RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Fluid overload is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in pediatric cardiac surgery. In the pediatric age group, peritoneal dialysis might improve postoperative outcome with avoiding fluid overload and electrolyte imbalance. It preserves hemodynamic status with the advantage of passive drainage. In this study, we are reporting our results of peritoneal dialysis after cardiac surgery. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the patients who underwent pediatric cardiac surgery in our hospital between December 2010 and January 2020. Patients who required peritoneal dialysis during hospitalization period were included in the study. Patients' clinical status and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Peritoneal dialysis was performed to 89 patients during the study period. The age varies from the newborn to 4 years old. The indication of peritoneal dialysis was prophylactic in 68.5% (n=61) and for the treatment in 31.5% (n=28). There were 31 mortalities. The risk factors for the mortality were preoperative lower age, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, lengthened intubation, lengthened inotropic support, and requirement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Earlier initiation of peritoneal dialysis in pediatric cardiac surgery helps maintain hemodynamic instability by avoiding fluid overload, considering the difficulty in the treatment of electrolyte imbalance and diuresis.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Diálise Peritoneal , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Criança , Eletrólitos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Diálise Peritoneal/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/etiologia , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fluid overload (FO) is associated with unfavorable outcomes in critically ill children. Clinicians are encouraged to avoid FO; however, strategies to avoid FO are not well-described in pediatrics. Our aim was to implement a bundle strategy to prevent FO in children with sepsis and pARDS and to compare the outcomes with a historical cohort. METHODS: A quality improvement initiative, known as preemptive fluid strategy (PFS) was implemented to prevent early FO, in a 12-bed general PICU. Infants on mechanical ventilation (MV) fulfilling pARDS and sepsis criteria were prospectively recruited. For comparison, data from a historical cohort from 2015, with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, was retrospectively reviewed. The PFS bundle consisted of 1. maintenance of intravenous fluids (MIVF) at 50% of requirements; 2. drug volume reduction; 3. dynamic monitoring of preload markers to determine the need for fluid bolus administration; 4. early use of diuretics; and 5. early initiation of enteral feeds. The historical cohort treatment, the standard fluid strategy (SFS), were based on physician preferences. Peak fluid overload (PFO) was the primary outcome. PFO was defined as the highest FO during the first 72 h. FO was calculated as (cumulative fluid input - cumulative output)/kg*100. Fluid input/output were registered every 12 h for 72 h. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were included in the PFS group (54% male, 6 mo (IQR 2,11)) and 39 with SFS (64%male, 3 mo (IQR1,7)). PFO was lower in PFS (6.31% [IQR4.4-10]) compared to SFS (12% [IQR8.4-15.8]). FO was lower in PFS compared to CFS as early as 12 h after admission [2.4(1.4,3.7) v/s 4.3(1.5,5.5), p < 0.01] and maintained during the study. These differences were due to less fluid input (MIVF and fluid boluses). There were no differences in the renal function test. PRBC requirements were lower during the first 24 h in the PFS (5%) compared to SFS (28%, p < 0.05). MV duration was 81 h (58,98) in PFS and 118 h (85154) in SFS(p < 0.05). PICU LOS in PFS was 5 (4, 7) and in SFS was 8 (6, 10) days. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a bundle to prevent FO in children on MV with pARDS and sepsis resulted in less PFO. We observed a decrease in MV duration and PICU LOS. Future studies are needed to address if PFS might have a positive impact on health outcomes.
Assuntos
Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Hidratação/métodos , Pacotes de Assistência ao Paciente , Insuficiência Respiratória/complicações , Sepse/complicações , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/prevenção & controle , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Nutrição Enteral , Transfusão de Eritrócitos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/normas , Testes de Função Renal , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Melhoria de Qualidade , Respiração Artificial , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To validate interventions and nursing activities proposed by the Nursing Interventions Classification for patients with acute renal failure or acute chronic renal disease in hemodialysis therapy with the Excess Fluid Volume and Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume nursing diagnoses. METHODS: Validation of content with 19 expert nurses from a university hospital. The data collection was made from September to November 2011 through instruments that contained the interventions and nursing activities in study. The data analysis considered the average of scores obtained in the validation process. RESULTS: The Fluid Management was validated as a priority intervention (mean ≥ 0.8), with eight main activities for the Excess Fluid Volume nursing diagnosis and eight for the Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume nursing diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The validated intervation of the Fluid Management enables the monitoring of the hydric balance and facilitates the prevention of complications, which are important activities in the nursing care of the patients in hemodialysis therapy.
