RESUMO
Forty Santa Ines sheep (Ovis aries Lin.) hearts were examined with the purpose of studying the present types of chordae tendineae in the left valve complex. The study was performed at the State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Morphology sector of the Agricultural Science Animal Health Center Laboratory. Hearts were initially kept in 10% formalin solution and later dissected to undergo removal and plannifcation of left atrioventricular complex. With the removal of the left atrioventricular complex began the observation and characterization of the cord. After the analysis we observed the presence of eight types of cuspidal chordae tendineae present in the left valve complex, they were classifed as type I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and commissural kind.
Assuntos
Animais , Cordas Tendinosas , Coração/anatomia & histologia , Cordas Tendinosas/anatomia & histologia , Coração , Dissecação , OvinosRESUMO
Atrioventricular valve complex of 30 Jafarabadi water buffaloes, adult males were studied in this research with no heart diseases. The animals were obtained from a slaughterhouse in Brazilian State of Parana. The hearts were opened at the third portion affording access to the valve complex. The complexes had its area, number and type of tendinous cords submitted to analysis. The results showed that the complex is composed by two cusps and four accessory cusps, two or three papillary muscles in which 10-25 tendinous cords fix on the cusps that face the ventricle wall. The total area of the complex was on average 38.56cm², with a minimum of 24.96cm² and a maximum of 55.54cm². Statistically, no relation between the number of cords and the cusps' area where they are inserted or with the number of papillary muscle where they originated from was observed.(AU)
Foram estudados os complexos valvares atrioventricular esquerdo de 30 búfalos da raça Jafarabadi, machos e adultos, sem alterações cardíacas, provenientes de abatedouros do Estado do Paraná. Os corações foram examinados em seu terço médio para acesso ao complexo valvar, que foi submetido a estudos de área, número e tipificação de cordas tendíneas. Os resultados demonstram que este complexo é formado por duas cúspides principais e quatro cúspides acessórias, apresentam em sua formação de 2-3 músculos papilares, nos quais se inserem de 10-25 cordas tendíneas, que se fixam em cúspides voltadas para a parede do ventrículo. A área total deste complexo apresenta uma média de 38,56cm² com um mínimo de 24,96cm² e um máximo de 55,54cm². Estatisticamente não há relação entre número de cordas e a área da cúspide onde estas estão inseridas, nem com o número de músculos papilares dos quais elas provem.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Adulto , Valva Mitral/anatomia & histologia , Ventrículos do Coração/anatomia & histologia , Cordas Tendinosas/anatomia & histologia , Búfalos/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Atrioventricular valve complex of 30 Jafarabadi water buffaloes, adult males were studied in this research with no heart diseases. The animals were obtained from a slaughterhouse in Brazilian State of Parana. The hearts were opened at the third portion affording access to the valve complex. The complexes had its area, number and type of tendinous cords submitted to analysis. The results showed that the complex is composed by two cusps and four accessory cusps, two or three papillary muscles in which 10-25 tendinous cords fix on the cusps that face the ventricle wall. The total area of the complex was on average 38.56cm², with a minimum of 24.96cm² and a maximum of 55.54cm². Statistically, no relation between the number of cords and the cusps' area where they are inserted or with the number of papillary muscle where they originated from was observed.
Foram estudados os complexos valvares atrioventricular esquerdo de 30 búfalos da raça Jafarabadi, machos e adultos, sem alterações cardíacas, provenientes de abatedouros do Estado do Paraná. Os corações foram examinados em seu terço médio para acesso ao complexo valvar, que foi submetido a estudos de área, número e tipificação de cordas tendíneas. Os resultados demonstram que este complexo é formado por duas cúspides principais e quatro cúspides acessórias, apresentam em sua formação de 2-3 músculos papilares, nos quais se inserem de 10-25 cordas tendíneas, que se fixam em cúspides voltadas para a parede do ventrículo. A área total deste complexo apresenta uma média de 38,56cm² com um mínimo de 24,96cm² e um máximo de 55,54cm². Estatisticamente não há relação entre número de cordas e a área da cúspide onde estas estão inseridas, nem com o número de músculos papilares dos quais elas provem.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Adulto , Cordas Tendinosas/anatomia & histologia , Valva Mitral/anatomia & histologia , Ventrículos do Coração/anatomia & histologia , Búfalos/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
An anatomical study of the tricuspid valve was performed in the hearts of 45 dogs using a method of dissection which preserves the integrity of the valve. Morphometrical criteria such as the width of the cusp base and larger depth of cusp and morphological criteria such as the number of tendinous cords, the perimeter of the fibrous ring and the properties of the papillary muscle were adopted for the characterization of a cusp. The tricuspid valve was not consistent with three cusps, but it was observed to present 2, 4 or 5 cusps in 68% of the cases.
