RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between prepartum subclinical hypomagnesemia (pre-SHMg) and the occurrence of dystocia, metritis, clinical mastitis, lameness, and subclinical hypomagnesemia postpartum (post-SHMg) in pasture-based dairy cows. Also, the difference in means of prepartum magnesium (Mg) concentration by postpartum health events was evaluated. A total of 890 dairy cows from 32 commercial farms located in southern Chile were enrolled. Cows were examined twice, once between 30 and 3 days before and once between 3 and 30 days after calving. Blood samples were collected on both assessments, and cows were considered as having SHMg if serum total Mg < 0.65 mmol/L. On the postpartum visit, cows were evaluated for metritis and lameness. Information about clinical mastitis and dystocia was collected from on-farm records. Data were analyzed using multivariable mixed linear models and multivariable mixed logistic regression models. The overall prevalence of pre-SHMg was 9.9%, and its presence was associated with the occurrence of post-SHMg (odd ratio [OR] = 5.7; P < 0.0001) and metritis (OR = 3.1; P = 0.04). However, we did not detect an association between pre-SHMg and dystocia, clinical mastitis, or lameness after calving. Prepartum serum Mg concentrations were lower in cows that developed post-SHMg than those that did not (LSM ± SE = 0.75 ± 0.02 mmol/L vs. 0.83 ± 0.02 mmol/L; P < 0.0001). In conclusion, pre-SHMg was associated with a higher risk of post-SHMg and metritis in grazing dairy cows but not other postpartum health events.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Magnésio , Período Pós-Parto , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Chile/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Gravidez , Magnésio/sangue , Magnésio/análise , Distocia/veterinária , Distocia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Endometrite/veterinária , Endometrite/epidemiologia , Endometrite/sangue , Deficiência de Magnésio/veterinária , Deficiência de Magnésio/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Magnésio/sangue , Mastite Bovina/epidemiologia , Mastite Bovina/sangue , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Coxeadura Animal/sangue , Indústria de LaticíniosRESUMO
The role of hoof morphology is increasingly recognized as a factor associated with lameness incidence in performance horses. The primary objective was to evaluate effect of training initiation on hoof unevenness in Quarter Horses (n = 42; 29 2-year-olds, 13 3-year-olds) over 6-months (m) in training (m0, m2, m4, and m6). Horses were objectively assessed for lameness (inertial sensor system) and photographs and radiographs of feet were taken. Hoof measurements were taken (palmar/plantar angles, frog base width/length, toe length/angle, heel length/angle, heel/foot width, wall height/angle), and analyzed with regards to laterality. Front and hindfoot pairs were determined even if toe angles were within 1.5°. Statistical analyses were performed (Fisher's exact test, mixed-model linear regression, P < .05). There were no differences in distal phalanx palmar/plantar angle between lame/nonlame forelimbs (P = .54) or hindlimbs (P = .20). Unevenness between front feet was seen in toe angle m6 (P < .001), heel length m6 (P = .01) and heel angle over time (P = .006). Unevenness between hind feet was seen at m6 in toe angle (P < .001), heel length (P = .009) and heel angle (P = .02). Lameness incidence did not differ between even and uneven footed horses in forelimbs (P = .64) or hindlimbs (P = .09). In uneven feet, there was no difference in lameness between high versus low foot in forelimbs (P = .34) or hindlimbs (P = .29). Limitations include lack of control group not entering training, lack of consistency in timing data collection to previous trimming, and small sample size. In summary, differences in foot measurements and laterality were noted over time following training initiation in juvenile Western performance horses.
