RESUMO
Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection has a worldwide distribution and currently, more than 2.5 million individuals have been infected in Brazil. The study aimed to investigate HTLV infection prevalence among blood donors in Mato Grosso do Sul, characterizing seroepidemiological profiles of HTLV-1/2 positive individuals and evaluating the blood bank's HTLV screening system. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among blood donors from Mato Grosso do Sul state (MS)-Central Brazil, between January to December 2021. The information was obtained from databases, samples from the collection of HEMOSUL, and active searching, with the completion of laboratory analyses. 35,278 blood donors were screened for anti-HTLV-1/2 by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CMIA). Among them, 78 were initially reactive for anti-HTLV-1/2 (2.21/1000). Out of 78, 67 returned to the blood center to collect a second sample for retesting with a second screening with CMIA. After confirmation, 8 samples were indeterminate, and 8 were confirmed as positive for HTLV antibodies. New tests were performed for the 8 positive samples, and 6 were confirmed as HTLV-1 infection (0.17/1,000), one as negative, and one as indeterminate. The present study describes the low prevalence of HTLV infection in blood donors from MS and contributes to the definition of the regional infection profile. The prevalence found in this study (0.017%-0.17/1000) shows to be a much lower value than the rates reported in other states in Brazil. We highlight the need for confirmatory testing for those seropositive donors in screening assays and the need for adequate counseling and patient management for those confirmed HTLV individuals.
Assuntos
Infecções por Deltaretrovirus , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bancos de Sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Estudos Transversais , DeltaretrovirusRESUMO
Background: Bovine leukemia virus (VLB) is an oncogenic deltaretrovirus associated with the development of persistent lymphocytosis (LP) and lymphosarcomas in cattle. LP is characterized by chronic elevation of the number of circulating lymphocytes, in the case of B lymphocytes. Several studies have described functional changes in various leukocyte populations in both blood and milk in VLB-infected animals. The impact of some chronic diseases of low lethality is aggravated by the emergence of comorbidities.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative metabolism and neutrophil phagocytosis of bovines of the Holtein breed naturally infected with the bovine leukemia virus (VLB). Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, 20 cows were divided into three groups: (NG) seven non-seroreagent animals for VLB and without hematological alterations; (GAL) eight seroreagent animals for VLB and without hematological alterations; and (GLP) five seroreagent animals for VLB with persistent lymphocytosis (LP). The oxidative metabolism of neutrophils was determined by the tetrazolium nitroblast reduction test stimulated or not with Zymosan particles. The percentage of neutrophils that phagocytosed Zymosan particle (s) was also evaluated. The data were initially evaluated for normality and homoscedasticity by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Then the ANOVA test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test was applied for the comparison between the NG, GAL and GLP animals. Comparison between the NG animals and the seroreagent animals for the VLB (GVLB) was also performed through the unpaired Students t-test. The value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. No significant differences were observed in oxidative neutrophil metabolism in stimulated and non-stimulated samples with Zymosan particles nor in the percentage...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Deltaretrovirus , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina , Neutrófilos , Vírus da Leucemia Bovina/imunologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , FagocitoseRESUMO
Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are Deltaretroviruses that infect millions of individuals worldwide via the same transmission routes as HIV. With the aim of exposing the possible re-emergence of HTLV in West Africa since discovery, a systematic review was carried out, focusing on the distribution of the virus types and significance of frequent indeterminate reports, while highlighting the need for mandatory routine blood screening. Capturing relevant data from discovery till date, sources searched were Google Scholar, CrossRef, NCBI (PubMed), MEDLINE, Research Gate, Mendeley, abstracts of Conferences and Proceedings, organization websites and reference lists of selected papers. A total of 2626 references were initially retrieved using search terms: Worldwide prevalence of HTLV, HTLV in Africa, HTLV in West Africa, HTLV subtypes, HTLV 3 and 4 in Africa, HTLV of African origin, HTLV seroindeterminate results, Spread of HTLV. These references were rigorously trimmed down to 76. Although evidence shows that HTLV is still endemic in the region, West Africa lacks recent epidemiological prevalence data. Thorough investigations are needed to ascertain the true cause of indeterminate Western Blot results. It is imperative that routine screening for HTLVs be mandated in West African health care facilities.