Assuntos
Diálise Renal/enfermagem , Injúria Renal Aguda/enfermagem , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Feminino , Unidades Hospitalares de Hemodiálise , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Falência Renal Crônica/enfermagem , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Diagnóstico de Enfermagem , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Especialidades de Enfermagem , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/etiologia , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/enfermagem , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To assess whether use of low-chloride solutions in unselected critically ill or perioperative adult patients for maintenance or resuscitation reduces mortality and renal replacement therapy (RRT) use when compared to high-chloride fluids. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis with random-effects inverse variance model. PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 2016. Published and unpublished randomized controlled trials in any language that enrolled critically ill and/or perioperative adult patients and compared a low- to a highchloride solution for volume maintenance or resuscitation. The primary outcomes were mortality and RRT use. We conducted trial sequential analyses and assessed risk of bias of individual trials and the overall quality of evidence. Fifteen trials with 4067 patients, most at low risk of bias, were identified. Of those, only 11 and 10 trials had data on mortality and RRT use, respectively. A total of 3710 patients were included in the mortality analysis and 3724 in the RRT analysis. RESULTS: No statistically significant impact on mortality (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-1.17; P = .44; I = 0%) or RRT use (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.58; P = .52; I = 0%) was found. Overall quality of evidence was low for both primary outcomes. Trial sequential analyses highlighted that the sample size needed was much larger than that available for properly powered outcome assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence on low- versus high-chloride solutions for unselected critically ill or perioperative adult patients demonstrates no benefit, but suffers from considerable imprecision. We noted a limited exposure volume for study fluids and a relatively low risk of the populations in each study. Together with the relatively small pooled sample size, these data leave us underpowered to detect potentially important differences. Results from well-conducted, adequately powered randomized controlled trials examining sufficiently large fluid exposure are necessary.
Assuntos
Estado Terminal/terapia , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Cloreto de Sódio/química , Administração Intravenosa , Adulto , Estado Terminal/epidemiologia , Composição de Medicamentos , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/tendências , Assistência Perioperatória/tendências , Soluções Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Soluções Farmacêuticas/química , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/epidemiologia , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/prevenção & controleRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo Validar intervenções e atividades de enfermagem propostas pela Nursing Interventions Classification, para pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda ou doença renal crônica agudizada, em terapia hemodialítica com os diagnósticos de enfermagem Volume de Líquidos Excessivo e Risco de Volume de Líquidos Desequilibrado. Métodos Validação de conteúdo com 19 enfermeiros peritos de um hospital universitário. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro a novembro de 2011, por meio de instrumentos que continham as intervenções e atividades de enfermagem em estudo. A análise considerou a média dos escores obtidos na validação. Resultados O Controle Hídrico foi validado como intervenção prioritária (média ≥ 0.8), com oito atividades principais para o diagnóstico Volume de Líquidos Excessivo e oito para o diagnóstico Risco de Volume de Líquidos Desequilibrado. Conclusão A intervenção validada de Controle Hídrico possibilita o monitoramento do equilíbrio hídrico e facilita a prevenção de complicações, consideradas importantes atividades do cuidado ao paciente em terapia hemodialítica.
RESUMEN Objectivo Validar intervenciones y actividades de enfermería propuestas por la Nursing Interventions Classification, para pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda o enfermedad renal crónica agudizada, en terapia hemodialítica con los diagnósticos de enfermería Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo y Riesgo de Desequilibrio de Volumen de Líquidos. Métodos Validación de contenido con 19 enfermeros expertos de un hospital universitario. La recolección de datos fue realizada de septiembre a noviembre de 2011 con instrumentos que contenían las intervenciones y actividades de enfermería en estudio. El análisis consideró el promedio de los puntajes obtenidos en la validación. Resultados El Manejo de Líquidos fue validado como intervención prioritaria (media >0.8), con ocho actividades principales para el diagnóstico Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo y ocho para el diagnóstico Riesgo de Desequilibrio de Volumen de Líquidos. Conclusión La intervención validada de Manejo de Líquidos posibilita el monitoreo del balance hídrico y facilita la prevención de complicaciones, consideradas importantes actividades del cuidado al paciente en terapia hemodialítica.
ABSTRACT Objective To validate interventions and nursing activities proposed by the Nursing Interventions Classification for patients with acute renal failure or acute chronic renal disease in hemodialysis therapy with the Excess Fluid Volume and Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume nursing diagnoses. Methods Validation of content with 19 expert nurses from a university hospital. The data collection was made from September to November 2011 through instruments that contained the interventions and nursing activities in study. The data analysis considered the average of scores obtained in the validation process. Results The Fluid Management was validated as a priority intervention (mean ≥ 0.8), with eight main activities for the Excess Fluid Volume nursing diagnosis and eight for the Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume nursing diagnosis. Conclusion The validated intervation of the Fluid Management enables the monitoring of the hydric balance and facilitates the prevention of complications, which are important activities in the nursing care of the patients in hemodialysis therapy.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diálise Renal/enfermagem , Especialidades de Enfermagem , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/enfermagem , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/etiologia , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/prevenção & controle , Diagnóstico de Enfermagem , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Injúria Renal Aguda/enfermagem , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Unidades Hospitalares de Hemodiálise , Hospitais Universitários , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Falência Renal Crônica/enfermagem , Falência Renal Crônica/terapiaRESUMO
Water deprivation (WD) induces changes in plasma volume and osmolality, which in turn activate several responses, including thirst, the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) secretion. These systems seem to be influenced by oestradiol, as evidenced by the expression of its receptor in brain areas that control fluid balance. Thus, we investigated the effects of oestradiol treatment on behavioural and neuroendocrine changes of ovariectomized rats in response to WD. We observed that in response to WD, oestradiol treatment attenuated water intake, plasma osmolality and haematocrit but did not change urinary volume or osmolality. Moreover, oestradiol potentiated WD-induced AVP secretion, but did not alter the plasma OT or angiotensin II (Ang II) concentrations. Immunohistochemical data showed that oestradiol potentiated vasopressinergic neuronal activation in the lateral magnocellular PVN (PaLM) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei but did not induce further changes in Fos expression in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) or subfornical organ (SFO) or in oxytocinergic neuronal activation in the SON and PVN of WD rats. Regarding mRNA expression, oestradiol increased OT mRNA expression in the SON and PVN under basal conditions and after WD, but did not induce additional changes in the mRNA expression for AVP in the SON or PVN. It also did not affect the mRNA expression of RAS components in the PVN. In conclusion, our results show that oestradiol acts mainly on the vasopressinergic system in response to WD, potentiating vasopressinergic neuronal activation and AVP secretion without altering AVP mRNA expression.