Assuntos
Casco e Garras , Doenças dos Cavalos , Cavalos , Animais , Casco e Garras/diagnóstico por imagem , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Marcha , Membro Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In order to assess the level of sheep welfare in small traditional farms as compared with farms of increased size we evaluated several animal-based parameters and applied a modified Animal Needs Index (ANI) protocol in farms located in the North-East of the country. We selected ten sheep farms: 5 farms had less than 20 ewes per flock (Group L20), whereas 5 farms had more than 20 ewes per flock (Group M20). Based on the recordings performed using the ANI scheme Group L20 constantly showed higher scores as compared with Group M20. In Group M20 a higher proportion of animals was affected by skin and wool damages, low body condition, tail mutilation, ocular discharge, nasal discharge, diarrhoea (P < 0.05) and lameness (P < 0.01). We observed a higher percentage of non-anaemic animals in group L20 and a higher percentage of anaemic animals in Group M20 (P < 0.01). Although based on a small sample, our results showed that several animal-based measures were able to discriminate the two groups of farms with higher levels of animal welfare detected in small flocks.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Fazendas/estatística & dados numéricos , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Animais , Abrigo para Animais , México/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , OvinosRESUMO
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate factors associated with lameness in dairy cows on intensive farms in southern Brazil. Farms (freestall: nâ¯=â¯38; compost-bedded pack: nâ¯=â¯12) having on average 274 (range: 41-901) lactating cows were visited once in 2016 (March to October). Potential risk factors for lameness at the cow, pen and herd levels were investigated through inspection of facilities, examination of cows and the use of data collected on routine management practices. All milking cows on each farm were assessed for gait score and BCS (nâ¯=â¯13,716). Associations between lameness, days in milk (DIM), BCS, parity, and test-day milk yield were investigated in 16 farms with available data (nâ¯=â¯5,301 cows). Mixed-effects linear and logistic regressions were used to model the data. Within-herd lameness prevalence was 41.1% (range: 13.8-64.5, SDâ¯=â¯11.3). First- and second-lactation cows after 120 DIM and older cows after 335 DIM were more likely to be observed lame than early lactation cows. Greater parity and low BCS (≤ 2.75) were associated with increased odds of lameness. Severely lame cows had lower milk yield (on average 1.3â¯kg/d) than non-lame cows. Freestall dairies using mattresses as stall base had greater within-pen (95% CI: 52-69%) and herd-level (38-57%) lameness prevalence than compost-bedded farms. Higher lameness prevalence was observed on farms having slippery feed bunk alley floors (32-49%) and shortened dry periods (< 60 days: 32-42%). First-lactation pens had lower predicted within-pen lameness prevalence (0-4%) and special-needs pens higher (52-73%) compared with the prevalence observed in compost-bedded fresh-cow pens (19-41%). Freestall pens using sawdust deep-bedding had greater (46-68%) within-pen lameness prevalence, but the prevalence in barns using sand was not different from compost-bedded farms. Given the high lameness prevalence observed in this study, there is a great opportunity for implementation of lameness prevention programs. Providing walking surfaces with high traction that facilitates mobility and using soft and deep-bedded material, such as compost and sand (and avoiding the use of mattresses) may reduce lameness prevalence in the types of dairy farms visited in this study.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Compostagem , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Pisos e Cobertura de Pisos , Abrigo para Animais , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Lactação , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Cattle lameness is an important welfare concern that also has an economic impact on the dairy industry. It can be a significant problem among pasture-based herds. Our objectives were to identify cow- and herd-level factors related to lameness and hoof lesions in dairy cows grazing year-round in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We performed a cross-sectional study in 48 pasture-based dairy herds, visiting each farm in a single visit. We evaluated 2,262 cows for mobility score (0-3) and 392 cows for hoof lesions. We used a questionnaire and checklist to capture herd management data. All information obtained was used to build multivariable models. The factors associated with lameness were low body condition score, longer time spent in the corral, being kept in paddocks during the drought period, and poor hygiene. For hoof lesions, track features were the most significant factor in determining the likelihood of heel horn erosion, white line fissure, and sole hemorrhage-by more than 3 times. Different factors related to unhygienic conditions such as leg cleanliness, frequency of cleaning, and longer time spent in the corral were associated with infectious hoof lesions. Poor human-animal relationship was related to sole hemorrhage, but patient handling of cows on the track was a protective factor against interdigital hyperplasia. The results of this study suggest that improving hygiene conditions, track features, and cow handling can improve dairy cattle mobility scores in pasture-based farms under tropical conditions. These findings also represent a first step toward planning actions aimed at decreasing lameness and hoof lesions in the studied region.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/etiologia , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Casco e Garras/patologia , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/normas , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Lista de Checagem , Estudos Transversais , Meio Ambiente , Fazendas/classificação , Fazendas/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Marcha , Manobra Psicológica , Higiene , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Registros/veterinária , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Clima TropicalRESUMO