Assuntos
Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , Deltaretrovirus , África Ocidental/epidemiologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/transmissão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are Deltaretroviruses that infect millions of individuals worldwide via the same transmission routes as HIV. With the aim of exposing the possible re-emergence of HTLV in West Africa since discovery, a systematic review was carried out, focusing on the distribution of the virus types and significance of frequent indeterminate reports, while highlighting the need for mandatory routine blood screening. Capturing relevant data from discovery till date, sources searched were Google Scholar, CrossRef, NCBI (PubMed), MEDLINE, Research Gate, Mendeley, abstracts of Conferences and Proceedings, organization websites and reference lists of selected papers. A total of 2626 references were initially retrieved using search terms: Worldwide prevalence of HTLV, HTLV in Africa, HTLV in West Africa, HTLV subtypes, HTLV 3 and 4 in Africa, HTLV of African origin, HTLV seroindeterminate results, Spread of HTLV. These references were rigorously trimmed down to 76. Although evidence shows that HTLV is still endemic in the region, West Africa lacks recent epidemiological prevalence data. Thorough investigations are needed to ascertain the true cause of indeterminate Western Blot results. It is imperative that routine screening for HTLVs be mandated in West African health care facilities.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , Deltaretrovirus , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/transmissão , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , África Ocidental/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prenatal tests are important for prevention of vertical transmission of various infectious agents. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella virus and vaccination coverage against HBV in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 324 pregnant adolescents from 2009 to 2010. After the interview and blood collection, the patients were screened for antibodies and/or antigens against HIV-1/2, HTLV-1/2, CMV, rubella virus and HBV. The epidemiological variables were demonstrated using descriptive statistics with the G, χ2 and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 15.8 years, and the majority (65.4%) had less than 6 years of education. The mean age at first intercourse was 14.4 years, and 60.8% reported having a partner aged between 12 and 14 years. The prevalence of HIV infection was 0.3%, and of HTLV infection was 0.6%. Regarding HBV, 0.6% of the participants had acute infection, 9.9% had a previous infection, 16.7% had vaccine immunity and 72.8% were susceptible to infection. The presence of anti-HBs was greater in adolescent between 12 and 14 years old (28.8%) while the anti-HBc was greater in adolescent between 15 and 18 years old (10.3%). Most of the adolescents presented the IgG antibody to CMV (96.3%) and rubella (92.3%). None of the participants had acute rubella infection, and 2.2% had anti-CMV IgM. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first report of the seroepidemiology of infectious agents in a population of pregnant adolescents in the Northern region of Brazil. Most of the adolescents had low levels of education, were susceptible to HBV infection and had IgG antibodies to CMV and rubella virus. The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HTLV was similar to that reported in other regions of Brazil. However, the presence of these agents in this younger population reinforces the need for good prenatal follow-up and more comprehensive vaccination campaigns against HBV due to the large number of women susceptible to the virus.