Assuntos
Desidratação/fisiopatologia , Estradiol/uso terapêutico , Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Paraventricular/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Supraóptico/efeitos dos fármacos , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/prevenção & controle , Animais , Arginina Vasopressina/agonistas , Arginina Vasopressina/análise , Arginina Vasopressina/metabolismo , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Desidratação/terapia , Ingestão de Líquidos/efeitos dos fármacos , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios , Feminino , Hidratação , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Ovariectomia/efeitos adversos , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Paraventricular/metabolismo , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Paraventricular/patologia , Área Pré-Óptica/efeitos dos fármacos , Área Pré-Óptica/metabolismo , Área Pré-Óptica/patologia , Ratos Wistar , Órgão Subfornical/efeitos dos fármacos , Órgão Subfornical/metabolismo , Órgão Subfornical/patologia , Núcleo Supraóptico/metabolismo , Núcleo Supraóptico/patologia , Núcleo Vestibular Lateral/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Vestibular Lateral/metabolismo , Núcleo Vestibular Lateral/patologia , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/sangue , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/etiologia , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
O Triatlon Ironman caracteriza-se por ser uma atividade de resistência constituída por 3,8km de natação, 180km de ciclismo e 42,2km de corrida, no qual o atleta exercita-se, em média, por cerca de 13 horas. Neste contexto, o atleta exposto a tal carga de esforço e adversidades ambientais, experimenta alterações orgânicas agudas em seus sistemas biológicos, incluindo os distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as alterações hídricas e eletrolíticas encontradas em atletas de triatlon Ironman. De 2002 a 2005 foram avaliados 109 atletas voluntários antes e imediatamente após as provas realizadas em Florianópolis-SC Brasil, com análise sanguínea dos eletrólitos sódio, e potássio, e medida de massa corporal. Os dados do sódio sérico de 89 atletas foram correlacionados com o grau de desidratação e modificações percentuais de peso corporal. Dados de 77 atletas, quanto ao potássio sérico, foram avaliados isoladamente de forma descritiva. Seis atletas (6,7 por cento) apresentaram-se euhidratados ou superhidratados ao final da prova, 50 atletas desidrataram de 0 a 3 por cento (56,2 por cento), 29 de 3 a 6 por cento (32,6 por cento) e 4 atletas (4,5 por cento) desidrataram mais que 6 por cento. Houve uma tendência a ocorrer hiponatremia entre aqueles que desidrataram menos ou ganharam peso. O potássio teve um comportamento dentro dos limites da normalidade em toda amostra. Conclui-se que os distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos (hiponatremia e desidratação) são incidentes nesta modalidade esportiva, sendo a superhidratação a etiologia provável da hiponatremia denotada pelo ganho ou perdas discretas de peso.
The Ironman Triathlon is characterized for being an endurance activity consisting of 3.8 km of swimming, 180 km of cycling and 42.2 km of running, in which the athlete exercises an average of about 13 hours. In this context, the athlete exposed to such load of effort and environmental adversities, experiences acute organic alterations in his biological systems, including hydroelectrolytic disturbs. The objective of this study is to describe the hydric and electrolytic alterations found in Ironman triathlon athletes. From years 2002 to 2005, 109 volunteer athletes have been evaluated before and immediately after the events which took place in Florianópolis-SC Brazil, with blood analysis of sodium and potassium electrolytes, and body mass measurement. Sodium serum data from 89 athletes have been correlated with the degree of dehydration and percentage alterations of body weight. Data of 77 athletes concerning the serum potassium were separately evaluated in a descriptive way. Six athletes (6.7 percent) were euhydrated or superhydrated at the end of the test; 50 athletes were dehydrated from 0 to 3 percent (56.2 percent); 29 from 3 to 6 percent (32.6 percent) and 4 athletes (4.5 percent) were dehydrated more than 6 percent. There was a tendency to hyponatremia among those who had dehydrated less or gained weight. Potassium behaved within the limits of normality in the entire sample. It was concluded that hydroelectrolytic disturbs (hyponatremia and dehydration) are recurrent in this sportive modality, being superhydration the probable etiology of hyponatremia denoted from profit or small weight loss.