With international demand for production systems aimed at thermal comfort and animal welfare, milk producers have become increasingly interested in compost barns. However, doubts about the behavioral aspects of cows in tropical and subtropical climates remain, because the compost barn system offers a larger bed area per animal at a lower stocking rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the diurnal behaviors, hygiene and lameness of crossbred dairy cows are influenced by different number of lactations when housed in a compost-bedded pack barn system under hot and humid conditions. Crossbred cows (Holstein and Jersey), which were divided into two treatments based on number of lactations (primiparous and multiparous cows), were evaluated during lactation (n=12). The study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2016 in a compost barn in the southwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Daytime behavior was observed between milking schedules using focal observations with 0/1 sampling. Cow hygiene and lameness were evaluated using subjective scores ranging from 1 to 4 and 1 to 5, respectively. Animal behavior and welfare was analyzed using Bayesian inference with a mixed effects model. The probabilities of dyspnea and pushing behaviors were higher (P<0.05) in multiparous cows, and the probability increased during the hottest hours of the day. For both multiparous and primiparous cows, the agonistic behaviors of pushing, butting and chasing peaked during the afternoon. Eating behaviors had the highest likelihood values (0.8 at 0800 h). The cows preferred to remain lying down in the morning, while rest and standing rumination were preferred in the afternoon. Primiparous cows were cleaner than multiparous cows, and the hygiene score for this group was significantly lower (P<0.05). The hygiene and lameness scores for all animals were low, and the highest scores were 1 and 2. In conclusion, multiparous cows exhibited more frequent agonistic behaviors during the hottest hours of the day. Regarding hygiene and lameness scores, multiparous cows exhibited a higher degree of dirtiness compared with the primiparous cows.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Abrigo para Animais , Umidade/efeitos adversos , Comportamento Agonístico , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Feminino , Higiene , Lactação , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Lameness is a growing concern to the dairy industry worldwide. However, little is known about lameness and its causes in grazing cattle, especially in tropical climates. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hoof lesions and lameness in dairy herds of all year-round grazing cattle under tropical condition, and to identify the main lesions associated with lameness. We visited 48 farms located in the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, equally divided into four groups based on daily milk production. All lactating cows in the visited farms were locomotion scored, and a representative sample was randomly chosen for hoof inspection. Among the 2267 lactating cows evaluated, 16% were scored as lame and 7% as severely lame. Nearly all cows presented at least one type of hoof lesion, of which heel horn erosion (90%), white line fissure (50%), and digital dermatitis (33%) were the most prevalent. Heel horn erosion was present in all farms and digital dermatitis was present in 96% of the farms. Sole ulcer was observed in a single animal. Additionally, digital dermatitis and white line fissure were correlated to a 2.5 times increase in the odds of a poor mobility score. Collectively, our results demonstrate that digital dermatitis and white line fissure are the main concern and the biggest cause of lameness in grazing cattle under tropical conditions.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/etiologia , Casco e Garras/patologia , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Indústria de Laticínios , Dermatite Digital/complicações , Dermatite Digital/epidemiologia , Fazendas , Feminino , Marcha , Lactação , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Locomoção , PrevalênciaRESUMO