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Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Testes para Triagem do Soro Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Gravidez na Adolescência/sangue , Viroses/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/sangue , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Deltaretrovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/sangue , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/virologia , Feminino , HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/virologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Humanos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/sangue , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/sangue , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/epidemiologia , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/virologia , Vírus da Rubéola/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Viroses/sangue , Viroses/virologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Infection with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 can be associated with myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and other inflammatory diseases. Lymphocytes from about half of Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1-infected subjects spontaneously proliferate in vitro, and how this phenomenon relates to symptomatic disease and viral burden is poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate T-cell proliferation in vitro among patients co-infected with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Hepatitis C Virus/Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1. Material and methods: From 610 Human T cell Leukemia Virus-infected patients of the Human T cell Leukemia Virus outpatient clinic from Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas" in São Paulo, 273 agreed to participate: 72 had HAM/TSP (excluded from this analysis) and 201 were asymptomatic, a classification performed during a regular neurological appointment. We selected the subgroup made up only by the 201 asymptomatic subjects to avoid bias by the clinical status as a confounder effect, who had laboratory results of Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 proviral load and T-cell proliferation assay in our database. They were further grouped according to their serological status in four categories: 121 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 asymptomatic mono-infected carriers; 32 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Hepatitis C Virus, 29 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1, and 19 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1/Hepatitis C Virus co-infected patients. Clinical data were obtained from medical records and interviews. DNA Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 proviral load (PVL) and T-cell proliferation (LPA) assay were performed for all samples. Results: From a total of 273 subjects with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1, 80 presented co-infections: 29 had Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1, 32 had Hepatitis C Virus, and 19 had Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus. Comparing the groups based on their serological status, independently of being asymptomatic carriers, we observed a significant increase of PVL (p < 0.001) and LPA (p = 0.001). However, when groups were stratified according to their clinical and serological status, there was no significant increase in Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 PVL and LPA. Conclusion: No significant increase of basal T-cell proliferation among Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 co-infected was observed. This interaction may be implicated in liver damage, worsening the prognosis of co-infected patients or, on the contrary, inducing a higher spontaneous clearance of Hepatitis C Virus infection in Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 co-infected patients.
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Humanos , Adolescente , Infecções por HIV , Hepatite C , Deltaretrovirus/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The present study is the first investigation of the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs - rs8099917, rs12979860 and rs8103142) of the IL28B gene and the development of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-associated arthropathy (HAA). Individuals with HAA exhibited low interleukin (IL) 6 (p<0.05) and high IL-10 (p<0.05) levels compared with asymptomatic patients. TNF-α/CD4(+) T cell count, TNF-α/CD8(+) T cell count and IFN-γ/proviral load positively correlated in asymptomatic patients. The allelic and genotypic frequencies did not differ between patients with HAA and asymptomatic patients. Seven haplotypes were detected in the investigated population, with haplotype CCT (p<0.05) being the most frequent among the HTLV-infected individuals, while haplotype TTG (p<0.05) was detected in the group with HAA only. Compared with asymptomatic patients, individuals with HAA and genotype TT (rs8099917) exhibited larger numbers of CD8(+) T cells (p<0.05) and higher proviral load levels (p<0.05). Those patients with HAA and genotypes CC (rs12979860) and TT (rs8103142) exhibited high TNF-ß (p<0.05) and IFN-γ (p<0.05) levels. Those patients with HAA and genotype CT/TT (rs12979860) exhibited high IL-10 levels (p<0.05). These results suggest that haplotypes CCT and TTG might be associated with susceptibility to HTLV infection and progression to HAA, respectively. Genotype TT (rs8099917) might be a risk factor for elevation of the proviral load and CD8(+) T cell count. In addition, genotypes CC (rs12979860) and TT (rs8103142) seem to be associated with increased TNF-ß and IFN-γ levels.
Assuntos
Artrite Infecciosa/virologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/virologia , Deltaretrovirus/fisiologia , Interleucinas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Alelos , Artrite Infecciosa/genética , Artrite Infecciosa/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/genética , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/metabolismo , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interferons , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Células Th1/metabolismo , Células Th2/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Carga ViralRESUMO
In this paper, we introduce a set of methodological steps for knowledge acquisition applied to the organization of biomedical information through ontologies. Those steps are tested in a real case involving Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV), which causes myriad infectious diseases. We hope to contribute to providing suitable knowledge representation of scientific domains.
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Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/classificação , Deltaretrovirus/classificação , Processamento de Linguagem Natural , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Vocabulário Controlado , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Estudos de Casos OrganizacionaisRESUMO
O presente estudo objetivou refletir sobre as alterações corporais sofridas pelos portadores de pararaparesia espática tropical...
