RESUMO
Curcuma longa is a rhizome used for the extraction of curcumin, a yellow colorant that only represents 3 wt% of the dried rhizome. To increase the possibility of using the entire rhizome as a food colorant, in the present investigation, the effect of ultra-fine friction grinding (supermasscolloider) to obtain turmeric suspensions was evaluated. To achieve this goal, two distances between the grinding stones or Gap were evaluated (G of -1 and -1.5), and the obtained suspensions were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and through the determination of curcumin content, color, particle size, sedimentation index, serum cloudiness, and microstructure. The results establish that a lower G contributes to an increase in the release of curcumin in the suspension up to 21%, which is related to a greater tendency for yellow coloration, observed in the increase of the * b coordinate of color (from 61.588 to 66.497). Additionally, it was found that a lower G generates smaller particle sizes, which is related to a lower turbidity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research shows that ultra-fine friction grinding (UFFG) has great potential for the development of turmeric suspensions. The results have applications in the food industry sector, because UFFG could be used to produce different types of vegetable suspensions.
Assuntos
Curcuma/química , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/isolamento & purificação , Manipulação de Alimentos/instrumentação , Tamanho da Partícula , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Rizoma/químicaRESUMO
Curcumin, an aromatic phytoextract from the turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome, has been used for centuries for a variety of purposes, not the least of which is medicinal. A growing body of evidence suggests that curcumin has a broad range of potentially therapeutic pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-neoplastic effects, among others. Clinical applications of curcumin have been hampered by quality control concerns and limited oral bioavailability, although novel formulations appear to have largely overcome these issues. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have found that curcumin's cytoprotective and other biological activities may play a role in an array of benign and malignant hepatobiliary conditions, including but not limited to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cholestatic liver disease (e.g. primary sclerosing cholangitis), and cholangiocarcinoma. Here we provide an overview of fundamental principles, recent discoveries, and potential clinical hepatobiliary applications of this pleiotropic phytocompound.
Assuntos
Doenças Biliares/tratamento farmacológico , Sistema Biliar/efeitos dos fármacos , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Hepatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Sistema Biliar/metabolismo , Sistema Biliar/patologia , Doenças Biliares/metabolismo , Doenças Biliares/patologia , Curcuma , Curcumina/efeitos adversos , Curcumina/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Hepatopatias/metabolismo , Hepatopatias/patologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
Curcumin, a phenolic compound extracted from Curcuma longa, is commonly used in Asia as a spice and pigment and has several biological functions, particularly antioxidant properties. It has been reported that curcumin exhibits bifunctional antioxidant properties related to its capability to react directly with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and also to its ability to induce the expression of cytoprotective and antioxidant proteins through the transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Recently, it has been postulated that the mitochondrial function and metabolism are associated with Nrf2 and that curcumin has shown activities against mitochondrial dysfunction. The damage in mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases like diabetes, cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on some of the most recent findings of curcumin properties that suggest a close relationship of this antioxidant with the mitochondrial function.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Curcuma , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Curcuma/química , Curcumina/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/patologia , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Schistosomiasis remains a severe problem of public health in developing countries. Several reports show that praziquantel, the drug of choice for treating schistosomiasis, can select Schistosoma mansoni strains resistant to the drug. Thus, developing new drugs against this parasitosis is a highly desirable goal. Curcumin, a phenolic compound deriving from the plant Curcuma longa, has been shown to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic effects. Recently, our group has demonstrated that curcumin causes the separation of S. mansoni adult worm pairs, eggs infertility, decreased oviposition and parasite viability, leading to death. In the present work, we have investigated the effects of curcumin on S. mansoni gene expression in adult worms through microarray analyses. Our results showed 2374 genes that were significantly and differentially expressed, of which 981 were up-regulated and 1393 were down-regulated. Among the differentially expressed genes there were components of important signaling pathways involved in embryogenesis and oogenesis such as Notch and TGF-ß. Gene networks most significantly enriched with altered genes were identified, including a network related to Cellular Function and Maintenance, Molecular Transport, Organ Development, which is connected to the TGF-ß signaling pathway and might be related to the effect of curcumin on pairing of adult worm pairs, egg production and viability of worms. qPCR validation experiments with 7 genes have confirmed the expression changes detected with arrays. Here we suggest that transcriptional repression observed in Notch and TGF-ß pathways could explain the effects on oviposition and egg development described in the literature.