RESUMO
Didelphis (Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia) are synanthropic mammals, whose omnivorous diet predisposes them to infections caused by endoparasites. Their higher frequency in urban areas makes them potential carriers of zoonotic protozoans and helminths, enhancing potential transmission to humans. Our purpose was to study two common species, Didelphis albiventris (54 individuals) and D. aurita (2 individuals), which were screened for blood, skin and intestinal parasites in animals captured in urban areas and in riparian forest regions associated with the Capivari River Basin, in Monte Mor's municipality, São Paulo state (SP), Brazil. Blood and tissue samples were collected for DNA extraction and PCR. Fecal samples were collected and submitted to two sedimentation and two flotation methods. 77.6% of fecal samples were positive for nematode eggs, 34.5% for trematode eggs and 32.7% for protozoans. Two D. aurita specimens were naturally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. Molecular analysis in a D. albiventris captured on a forested rural area was positive for Leishmania sp. DNA. Several parasites were found infecting Didelphis sp., demonstrating that this group of animals can harbor important zoonotic parasites, potentially playing a role as sylvatic reservoirs for human and domestic animal pathogens.
Assuntos
Didelphis/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Parasitemia/veterinária , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/transmissão , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Cidades , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Florestas , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/transmissão , Masculino , Parasitemia/epidemiologia , Parasitemia/transmissão , Rios , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/transmissão , Zoonoses/parasitologia , Zoonoses/transmissãoRESUMO
Información sobre la infeccion tungiasis, que por lo general ataca la parte distal de las extremidades inferiores, y sobre un caso diagnosticado por biopsia en un niña de 9 años, en la ciudad de Lima, Perú.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Feminino , Sifonápteros , Infecções/diagnóstico , Infecções/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/transmissãoRESUMO
Información sobre la infeccion tungiasis, que por lo general ataca la parte distal de las extremidades inferiores, y sobre un caso diagnosticado por biopsia en un niña de 9 años, en la ciudad de Lima, Perú.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Feminino , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/transmissão , Infecções/diagnóstico , Infecções/epidemiologia , SifonápterosRESUMO
This work describes the occurrence of the helminth Stephanofilaria spp in ulcerative nodular dermatitis in humans. The ulcers observed presented a variety of sizes and some years of existence. It is believed that the presence of this parasite, which affects several domestic and wild animal species, may harm human health through lesions produced in venous and lymphatic vessels that reduce blood circulation and retard the healing process. The cycle of this parasite in humans is also described.
Assuntos
Filariose/parasitologia , Filarioidea , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Úlcera Cutânea/parasitologia , Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Filariose/patologia , Filariose/transmissão , Filarioidea/classificação , Filarioidea/fisiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/patologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/transmissão , Úlcera Cutânea/patologiaRESUMO
Descreve-se aqui o encontro do helminto Stephanofilaria spp., em dermatite nodular ulcerativa em seres humanos, sendo as ulceras pesquisadas de dimensões variadas e com alguns anos de existência. Acredita-se que, a presença desse parasita, que afeta diversas espécies de animais domésticos e silvestres, possa agravar o quadro com as lesões produzidas nos vasos venosos e linfáticos, reduzindo a circulação, retardando a cicatrização. O ciclo deste parasita no ser humano, também é descrito.
This work describes the occurrence of the helminth Stephanofilaria spp in ulcerative nodular dermatitis in humans. The ulcers observed presented a variety of sizes and some years of existence. It is believed that the presence of this parasite, which affects several domestic and wild animal species, may harm human health through lesions produced in venous and lymphatic vessels that reduce blood circulation and retard the healing process. The cycle of this parasite in humans is also described.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filarioidea , Filariose/parasitologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Úlcera Cutânea/parasitologia , Filariose/patologia , Filariose/transmissão , Filarioidea/classificação , Filarioidea/fisiologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/patologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/transmissão , Úlcera Cutânea/patologiaRESUMO
Hundreds of human cases of gnathostomiasis have recently been reported from Mexico, where the disease is becoming a public health problem. We report a case of gnathostomiasis in a French tourist returning from Mexico. Tourists travelling in endemic countries are at risk of gnathostomiasis and should be advised about the risks of eating raw fish as a suspected source of infection.