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Autoimagem , Deltaretrovirus , Depressão , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical , PsicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are more vulnerable to blood-borne infections and/or sexually-transmitted infections (STI). This study was conducted to estimate the prevalences of mono and co-infections of HIV-1 and other blood-borne/STIs in a sample of MSM in Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: Responding Driven Sampling (RDS) was used for recruitment of MSM. Serum samples collected from 558 MSM were analyzed for the presence of serological markers for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, HTLV, HPV-16/18, and T. pallidum infections. RESULTS: The highest prevalences of infection in serum samples were found for HPV-16 and 18 (31.9% and 20.3%, respectively). Approximately 8% of the study population showed infection with HIV-1, and within that group, 27.5% had recently become infected with HIV-1. HBV infection and syphilis were detected in 11.4% and 10% of the study population, respectively, and the rates of HTLV and HCV infection were 1.5% and 1%, respectively. With the exception of HTLV, all other studied infections were usually found as co-infections rather then mono-infections. The rates of co-infection for HCV, HPV-18, and HIV-1 were the highest among the studied infections (100%, 83%, and 85%, respectively). Interestingly, HTLV infection was usually found as a mono-infection in the study group, whereas HCV was found only as a co-infection. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings highlight the need to educate the MSM population concerning their risk for STIs infections and methods of prevention. Campaigns to encourage vaccination against HBV and HPV could decrease the rates of these infections in MSM.
Assuntos
Homossexualidade Masculina , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Viroses/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coinfecção , Deltaretrovirus , HIV-1 , Hepacivirus , Vírus da Hepatite B , Papillomavirus Humano 16 , Papillomavirus Humano 18 , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/microbiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , Sífilis/microbiologia , Treponema pallidum , Viroses/virologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are closely related d-retroviruses that induce hematological diseases. HTLV-1 infects about 15 million people worldwide, mainly in subtropical areas. HTLV-1 induces a wide spectrum of diseases (e.g., HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) and leukemia/lymphoma (adult T-cell leukemia). Bovine leukemia virus is a major pathogen of cattle, causing important economic losses due to a reduction in production, export limitations and lymphoma-associated death. In the absence of satisfactory treatment for these diseases and besides the prevention of transmission, the best option to reduce the prevalence of d-retroviruses is vaccination. Here, we provide an overview of the different vaccination strategies in the BLV model and outline key parameters required for vaccine efficacy.
Assuntos
Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/prevenção & controle , Deltaretrovirus/imunologia , Vacinação , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Bovinos , Deltaretrovirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/virologia , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/prevenção & controle , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/virologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/prevenção & controle , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/imunologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/fisiologia , Humanos , Vírus da Leucemia Bovina/imunologia , Vírus da Leucemia Bovina/fisiologia , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologiaRESUMO
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) may impact the clinical course of tuberculosis (TB). Both infections are highly endemic in Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 in TB patients in Central-West Brazil and to perform a genetic characterisation of the respective isolates. Of the 402 patients, six (1.49%) were positive for anti-HTLV and five (1.24%; 95% confidence interval: 0.46-3.05) were infected with HTLV-1/2. Genetic characterisation demonstrated that the four HTLV-1 isolates belonged to the Transcontinental subgroup A of the Cosmopolitan subtype a and that the HTLV-2 isolate belonged to subtype a (HTLV-2a/c). The prevalence of HTLV infection observed in this study is higher than that observed in local blood donors and the HTLV-1 and 2 subtypes identified are consistent with those circulating in Brazil.