Assuntos
Cordas Tendinosas/anatomia & histologia , Cães/anatomia & histologia , Músculos Papilares/anatomia & histologia , Valva Tricúspide/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
There are frequent citations in the literature stating that lesions of the tendinous cords cause functional disorders of the heart valves. This led us to conduct the present investigation on the anatomy of the tendinous cords. Our objective was to focus on the morphological characteristics of tendinous cords that are inserted directly into the interventricular septum, such as their frequency, number, dimensions and This study was conducted on 50 hearts from adults of both sexes that had been fixed in 10% formaldehyde. The right ventricle was opened by means of an incision parallel to the anterior interventricular groove, and the left ventricle was opened by means of a longitudinal incision in the middle of the pulmonary (left) surface. Our results showed that, in the right ventricle, these tendinous cords constantly appeared without the involvement of papillary muscles (98%). They ranged in number from one to ten, and between two and five was the most common (72%). They were short, mostly ranging from 0.3 to 1.9 cm in length (81.5%) and were preferentially located in the upper third of the interventricular septum (71.4%). They were usually attached to the septal cusp (76.7%) and sometimes to the anterior cusp (21.3%). The cusp insertion sites were the free edge (62%), ventricular surface (32%) and basal edge (6%). It was exceptional to find tendinous cords in the ventricular septum of the left ventricle. Tendinous cords directly inserted into the atrioventricular septum were constantly present in the right ventricle, with varying numbers. They were predominantly short because they were inserted into the upper third of the septum and most often headed towards the septal cusp. It was exception to find tendinous cords in the atrioventricular septum of the left ventricle.
Assuntos
Cordas Tendinosas/anatomia & histologia , Ventrículos do Coração/anatomia & histologia , Valva Tricúspide/anatomia & histologia , Função Ventricular Direita/fisiologia , Septo Interventricular/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cadáver , Cordas Tendinosas/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral/anatomia & histologia , Valva Mitral/fisiologia , Sístole/fisiologia , Valva Tricúspide/fisiologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Septo Interventricular/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La arquitectura de las cuerdas tendinosas y su unión con el músculo papilar fueron estudiados a través de microscopía electrónica de barrido, comparando corazones humanos y de cerdos. Músculos papilares con sus correspondientes cuerdas tendinosas fueron obtenidos de corazones humanos y de cerdos (Sus scrofa) , después de la exposición de la cavidad ventricular izquierda, y fijados con formaldehido al 4 por ciento. Los especímenes fueron seccionados en pequeñas muestras y divididas en cuatro grupos, una control y las otras sometidas a la hidrólisis en una solución de hipoclorito de sodio al 2.5 por ciento en solución salina durante 5, 10 y 15 minutos, respectivamente. Los especímenes fueron lavados y fijados en tetróxido de osmio al 1 por ciento en buffer cacodylate, por ciento mantenidos al 1 por ciento en ácido tánico por 30 minutos, deshidratados y secadas en punto crítico, montados y impregnadas con oro. Los especímenes fueron examinados y documentados en un microscopio electrónico de barrido JEOL 5200. Las cuerdas tendinosas humanas y de cerdos tienen una arquitectura similar: ambas están cubiertas por un endotelio, el cual está en continuidad con los músculos papilares, las capas interiores están compuestas por haces de fibras colágenas longitudinales y oblicuas entremezcladas con fibras elásticas. Diferencias entre corazones humanos y de cerdos fueron encontradas en la unión de las cuerdas tendinosas y el músculo papilar. En el corazón humano los haces de colágenos se mostraron más organizados, formando una malla con las fibras dispuestas en ángulos aproximadamente octogonales, en cambio, en el corazón de cerdo estaban dispuestas al azar.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Cordas Tendinosas/anatomia & histologia , Músculos Papilares/anatomia & histologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Suínos/anatomia & histologia , Sus scrofa/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Observations on fifty hearts of mongrel dogs revealed a special type of Chordae tendineae in 20 (per cent) of cases, characterized by the presence of a single filament originating from a small pillar muscle located on the free wall of the right ventricle. In all cases, insertion of this structure occurred in the smooth zone of the parietal cusp of the right atrioventricualr valve.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães/anatomia & histologia , Cordas Tendinosas/anatomia & histologia , Ventrículos do Coração/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
30 hearts of male and female, white and non-white Brazilians of different ages were studied. The leaflets of the left atrioventricular valves were removed near the fibrous ring and anatomically studied under chirurgical microscope. The authors observed: the leaflets shape, the presence of comissures, the implantation manner of the chordae tendineae and your distribution on the leaflets. Especial attention was concentrated on the terminology used by different authors for the structures of the "mitral complex".