Assuntos
Gnathostoma , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Infecções por Spirurida/diagnóstico , Viagem , Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Peixes/parasitologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , México , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/transmissão , Infecções por Spirurida/transmissãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To compare the utility of an ELISA using 3 recombinant antigens with that of the skin biopsy to estimate incidence of infections in a sentinel cohort of individuals living in an endemic community in southern Mexico during a set of 11 subsequent ivermectin treatments. RESULTS: The apparent community prevalence of infection and microfilarial skin infection before and after 11 treatments with ivermectin plus nodulectomy were 78% and 13%, and 0.68 mf/mg and 0.04 mf/mg, respectively, as measured by skin biopsy. Of a group of 286 individuals participating in all surveys, a sentinel cohort of 42 mf and serologically negative individuals had been followed since 1994. The annual percentage of individuals becoming positive in this cohort was 24% (10/42), 28% (9/33), 0%, and 4.3% (1/23) in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. Likewise, the incidence in children 5 years and under (n = 13) within this sentinel cohort was 15% (2/13), 18% (2/11), 0% and 11% (1/9), respectively. All individuals became positive to both tests simultaneously, indicating that seroconversion assessed infection incidence as accurately as skin biopsy in the sentinel group. CONCLUSION: Incidence monitoring of a sentinel cohort provides an estimation of the parasite transmission in the community; it is less costly than massive sampling, and a finger prick blood test might be more acceptable in some communities.
Assuntos
Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Filaricidas/uso terapêutico , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Onchocerca volvulus/isolamento & purificação , Oncocercose/tratamento farmacológico , Oncocercose/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Antiparasitários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Doenças Endêmicas , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , México/epidemiologia , Microfilárias/efeitos dos fármacos , Microfilárias/isolamento & purificação , Onchocerca volvulus/efeitos dos fármacos , Onchocerca volvulus/imunologia , Oncocercose/epidemiologia , Oncocercose/parasitologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Pele/parasitologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/transmissãoRESUMO
The effect of semiannual ivermectin treatment along with nodulectomy on filarial transmission levels were estimated during the three dry seasons of 1991-1993 in a hyperendemic village in southern Mexico. Parasitologic and ophthalmologic examinations were carried out every six months until five drug treatments were completed. Ivermectin mass treatment with a coverage of approximately 80% had a significant impact (P < 0.05) on the prevalence of skin infection and the mean microfilarial skin density (CMFL), which were reduced 38% and 89%, respectively. A gradual and significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the mean microfilariae number in the anterior chamber of the eye and in corneal opacities was also observed as the CMFL was reduced. After three treatments, these were reduced 84% and 69%, respectively. However, after two years of continuous intervention, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in either the daily mean infective biting density and the daily mean transmission potential. This was probably due to the remaining microfilarial load provided by the untreated resident population and migrant groups. On the whole, our results confirm both the efficacy of ivermectin to alleviate the clinical manifestations of the disease and its minimal impact on Onchocerca volvulus transmission, and indicate the need both to achieve higher levels of drug coverage and to incorporate other measures to stop transmission until a macrofilaricide drug is found.
Assuntos
Antiparasitários , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Oncocercose Ocular/tratamento farmacológico , Oncocercose/tratamento farmacológico , Simuliidae/parasitologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Animais , Câmara Anterior/parasitologia , Criança , Córnea/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Microfilárias/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Onchocerca volvulus/isolamento & purificação , Oncocercose/epidemiologia , Oncocercose/transmissão , Oncocercose Ocular/epidemiologia , Oncocercose Ocular/transmissão , Prevalência , Pele/parasitologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/transmissãoRESUMO
Amblyomma variegatum, introduced into Guadelopue 150 years ago, has recently spread in the Lesser Antilles and threatens North America. Two important diseases are associated with the tick: heartwater and dermatophilosis. Heartwater occurs in Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante and Antigua; acute dermatophilosis exists almost everywhere the tick is present. Both are very pathogenic for upgraded or newly-infested cattle. After 15 years of A. variegatum control in Guadeloupe, a balance is established between a tick population maintained at a low level by spraying acaricides and an animal population either completely resistant to heartwater and dermatophilosis (creole cattle) or regularly treated against ticks (upgraded cattle). An eradication campaign against A. variegatum in Guadeloupe, to avoid the spread of the associated diseases, appears technically difficult but possible, economically profitable, but socially completely utopian. We suggest for Guadeloupe a reinforced control of the tick with a persistent acaricide, hoping that a general decrease of the tick infestation rate on cattle will eliminate heartwater and acute dermatophilosis.