Assuntos
Deltaretrovirus/genética , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/epidemiologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/genética , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/genética , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Infecções por HTLV-I/complicações , Infecções por HTLV-II/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
O Vírus Linfotrópico de Células T Humanas (HTLV) foi o primeiro retrovírus identificado emhumanos e posteriormente associado à leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto (LTA). Podemseencontrar quatro tipos: HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 e HTLV-4, sendo os dois primeiros demaior prevalência. Estima-se que cerca de 10 milhões de pessoas no mundo e 2,5 milhões noBrasil, estejam infectadas pelo HTLV. O HTLV-1 possui sete subtipos e o HTLV-2, quatro.Recentemente, foi identificado o subtipo HTLV-1b no estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendoanteriormente encontrado somente na África Central. A análise dos subtipos é importante emestudos sobre a origem geográfica e disseminação dos isolados virais. O presente estudo tevecomo principal objetivo caracterizar as variantes genotípicas do HTLV em um grupo depacientes acompanhados no Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto UERJ. Objetivou tambémcaracterizar o grupo quanto aos possíveis fatores de risco para infecção pelo HTLV, descrevera ocorrência de doenças associadas com HTLV, caracterizar o grupo quanto aos subtipos deHTLV, descrevendo-os de acordo com a naturalidade dos pacientes e caracterizar os casos depacientes com sorologia de WB indeterminado utilizando técnicas de biologia molecular. Foramestudados pacientes com a infecção pelo HTLV, sintomática ou assintomática, com sorologiapositiva ou indeterminada. As amostras foram submetidas ao teste confirmatório pela PCR. Ainfecção foi confirmada em 31 dos 33 participantes do estudo. Dentre os positivos, 28 foramHTLV-1a e os demais HTLV-2b. O gênero mais frequente foi o feminino. Pacientes adultos,casados e pardos foram os mais frequentes dentro das variáveis de faixa etária, estado civil egrupo étnico, respectivamente. A maioria dos pacientes relatou não saber se manteve contatosexual com portador de HTLV, não fazer uso de drogas injetáveis ou já ter realizado transfusãode sangue...
The Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) was the first human retrovirusidentified and associated to leukemia/lymphoma, adult T-cells (ATL). Can be found four types:HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. The first two are the most prevalent. About 10 millionpeople around the world and 2.5 million in Brazil, are infected with HTLV. The HTLV-1 typeis subdivided into seven subtypes and HTLV-2 in four. Recently, HTLV-1b was identified in thestate of Rio de Janeiro. This subtype it was found only in Central Africa. The analysis ofsubtypes is important in studies of geographical origin and dissemination of viral isolates. Thepresent study aimed to characterize the genotypic variants of HTLV in a group of patientstreated at University Hospital Pedro Ernesto - UERJ. Aimed to characterize the group as to thepossible risk factors for HTLV infection, describing the occurrence of diseases associated withHTLV, characterized the group as to the HTLV subtypes; correlations between subtypes andlocal of infection; assess risk factors and confirm or exclude cases of patients with indeterminateor not typed serology. This study characterized the group as to the possible risk factors forHTLV infection, describing the occurrence of diseases associated with HTLV, characterized thegroup as the subtypes of HTLV, describing them according to the naturalness of patients andcharacterize the cases of patients with serology indeterminate WB using molecular biologytechniques. Patients were studied with HTLV, symptomatic or asymptomatic, with positive orindeterminate WB serology. The specimens were subjected to confirmatory testing by PCR.The infection was confirmed in 31 of 33 study participants. Among positives, 28 were HTLV-1a and other HTLV-2b. The most frequent was the female gender. Adult patients, married andbrowns were the most frequent within the variables of age, marital status and ethnic group,respectively...
