RESUMO
To test whether migraine and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are associated with increased sympathetic tone, we compared the neuropeptide Y-like (NPY-LI) and chromogranin A-like immunoreactivities (LI) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from migraneurs and SAH patients with those from control subjects. Increased sympathetic tone was expected to produce higher co-release of these co-stored peptides and concordant changes in their CSF levels. In addition, we investigated a possible disturbed nitric oxide homeostasis by measuring CSF nitrites (NO). More than 70% of CSF NPY-LI corresponded to the chromatographic peak (HPLC) for the intact molecule in all three groups. Migraneurs had 64% higher CSF NPY-LI, but no significant difference in CSF chromogranin A-LI, as compared to controls. In contrast, SAH patients had 74% less CSF chromogranin A-LI and a trend to lower NPY-LI, as compared to controls. No differences in CSF NO were detected among groups. These results argue against an increased sympathetic tone in patients with either migraine or SAH, and suggest that the higher CSF NPY-LI of migraneurs probably originates from central neurons. Furthermore, our findings in SAH patients argue in favor of a decreased sympathetic tone; this could be a homeostatic response to counterbalance vasoconstriction mediated by other mechanisms.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/análise , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neuropeptídeo Y/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Sistema Vasomotor/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Cromogranina A , Cromograninas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/fisiopatologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/fisiologia , Nitritos/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Estudos Prospectivos , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/fisiopatologia , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a calcium binding protein and a precursor of modulatory peptides in the brain. We measured CgA-like immunoreactivity (CgA-LI) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 15 male schizophrenic patients (diagnosed by DSM-III-R criteria) after 3 nights of polysomnography. Patients had been drug free for at least 33 days. Our earlier report that CSF CgA-LI in schizophrenic patients correlated significantly with negative symptoms and ventricle-brain ratios, which have been related to slow wave sleep, raised the possibility that CgA-LI might relate to slow wave sleep. CSF CgA-LI was significantly correlated with stage 4 sleep and rapid eye movement latency. Whether these positive relationships between CSF CgA-LI and electroencephalographic sleep measures are specific for schizophrenia awaits further study.