100 +/- 7; 99 +/- 8; 99 +/- 10). Significant increases were observed in CO (4.13 +/- 1.28; 4.95 +/- 1.38; 5.13 +/- 1.86; 5.18 +/- 1.57), FS (13.7 +/- 2.4; 15.4 +/- 2.8; 15.9 +/- 1.8; 16.1 +/- 2.0), and Emax (14.8 +/- 3.2; 16 +/- 3.6; 17.7 +/- 4.2; 17.6 +/- 4.2). A transient (20 minutes) increase followed by a decrease (40 and 60 minutes) occurred in EDP (26.3 +/- 4.2; 30.6 +/- 6.4; 24.6 +/- 5.6; 22.3 +/- 4.6), EDS (79.7 +/- 22.8; 91.7 +/- 29.6; 79 +/- 31; 63 +/- 17.3), and Kp (27.2 +/- 12.6; 60 +/- 26.7; 27.9 +/- 11.7; 28.1 +/- 11). CONCLUSION: IBO has a beneficial effect on LV systolic and diastolic function as well as on contractility in patients with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the acute hemodynamic effects of ibopamine (IBO), captopril (CAP) and placebo (PLA) in patients with severe congestive heart failure at rest. METHODS: Twelve male patients in sinus rhythm with dilated cardiomyopathy and NYHA class IV were studied with Swan-Ganz hemodynamics. Drugs were given in a blinded fashion. Rest, 30 min and every hour for 5 h measurements were made after oral ingestion of 100 mg IBO, 25 mg CAP or PLA. Prior to the study, patients were on diuretics as the only medication for at least 48 h. Comparisons were made with analysis of variance of repeated measurements and Duncan's multiple comparisons procedure. RESULTS: Significant increase in cardiac index and stroke volume index and reduction in systemic vascular resistance were observed with IBO and CAP for 2 h after ingestion. IBO however increased right and left filling pressures in the first hour after its administration. Ventricular tachycardia occurred in 2 patients 1 h after IBO administration. CONCLUSION: Both IBO and CAP improved hemodynamic parameters in the first two hours after oral ingestion in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in class IV.

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PURPOSE--To evaluate the acute hemodynamic effects of ibopamine (IBO), captopril (CAP) and placebo (PLA) in patients with severe congestive heart failure at rest. METHODS--Twelve male patients in sinus rhythm with dilated cardiomyopathy and NYHA class IV were studied with Swan-Ganz hemodynamics. Drugs were given in a blinded fashion. Rest, 30 min and every hour for 5 h measurements were made after oral ingestion of 100 mg IBO, 25 mg CAP or PLA. Prior to the study, patients were on diuretics as the only medication for at least 48 h. Comparisons were made with analysis of variance of repeated measurements and Duncan's multiple comparisons procedure. RESULTS--Significant increase in cardiac index and stroke volume index and reduction in systemic vascular resistance were observed with IBO and CAP for 2 h after ingestion. IBO however increased right and left filling pressures in the first hour after its administration. Ventricular tachycardia occurred in 2 patients 1 h after IBO administration. CONCLUSION--Both IBO and CAP improved hemodynamic parameters in the first two hours after oral ingestion in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in class IV.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect on symptoms, exercise capacity (stress test) and myocardial response (Echo, and Holter) of ibopamine or captopril in patients with congestive heart failure. METHODS: Double-blind, parallel randomized study of 18 patients, 9 in each group, studied during three months at the outpatient clinic. Twelve were male, 6 female, all in heart failure functional class II or III. The age ranged from 27 to 67 year-old (mean 48.7 years). The patients received captopril 50 mg tid or ibopamine 100 mg tid. RESULTS: The patients presented clinical improvement in both groups. At the stress test there was an increase of exercise time from 9 to 17 minutes and from 12 to 16 minutes with captopril and ibopamine respectively. The Echo study showed respectively to captopril and ibopamine groups a left ventricular and diastolic diameter increase from 72 to 74 and from 74 to 75mm and a increase from 0.35 to 0.38 and from 0.35 to 0.39 of the left ventricular ejection fraction. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: These data show that ibopamine improved cardiac function, increasing the cardiac output, ejection fraction and exercise time and did not increase the incidence of arrhythmias. This effect is similar to that observed with captopril.

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Objetivo - Avaliar os efeitos sobre sintomas, capacidade de exercício (teste de esforço) e resposta miocárdica (Eco e Holter) em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC), em uso de captopril ou ibopamina. Métodos - Estudo duplo-cego, paralelo, randomizado, com 18 pacientes, 9 em cada grupo, acompanhados ambulatorialmente por 3 meses. Doze pacientes eram do sexo masculino, 6 do feminino, todos com ICC classe funcional II ou III. A idade variou de 27 a 67 (média 48,7) anos. Utilizou-se captopril 50mg e ibopamina 100mg, ambos três vezes ao dia. Resultados - Houve melhora clínica em ambos os grupos. Ao teste de esforço houve aumento do tempo de exercício de 9 para 17min e 12 para 16min com captopril e ibopamina, respectivamente. Ao estudo ecocardiográfico observou-se, respectivamente, para o grupo com captopril e ibopamina aumento do diâmetro diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) de 72 para 74 e de 74 para 75mm e aumento da fraçäo de ejeçäo do VE de 0,35 para 0,38 e de 0,35 para 0,39. A incidência de arritmia ventricular näo diferiu significativamente em ambos os grupos. Conclusäo - Os dados obtidos demonstram que o emprego de ibopamina melhora a funçäo cardíaca, aumentando o débito cardíaco e a fraçäo de ejeçäo e o tempo de exercício e näo aumenta a incidência de arritmia. O seu efeito é semelhante ao observado com o emprego de captopril

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