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Humanos , Deltaretrovirus/classificação , Deltaretrovirus/fisiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Replicação Viral , Comorbidade , Testes SorológicosRESUMO
O Vírus linfotrópico humano de células T (HTLV) causa a Paraparesia espástica tropical/mielopatia associada ao HTLV1 (TSP, HAM). A TSP/HAM é caracterizada por uma paraparesia crônica e progressiva com danos na medula espinhal. Outras doenças inflamatórias podem estar associados à TSP/HAM, como dermatite, meningite, encefalopatia, alveolite pulmonar, uveíte, miopatias. Pacientes com TSP/HAM e miopatias apresentam fraqueza muscular, atrofia e infiltrado inflamatório no tecido muscular, composto por linfócitos T CD4 mais infectados pelo HTLV1 ou não infectados e células T CD8 mais HTLV1 específicas. Isto sugere a participação do sistema imune no desenvolvimento desta doença. Estudos in vitro mostraram que células T HTLV1 mais ou seu sobrenadante podem gerar danos no tecido muscular, sem que o músculo esteja infectado. Neste contexto, nosso projeto visou determinar se ocorre modulação de expressão gênica de moléculas relacionados à migração celular em células musculares humanas após tratamento com sobrenadante concentrado de células T infectadas pelo HTLV1, quando comparadas ao tratamento com solução salina. Observamos um aumento de expressão em cinco genes de integrinas, de dois genes que codificam cadeias de laminina, e também de três metaloproteinases, em células musculares tratadas com sobrenadante concentrado de células infectadas pelo HTLV1. nosso ultimo objetivo foi confirmar a especificidade da modulação da expressão gênica causada por fatores secretados por células T infectadas pelo HTLV1. A análise comparativa entre as células musculares tratadas com sobrenadante concentrado de célula T infectada versus célula T não infectada mostrou apenas um gene modulado entre esses dois grupos, o gene que codifica a proteína trombospondina1. Em conclusão, mostramos que linfócitos infectados pelo HTLV1 podem secretar fatores capazes de modular a expressão de genes relacionados à migração celular, como os genes de integrinas, moléculas de adesão, moléculas de matriz extracelular e metaloproteinases em células musculares esqueléticas. Considerando que dados semelhantes foram observados com sobrenadantes de linfócitos T ativados de linhagem Jurkat (não infectada por HTLV1), é provável que fatores secretados pelos linfócitos infectados por HTLV1 decorram de seu estado de ativação.
Assuntos
Humanos , Movimento Celular , Deltaretrovirus , Doenças Musculares , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 HumanoRESUMO
O vírus-T linfotrópico humano do tipo 1 (HTLV-1) foi o primeiro retrovírus humano a ser identificado e está associado a várias doenças de bilitantes. O Estado do Pará é o terceiro do Brasil com maior frequência de infecção por HTLV entre doadores de sangue. As comunidades ribeirinhas são carentes de ações de educação e assistência à saúde, pela característica de terem moradias espalhadas ao longo de furos e pela dificuldade de acesso aos centros urbanos. Este estudo objetivou investigar a infecção causada pelo HTLV em comunidades ribeirinhas do nordeste paraense, atendidas pelo Programa Luz na Amazônia, entre fevereiro de 2009 e junho de 2010. Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HTLV-1/2 foi realizada em 175 ribeirinhos, sendo 30 (17,14 por cento) da comunidade de São Pedro (Acará); 62 (35,43 por cento) da comunidade do Furo do Aurá (Belém) e 83 (47,43 por cento) de Santa Maria (Acará). Nos casos reagentes, métodos de biologia molecular foram utilizados para confirmação da infecção e identificação do tipo viral. A prevalência total do HTLV-1 foi de 1,14 por cento (2/175), variando entre zero (0/34) em São Pedro, 1,20 por cento (1/83) em Santa Maria e 1,61 por cento (1/62) no Furo do Aurá. O HTLV-1 foi identificado em duas das 117 (1,71 por cento) famílias analisadas das três comunidades. Não foi observado nenhum caso de transmissão familiar na amostra. O HTLV-2 não foi encontrado na amostra estudada. Este estudo demonstrou a ocorrência de HTLV-1 nas comunidades ribeirinhas estudadas, com frequências semelhantes às de populações urbanas, indicando a necessidade de maior investigação e ações de prevenção das doenças associadas ao vírus nessas comunidades.