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess lameness occurrence and to identify the associated risk factors in small-scale grazing dairy herds. Forty four farms (mean lactating herd size was 42 cows, SDâ¯=â¯11.2, range: 28-74) located in the south of Brazil were visited twice, approximately 4 months apart, in 2015. Locomotion was scored in 1633 and 1836 cows at the first and second visit, respectively. Potential risk factors for lameness were assessed through inspection of cows and facilities, and a questionnaire for farmers about herd management practices. Multilevel logistic regressions, using herd as random effect, were fitted to investigate the cow-level risk factors for accumulated incident (not lame at the first visit but lame on the second), chronic (lame on both visits) and recovered (lame at the first visit but sound on the second) cases of lameness. A multilevel linear regression, using municipality as a random effect, was fitted for herd-level analysis. Cumulative lameness incidence between two visits (1110 cows in 41 herds) was 29.6% (range: 0-80); lameness prevalence (nâ¯=â¯44 herds) was 31% (10-70) and 35% (5-76) at the first and second visits, respectively. The odds of incident cases were greater in Holstein cows [odds ratio (OR)â¯=â¯4.0, 95% confidence interval 2.1-7.6] compared with Jerseys, in cows in parities 2-3 (OR 2.5, 1.4-4.4) or >3 (OR 6.6, 3.3-13.1) relative to parity 1, in cows having a low body condition score (BCS) of 2-2.75 or 3 on the first visit (OR 2, 1.1-3.7), and in cows with observed hoof abnormalities (OR 2.5, 1.3-4.7). Similar associations were found for chronic cases, with Holstein and crossbred cows having greater odds of lameness, compared to Jersey, and chronic cases being more likely in cows with increasing parity, with BCS at first visit of 2-2.75, and with presence of hoof abnormalities. Jersey or crossbred cows (OR 3.2, 1.3-8.1) and cows in parity 1-2 (OR 3.6, 1.6-8.4) had higher probability of recovery from lameness. Having a herd composed of Holstein cows was associated with 13.5% (CI 4.3-22.8) greater incidence of lameness (nâ¯=â¯35). For every 1â¯km/h increase in the average speed of movement of the herd to or from milking, lameness incidence increased by 5% (CI 0.1-10). Given that the occurrence of lameness was high there is great opportunity to reduce lameness in this population. This study highlights some management and prevention practices that may reduce lameness in these grazing herds.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/etiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/genética , Estudos Transversais , Indústria de Laticínios , Feminino , Incidência , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Coxeadura Animal/genética , Modelos Logísticos , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Digital dermatitis (DD) is one of the main causes of lameness in dairy cattle worldwide, and it is frequently reported in high-yielding, free stall dairy herds from regions with a temperate climate. However, DD is also observed with high prevalence in grazing cattle with a low milk yield in tropical regions. To clarify whether these differences have an impact on the etiology of the disease, we studied DD lesions from all year round grazing cattle of mixed breed in Brazil using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fluorescent in situ hybridization. The study included samples from 66 skin lesions and 5 healthy skins collected from five farms. Both techniques showed Treponema spp. to be the most abundant bacteria, present in all but one of the samples with minimal epidermal alterations. We identified eleven different Treponema strains belonging to the six major phylotypes of Treponema which have all previously been identified in DD lesions. Furthermore, we identify Dichelobacter nodosus in DD lesions by gene sequencing and also by fluorescent in situ hybridization in almost half of biopsy specimens in areas with mild epithelial damage and together with Treponema. The present data support the hypothesis that Treponema constitutes the main pathogen responsible for DD, independent of the environment and region where cows are kept, and it further suggests D. nodosus as another potentially important pathogen.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Dichelobacter nodosus/patogenicidade , Dermatite Digital/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Infecções por Treponema/veterinária , Animais , Biópsia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Dichelobacter nodosus/genética , Dichelobacter nodosus/isolamento & purificação , Dermatite Digital/epidemiologia , Dermatite Digital/patologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/patologia , Herbivoria , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Coxeadura Animal/microbiologia , Coxeadura Animal/patologia , Ribotipagem , Treponema/genética , Treponema/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Treponema/epidemiologia , Infecções por Treponema/microbiologia , Infecções por Treponema/patologiaRESUMO
Within the last few decades, the North American and European dairy industries have been collecting information about lameness and leg injury prevalence on dairy farms and have tried to develop solutions to mitigate these ailments. Few published articles report the prevalence of lameness and leg lesions in areas outside of those 2 regions, or how alternative housing systems, such as compost-bedded packs, affect the prevalence of these maladies. The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of lameness and leg lesions on confined dairies that used freestall, compost-bedded packs, or a combination of these 2 systems in Brazil. Data were collected in the autumn and winter of 2016 from 50 dairy farms located in Paraná state, including 12 compost-bedded pack dairies (CB), 23 freestall dairies (FS), and 15 freestall dairies that used compost-bedded packs for vulnerable cows (FS+C). A visit to the farm consisted of a management questionnaire, an inspection of the housing areas as well as the milking parlor, and an evaluation of all lactating cows as they exited the parlor for lameness (score 1-5), hygiene (score 0-2), body condition score (score 1-5), and hock and knee lesions (score 0-1). Median 1-way chi-squared test was used to compare production systems. We