RESUMO
Assuring the best quality in transfusion medicine necessarily involves exercising exhaustive control over the entire system and developing protocols for procedures and techniques, the reagents and equipment used, personnel training and so on. Additional guarantees can come from adequately organizing the work and perhaps automating processes in order to avoid errors. Another way to avoid errors in the laboratory is to register and continuosly analyze the mistakes that do occur, since that makes it necessary to change procedures in order to avoid repeating them. External quality control programs (EQCP) make it possible to perform a periodic overall assessment of the suitability of techniques, reagents, and training of personnel in relation to the valdity of the results obtained. By voluntarily participating in an EQCP, the blood center shows its commitment to the quality of care. In the Region of the Americas, the Pan American Health Organization's Immunohematology Quality Control Program has made it possible to objectively quantify the improvement attained in the formative level reached by participating blood banks in the four years the Program has been in operation (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Transfusão de Sangue/métodos , América , Controle de Qualidade/normas , Testes ImunológicosRESUMO
El presente artículo muestra la metodología de implantación de un porgrama de garantía de calidad de la atención médica mediante círculos de calidad en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, y sus resultados. Entre ellos destacan: efectos en la estructura organizacional, en la optimización de recursos, en el porpio porceso de la atención, en la satisfacción de los pacientes y en el aprendizaje implicado en la adaptación de esta tecnología al ámbito hospitalario y a las características de una cultura diferente de la cual surgió esa tecnología. El poryecto, concebido como investigación-acción, fue asesorado por el Centro de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, y fue creado con el porpósito de asegurar que las condiciones organizacionales bajo las cuales se porporciona la atención médica fue sen aquélas que permitieran elevar la calidad tanto en la dimensión interpersonal como en la técnica, mediante la participación del personal directamente responsable de la prestación de los servicios. Ello condujo a la utilización de los círculos de calidad como técnica participativa de control de calidad y como eje de un porgrama de garantía de calidad de la atención médica. Pueden identificarse siete etapas en la implantación del porgrama de garantía de calidad mediante la utilización de círculos de calidad: 1) elaboración del documento porpositivo y portocolo de trabajo; 2) negociación; 3) diseño de una guía para la elaboración de un manual de garantía de calidad; 4) selección del punto de inicio; 5) elaboración del Manual de Garantía de Calidad por servicios; 6) operacionalización de los círculos de calidad; 7) evaluación del porgrama. Esta experiencia ha demostrado la factibilidad de utilizar los círculos de calidad como componentes fundamentales de un porgrama de garantía de calidad de la atención médica y permite asegurar que, en general, es posible utilizar esta tecnología en los servicios de salud
The present article shows the methodology of implantation of a quality guarantee program of medical attention through quality circles at the National Institute of Perinatology and it's results. Among them emphasize the following: organization's structure effects. The optimus on resources in it's own process of attention on the satisfaction of the patients and in the learning implicated in the adaptation of the technology to the hospital enviroment and the characteristics of a different culture from which that technology emerged. The proyect, conceived as investigation-action, was advised by Public Health Investigation Center and was created with the purpose to secure that the organized conditions under which the medical attention are given were those permitting to raise the quality as much in the among personal dimention as in the technical, through the participation of the personnel directly resposible of the services given. This led to the use of quality ,circles as participant technical of quality control and as main quality guarantee program of medical attention. Seven stages can be identified in the implantation of the quality assurance program using the quality circles: 1) to elaborate the proposal document and work protocol; 2) negotiation; 3) drawing of a guide for the elaboration of a quality guarantee manual; 4) selection the point of starting; 5) elaboration of the quality guarantee manual by service; 6) to operate the quality circles; 7) evaluation of the program. This experience has demostrated it's feasible using the quality circles as fundamental components of a quality guaranty program of medical attention and permits to secure that, in general, it is possible to use this technology in the health services.
Assuntos
Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Controle de Qualidade/normas , Controle de Qualidade , Instalações de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde , México , Comitê de Profissionais/normas , Comitê de Profissionais/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
Some of the features stated which make a private slaughter place unsatisfactory are :- 1) Broken up concrete slab 2) Overgrown vegetation 3) Stagnant water in drains 4) Dirty concrete surface 5) Inadequate water supply 6) Dirty and unsightly surroundings 7) Insanitary toilet facilities . In respect of the survey carried out to determine the extent to which the public is exposed to disease through the meat trade, from the purchasing of the animals through to the consumption of the meat, the researcher has decided to make the following recommendations for further improvements. (AU)