The human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus identified, and it is associated with several debilitating diseases. Pará State has the third highest frequency rate of HTLC infections among blood donors in Brazil. Its riparian communities lack educational policies and health care assistance mainly because they inhabit "furos" (Amazonian river channels) and do not have easy access to urban centers. This study aimed to investigate the infection by HTLV in riparian communities of northeastern Pará included in the Luz na Amazônia Program between February 2009 and June 2010. A total of 175 riparian individuals were selected for detection of anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies: 30 from the São Pedro community (Municipality of Acará), 62 from the Furo do Aurá Community (Municipality of Belém), and 83 from Santa Maria (Municipality of Acará). In the HTLV-reactive individuals we used molecular methods to confirm infection and identify the viral type. HTLV-2 was not found in the study samples. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 was 1.14 per cent (2/1 75), ranging from zero (0/34) in São Pedro to 1.20 per cent (1/83) in Santa Maria and 1.61 per cent (1/62) in Furo do Aurá. HTLV-1 was identified in two of 117 (1.35 per cent) families from all three communities. We reported no evidence of familial transmission through testing of samples. HTLV-2 was not found in the samples tested. This study demonstrates the occurrence of HTLV-1 in the riparian communities studied, with frequency rates similar to those of urban populations, which warrants further research and actions to prevent diseases associated with HTLV in these communities.
Assuntos
Humanos , Deltaretrovirus , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
The "14th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and Related Retroviruses" was held in Salvador, Bahia, from July 1st to July 4th 2009. The aim of this biennial meeting is to promote discussion and share new findings between researchers and clinicians for the benefit of patients infected by human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV). HTLV infects approximately 15-20 million individuals worldwide and causes a broad spectrum of diseases including neurodegeneration and leukemia. The scientific program included a breadth of HTLV research topics: epidemiology, host immune response, basic mechanisms of protein function, virology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment. Exciting new findings were presented in these different fields, and the new advances have led to novel clinical trials. Here, highlights from this conference are summarized.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/imunologia , Deltaretrovirus/patogenicidade , Brasil , Deltaretrovirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/terapia , HumanosRESUMO
Os retrovirus HIV e HTLV emergiram como parsitos humanos na África em conseqüência da transmissão entre-espécies dos vírus de primatas não humanos SIV e STLV, respectivamente.Em 2005, a prevalência da infecção pelo HIV em Angola era de 3,7por cento considerando a população adulta, enquanto que, não há registros epidemiológicos da infecção pelo HTLV no país. Nosso objetivo neste estudo foi investigar o tipo de HIV e a presença da co-infecção HIV/HTLV em indivíduos HIV soropositivos de Angola e determinar os subtipos diferentes dos retrovirus nesta população. Amostras de sangue de 200 indivíduos foram coletadas em 2006 no Hospital Esperança em Luanda. Estas amostras foram avaliadas quanto à sororeatividade para o HTLV-1/2, o que resultou em 5por cento (10/200) de amostras positivas. A tipagem molecular do HIV foi realizada, pelo seqüenciamento do gene da Protease do HIV-1 e HIV-2. Sessenta das duzentas amostras de HIV, incluindo as soropositivas para HTLV foram analisadas geneticamente. Cinqüenta e três (53) amostras foram positivas para o HIV-1 e, deste grupo, 10 (16por cento) estavam co-infectadas com HIV-2. O subtipo genético do HIV-1 foi determinado pelo seqüenciamento e análise dos genes env (gp41) e protease e do HIV-2 presente nas co-infecções determinado pela análise da seqüência do gene da Protease. Foi encontrada uma grande diversidade de subtipos genéticos do HIV-1. Considerando as duas regiões Protease/env (gp41) de 37 amostras, o subtipo predominante foi o F1: (19,0por cento, n=7), seguido do subtipo G (10,8por cento, n=4), C(10,8por cento, n=4), A1 e D(2,7por cento n=1). Subtipos discordantes foram encontrados em 20 amostras (56,7por cento) apresentando 12 padrões distintos de recombinação entre Protease/env (gp41): AG/G (10,8por cento, n=4), D/G (8,1por cento, n=3) e AG/A1, G/A1 e F/C (5,40por cento) e, F/D, F/AE, F/GA, B/H, G/H, AG/H, J? representados por 1 amostra (2,7por cento cada). Todas as dez amostras do HIV-2 pertencem ao...Angola.