found no difference between farm types in management practices related to hoof health management or average daily milk production per cow [31 (29-33.9) kg/d; median (quartile 1-3)], percentage of Holstein cattle in the herd [100% (90-100%)], conception rate [35.8% (30.2-38%)], or pregnancy rate [15% (13.7-18%)]. The CB farms were smaller [85 (49.5-146.5) milking cows] than both the FS [270 (178-327.5) milking cows] and FS+C farms [360 (150-541.5) milking cows). The overall prevalence of severe lameness (score 4 and 5) across all farms was 21.2% (15.2-28.5%) but was lower on the CB farms [14.2% (8.45-15.5%)] in comparison to the FS [22.2% (16.8-26.7%)] and the FS+C farms [22.2% (17.4-32.8%)]. Less than 1% of all cows scored on CB farms were observed with swollen or wounded knees (or both), which was lower than either the FS or FS+C farms [7.4% (3.6-11.9%) and 6.4% (2.6-11.8%) of all cows scored, respectively]. The same pattern was found for hock lesions, where the farm-level prevalence within the 3 different housing types was 0.5% (0-0.9%), 9.9% (0.8-15.3%), and 5.7% (2.6-10.9%) for CB, FS, and FS+C farms, respectively. No differences between farm systems were observed for hygiene or body condition score. On average, 2.7% (0.8-10.9%) of lactating cows had a soiled side, 15.4% (2.1-37.4%) had dirty legs and 1.7% (0-9.3%) had dirty udders. The average herd-level body condition score across farms was 2.9 (2.9-3), with 0.86% of the all cows scored having a body condition score <2.5. These results indicate that lameness prevalence on confined dairies in Brazil is high and highlight the need for remedial changes in environmental design and management practices. We found that CB farms in this region had reduced lameness and lesions in relation to FS or FS+C dairies.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Indústria de Laticínios , Abrigo para Animais , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Traumatismos da Perna/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Fazendas , Feminino , Lactação , Coxeadura Animal/patologia , Traumatismos da Perna/epidemiologia , Traumatismos da Perna/patologia , Glândulas Mamárias Animais , Gravidez , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The objective was to analyze the association between disease occurrence during early lactation and reproductive performance and survival of dairy cows in high-producing herds, under different management practices in three geographic regions of Chile. Data included 30,757 lactation records of cows calving from January 2013 to June 2014 in three different locations: Central (C) area (n = 6198 cows in eight herds), Central-South (CS) area(n = 17,234 cows in 12 herds), and South (S) area (n = 7325 cows in six herds). Data were analyzed using logistic regression and ANOVA, considering cow as the experimental unit. Covariables offered to the models included parity number, season of calving, cow and herd relative milk yield, geographic location, and management system. Average milk yield (305 ME) per cow were 12,091, 11,783, and 6852 kg for C, CS, and S regions, respectively. Time from calving to first service and time to conception were consistently greater for cows with at least one disease event within 50 days in milk (DIM), for cows that were reported lame, or for cows that had mastitis or metritis. The odds (95% confidence interval) of pregnancy at 150 DIM (P150) and the odds of survival until 150 DIM (S150) for cows that had at least one disease event within 50 DIM were 0.84 (0.79-0.91) times the odds of pregnancy and 0.25 (0.22-0.28) times the odds of survival for healthy cows. The odds of P150 for cows located in the C and CS areas were 1.56 (1.36-1.80) and 1.16 (1.04-1.30) times the odds of P150 for cows in the S area. The odds of S150 for cows located in the C and CS areas were 0.48 (0.37-0.62) and 0.54 (0.42-0.67) times the odds of S150 for cows in the S area. These data suggested that cow health status and geographic location are significantly associated with reproductive performance and survival in this population of Chilean dairy cows.
Assuntos
Endometrite/veterinária , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Mastite Bovina/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/veterinária , Reprodução/fisiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Chile/epidemiologia , Endometrite/epidemiologia , Feminino , Fertilidade , Coxeadura Animal/complicações , Mastite Bovina/complicações , GravidezRESUMO
The welfare of an individual depends on its capacity to overcome suboptimal conditions in its environment; otherwise, its physical and psychological health becomes compromised. A situation that clearly indicates lack of control of the environment is the expression of abnormal behaviours, such as stereotypies. This study aimed to verify the well-being of police horses using a new rapid form of welfare assessment: an archaeological approach. To this end, we sampled and quantified marks found on the stables, deposited as a result of abnormal behaviour. We cross-referenced these physical marks with veterinary records of diseases, such as colic, known to be associated with stress. A total of 46 horses were sampled and the results showed a significant medium-strength, positive correlation between bite mark frequency on stable doors and the incidence of colic. A weak significant positive correlation was found between length of scratch marks (from pawing) and the incidence of lameness. We conclude that these marks reflect the accumulated expression of abnormal behaviour and can provide rapid insight into the welfare of individual animals.
