RESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Diagnosticar, avaliar e descrever os achados clínico-genéticos e oftalmológicos de pacientes com síndrome de Stickler tipo II de uma mesma família. MÉTODOS: Todos os pacientes com alterações oftalmológicas foram submetidos à radiografia de mãos e punhos para idade óssea e posteriormente analisados pelo exame clínico-genético. O diagnóstico de síndrome de Stickler foi dado mediante análise clínica e correlação com o perfil metacarpofalangeano visualizado na radiografia. RESULTADOS: Síndrome de Stickler tipo II foi comprovada em 11 pacientes. Os achados oculares mais importantes foram: alta miopia (80 por cento), subluxação do cristalino (70 por cento), exotropia (50 por cento) e anomalias vítreo-retinianas (80 por cento) incluindo vazio vítreo (50 por cento). O exame clínico-genético revelou que 30 por cento dos pacientes apresentavam micrognatia, 50 por cento hipoacusia, 40 por cento depressão nasal e 60 por cento palato alto. Hipermotilidade articular e dedos longos foram demonstrados em 7 casos (70 por cento) e artropatia esteve presente em 3 pacientes (30 por cento dos casos). CONCLUSÕES: O diagnóstico da síndrome de Stickler é difícil devido à variabilidade fenotípica e a existência de outras síndromes genéticas com características semelhantes. As radiografias de mão e punho são de particular importância no diagnóstico desta síndrome.
PURPOSE: To diagnose, evaluate and describe the clinical, genetic and ophthalmic characteristics of a family with type II Stickler syndrome. METHODS: X-rays for bone age, clinical and genetic evaluation were performed in all patients with ocular alterations. The Stickler syndrome diagnosis was established after correlating these examinations. RESULTS: Type II Stickler syndrome was found in 11 patients. The most important ocular findings were: high myopia (80 percent), lens subluxation (70 percent), exotropia (50 percent) and vitreoretinal abnormalities (80 percent) including vitreous cavity (50 percent). The clinical genetic examination disclosed that 30 percent of the patients had micrognathia, 50 percent hearing loss, 40 percent nasal depression and 60 percent high palate. Seven cases had articular hypermotility and long fingers and arthropathy was present in 3 cases. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of the Stickler syndrome is difficult due to its phenotypic variability and the existence of other genetic syndromes with similar characteristics. Hand and wrist radiographs are of particular importance in the diagnosis of this syndrome.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oftalmopatias Hereditárias/diagnóstico , Ossos da Mão , Punho , Oftalmopatias Hereditárias/genética , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Pressão Intraocular , Miopia/diagnóstico , Miopia/genética , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Síndrome , Corpo Vítreo/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To diagnose, evaluate and describe the clinical, genetic and ophthalmic characteristics of a family with type II Stickler syndrome. METHODS: X-rays for bone age, clinical and genetic evaluation were performed in all patients with ocular alterations. The Stickler syndrome diagnosis was established after correlating these examinations. RESULTS: Type II Stickler syndrome was found in 11 patients. The most important ocular findings were: high myopia (80%), lens subluxation (70%), exotropia (50%) and vitreoretinal abnormalities (80%) including vitreous cavity (50%). The clinical genetic examination disclosed that 30% of the patients had micrognathia, 50% hearing loss, 40% nasal depression and 60% high palate. Seven cases had articular hypermotility and long fingers and arthropathy was present in 3 cases. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of the Stickler syndrome is difficult due to its phenotypic variability and the existence of other genetic syndromes with similar characteristics. Hand and wrist radiographs are of particular importance in the diagnosis of this syndrome.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Miopia/diagnóstico , Descolamento do Vítreo/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Ossos da Mão/diagnóstico por imagem , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miopia/genética , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Radiografia , Síndrome , Corpo Vítreo/fisiologia , Descolamento do Vítreo/genética , Punho/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Different from most mammalian species, the optic nerve of the rabbit eye is initially formed inside the retina where myelination of the axons of the ganglion cells starts and vascularization occurs. Astrocytes are confined to these regions. The aforementioned nerve fibers known as medullated nerve fibers form two bundles that may be identified with the naked eye. The blood vessels run on the inner surface of these nerve fiber bundles (epivascularization) and, accordingly, the accompanying astrocytes lie mostly facing the vitreous body from which they are separated only by the inner limiting membrane of the retina. The arrangement of the astrocytes around blood vessels leads to the formation of structures known as glial tufts. Fragments (N = 3) or whole pieces (N = 3) of the medullated nerve fiber region of three-month-old male rabbits (Orictolagus cuniculus) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide, and their thin sections were examined with a transmission electron microscope. Randomly located discontinuities (up to a few micrometers long) of the basement membrane of the inner limiting membrane of the retina were observed in the glial tufts. As a consequence, a direct contact between the astrocyte plasma membrane and vitreous elements was demonstrated, making possible functional interactions such as macromolecular exchanges between this glial cell type and the components of the vitreous body.