Assuntos
Deltaretrovirus , Variação Genética , HIV , Epidemiologia Molecular , Angola/epidemiologiaRESUMO
O vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas (HTLV) é transmitido por transfusões, uso compartilhado de agulhas, aleitamento e contato sexual. A prevalência varia de acordo com a região geográfica, grupo racial e população estudada. Cerca de 1 a 4% dos indivíduos infectados desenvolvem algum tipo de doença em decorrência da infecção. É reconhecida a associação entre a infecção pelo HTLV-I e Leucemia de Células T do Adulto e Paraparesia Espástica Tropical (PET). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma avaliação da prevalência de soropositividade para HTLV I/II na população de doadores de sangue do Hemocentro Regional de Maringá-Pr. Foram analisados os registros laboratoriais de 28.194 doadores de sangue do Hemocentro Regional de Maringá, no período de abril de 2003 a março de 2006, e observou-se que a soropositividade para o HTLV-I/II pelo teste ELISA na população geral de doadores (n=28.194) foi de 0,067% (n=19), das quais 52,63% eram do sexo feminino e 47,36% do sexo masculino. Através deste, conclui-se que medidas eficazes de saúde pública devem ser desenvolvidas para prevenir a disseminação dos vírus-T linfotrópicos humanos, pois não existem maneiras efetivas de se controlar as doenças associadas ao vírus. O aconselhamento de indivíduos soropositivos também deve ser observado, sendo uma das principais formas de prevenção.
The Human T cell Lymphotropic Virus Type (HTLV) is transmitted by transfusions, shared use of needles, breast feeding, and sexual contact. The prevalence varies according to the geographical area, racial group, and studied population. About 1 to 4% of the infected individuals develop some type of disease due to infection. The association is recognized among the HTLV-I infection and Leukemia of the Adult?s T-cells, and Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (PET). The objective of this article is to evaluate the seropositivity prevalence for HTLV I/II in the blood donors from the Maringá Regional Blood Bank population. 28.194 blood donors from the Maringá Regional Blood Bank data lab were analyzed from April,2003 to March,2006; and it was observed that the seropositivity for HTLV-I/II through the ELISA test in the donor population (n=28.194) was 0,067% (n=19), as 52,63% were female and 47,36% male. Thus, it is concluded that effective public health actions should be taken in order to prevent the of the human-T lymphotropic virus spread, because there are not effective ways of controlling the diseases associated with it. Counseling seropositivity individuals should also be taken into account as one of the major prevention ways.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Bancos de Sangue , Deltaretrovirus , Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS , Transmissão de Doença InfecciosaRESUMO
Objetivo: a associação entre depressão e virose é estudada há quase dois séculos, com resultados conflitantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma análise crítica dos estudos existentes na literatura sobre essa relação. Métodos: a pesquisa bibliográfica utilizou as fontes eletrônicas de busca MEDLINE e LILACS (1966 a agosto 2005). As referências dos artigos foram utilizados como fonte adicional de consulta. Resultados: foram abordados os trabalhos que tratavam da associação entre depressão e os vírus HIV, EBV, influenza, HSV, HBV, HAV, BDV e HTLV. A relação entre HIV e depressão mostrou-se bem documentada na literatura. Existem indícios de que a prevalência desse transtorno nos indivíduos infectados pelo HIV seja maior do que a encontrada nos soronegativos. Além disso, estudos constataram que a depressão está associada a pior prognóstico da infecção. Quanto à associação entre HCV e depressão, os trabalhos sugeriam maior prevalência desse transtorno psiquiátrico nos portadores do HCV comparados à população geral. Não existem evidências científicas suficientes para dar suporte à relação entre os demais vírus e depressão. Conclusão: as associações mais bem fundamentadas foram aquelas entre depressão e os vírus HIV e HCV. A relação entre as demais viroses e depressão precisa ser mais bem estudada, e trabalhos com delineamento adequado se fazem necessários.