Assuntos
Bem-Estar do Animal , Arqueologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cólica/epidemiologia , Cólica/veterinária , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/psicologia , Cavalos , Abrigo para Animais , MasculinoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to describe the reasons for removal in three pig farms under the tropical conditions of Mexico. Data were obtained from the records from 2003 to 2009, including a total of 7,236 commercial culled sows. Farms 1 and 3 were full-cycle farms with 3,500 and 550 sows. Farm 2 was a two-cycle farm with 450 sows. The specific reasons for removal were grouped into six general categories. The descriptive statistics of the reasons for removal were obtained using cross tabulation tables. Chi-square was used to test between farm differences. Reproductive reasons accounted for the largest proportion of all removals (26.9%) of which anestrous and repeated estrous contributed with 34.2% and 20.8%, respectively. Locomotor problems were responsible for 15.5% of all removals, of which lameness was the main concern (56.3%) followed by "sow downer" syndrome (23.9%). Low production accounted for 12.8% of all removals of which 62.2% were due to small litter sizes and 37.8% due to disgalactia. Diseases were responsible for 13.0% of all removals of which respiratory problems was the most important (73.6%). Age as a cause of removal comprised 24.1% and the category "miscellaneous" 7.7% of all removals. Poor body condition and death reasons represented 2.6% and 1.6%, respectively. Differences between removal reasons were found between farms.
Assuntos
Infertilidade Feminina/veterinária , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Reprodução , Sus scrofa/fisiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Anestro , Animais , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Infertilidade Feminina/epidemiologia , México , Paridade , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Suínos , Clima TropicalRESUMO
To investigate the association between locomotion score and types of hoof lesion, cows from 91 selected dairy herds in southern Chile were studied. The locomotion score was recorded for all of the lactating cows (n=10,699). The mean prevalence of lame cows, when all locomotion scores >1 were included was 33.2% in large herds and 28.7% in small herds. There were 39.7%, 42%, 17.9% and 0.4% cows with locomotion scores of 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Feet (with locomotion scores representative of all severities of lameness) were examined on 676 cows from 34 large herds and 422 cows from 57 small herds. The prevalence of lesions by type ranged from 65% of cattle with at least one white line lesion to 2% of cattle with an interdigital growth. The lesions linked with increasingly poor locomotion were sole ulcer, double sole and interdigital purulent inflammation. There was correlation between claw skin lesions and also between sole ulcer and double sole within cows. It was concluded that the presence of a lesion does not imply that it is necessarily associated with increasing locomotion score. The lack of association between certain lesions and poor locomotion scores indicates either that these lesions are causing different severities of lameness, or that the case definitions used were not sufficiently precise. Locomotion score may not be sensitive enough to detect all lesions (and possibly discomfort).
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Úlcera do Pé/veterinária , Casco e Garras/patologia , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Locomoção/fisiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Indústria de Laticínios , Feminino , Úlcera do Pé/complicações , Úlcera do Pé/epidemiologia , Úlcera do Pé/patologia , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Coxeadura Animal/patologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Outbreaks of papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) have been reported from many countries, but there is little information on prevalence and geographic distribution of the disease. Our objectives were to describe prevalence of PDD on dairies belonging to the two main dairy-producer associations in Chile, and to evaluate a milking-parlor screening method for detection of PDD in dairy cows. First, a self-administered questionnaire was sent to all 214 association dairy managers. Seventy percent of the 119 respondents had observed PDD on their dairies. About 83% of the 63 responding managers had first seen PDD during the previous 10 years. Subsequently, a random sample of 43 dairies stratified by association was selected from the total 214 for PDD screening. During milking, we inspected cows' feet for PDD lesions; 91% of dairies had cows affected by PDD; median PDD prevalence for milking cows in dairies was 6.1%. Finally, in one dairy, PDD screening at the parlor was compared to PDD diagnosis by inspecting restrained cows in a chute. The screening method had a sensitivity of 0.72, and a specificity of 0.99. This study demonstrated that PDD was widespread on study dairies in Chile. The screening test presented can be used as a cost efficient method to estimate prevalence of PDD either on individual dairies or in large-scale surveys.