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Healthy peach fruit is not considered a preferred host for Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura); however, it becomes a more preferable host when damaged. Thus, damaged peach fruit is of importance not only in terms of economic losses, but also because it serves as a reservoir for this fly species. This work aimed to evaluate the suitability of peaches mechanically damaged or harboring the brown rot disease as hosts for D. suzukii compared to hosts for which they have a low (undamaged peach) and high (undamaged strawberry) preference. Damaged peaches were as susceptible as undamaged strawberries. Fungus infection alone did not increase the susceptibility of peaches compared to undamaged peaches. This information should be considered when an Integrated Pest Management program is defined in a scenario of different species of fruit production.(AU)

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Healthy peach fruit is not considered a preferred host for Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura); however, it becomes a more preferable host when damaged. Thus, damaged peach fruit is of importance not only in terms of economic losses, but also because it serves as a reservoir for this fly species. This work aimed to evaluate the suitability of peaches mechanically damaged or harboring the brown rot disease as hosts for D. suzukii compared to hosts for which they have a low (undamaged peach) and high (undamaged strawberry) preference. Damaged peaches were as susceptible as undamaged strawberries. Fungus infection alone did not increase the susceptibility of peaches compared to undamaged peaches. This information should be considered when an Integrated Pest Management program is defined in a scenario of different species of fruit production.

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Este texto é uma revisáo bibliográfica que abrange 30 anos de ocorrência do bicudo-do-algodoeiro, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), no Brasil. O bicudo é considerado uma das pragas mais prejudiciais à agricultura pelos danos que causa e pelas dificuldades de seu controle. Originário do México, esse inseto foi constatado pela primeira vez no Brasil em 1983 e duas safras após seu surgimento já estava disseminado nas principais áreas produtoras de algodão no país, onde se mantém até a atualidade. Quando não controlado, esse inseto pode destruir completamente a produção de um algodoal, já quando controlado os prejuízos variam de 3 a 75% da produtividade esperada. Os principais danos causados pelo bicudo são resultantes de orifícios promovidos nas estruturas reprodutivas da planta durante a alimentação e oviposição dos adultos, sendo os botões florais as estruturas preferencialmente atacadas pelo inseto. O período de ataque do bicudo às plantas de algodoeiro se inicia por volta dos 30 dias após a emergência, no estabelecimento vegetativo da cultura, passando pelo florescimento e frutificação e chegando até a fase de maturação, sendo que durante esse período vários métodos podem ser adotados visando ao seu controle. Para controle de A. grandis, no Brasil, são citados métodos de controle comportamental, controle cultural, resistência de plantas, controle biológico (predadores, parasitoides e patógenos), produtos naturais, controle legislativo e manejo integrado, além de iniciativas de programas de supressão populacional do inseto. O controle químico não é discutido neste artigo.(AU)

This paper is a literature review that covers 30 years of occurrence of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Brazil. The boll weevil is considered one of the most destructive pests in the agricultural system; the damage that it causes and the difficulties of its control in cotton is enormous. Originally from Mexico, this insect was first found in Brazil in 1983 and two seasons after the detection it was widespread in major cotton producing areas where it remains until today. When boll weevil is not controlled, it can completely destroy the economic cotton production; the losses range can vary from 3 to 75% of the expected productivity. The main damage caused by the boll weevil in cotton is promoted in the reproductive structures of the plant during feeding and oviposition of adult insects; the flower buds are preferentially attacked by the insect. The period of the weevil attack on cotton plants begins around 30 days after emergence, but it starts at the vegetative period; damage occurs at the flowering and fruiting period and reaches the maturation phase. During these periods several methods can be adopted aiming its control. To control A. grandis in Brazil the following methods are cited: behavioral control, cultural control, host plant resistance, biological control (predators, parasitoids, and pathogens), natural products, legislative control and integrated pest management, and program initiatives for suppression of the insect population. Chemical control is not discussed in this article.(AU)

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Este texto é uma revisáo bibliográfica que abrange 30 anos de ocorrência do bicudo-do-algodoeiro, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), no Brasil. O bicudo é considerado uma das pragas mais prejudiciais à agricultura pelos danos que causa e pelas dificuldades de seu controle. Originário do México, esse inseto foi constatado pela primeira vez no Brasil em 1983 e duas safras após seu surgimento já estava disseminado nas principais áreas produtoras de algodão no país, onde se mantém até a atualidade. Quando não controlado, esse inseto pode destruir completamente a produção de um algodoal, já quando controlado os prejuízos variam de 3 a 75% da produtividade esperada. Os principais danos causados pelo bicudo são resultantes de orifícios promovidos nas estruturas reprodutivas da planta durante a alimentação e oviposição dos adultos, sendo os botões florais as estruturas preferencialmente atacadas pelo inseto. O período de ataque do bicudo às plantas de algodoeiro se inicia por volta dos 30 dias após a emergência, no estabelecimento vegetativo da cultura, passando pelo florescimento e frutificação e chegando até a fase de maturação, sendo que durante esse período vários métodos podem ser adotados visando ao seu controle. Para controle de A. grandis, no Brasil, são citados métodos de controle comportamental, controle cultural, resistência de plantas, controle biológico (predadores, parasitoides e patógenos), produtos naturais, controle legislativo e manejo integrado, além de iniciativas de programas de supressão populacional do inseto. O controle químico não é discutido neste artigo.(AU)

This paper is a literature review that covers 30 years of occurrence of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Brazil. The boll weevil is considered one of the most destructive pests in the agricultural system; the damage that it causes and the difficulties of its control in cotton is enormous. Originally from Mexico, this insect was first found in Brazil in 1983 and two seasons after the detection it was widespread in major cotton producing areas where it remains until today. When boll weevil is not controlled, it can completely destroy the economic cotton production; the losses range can vary from 3 to 75% of the expected productivity. The main damage caused by the boll weevil in cotton is promoted in the reproductive structures of the plant during feeding and oviposition of adult insects; the flower buds are preferentially attacked by the insect. The period of the weevil attack on cotton plants begins around 30 days after emergence, but it starts at the vegetative period; damage occurs at the flowering and fruiting period and reaches the maturation phase. During these periods several methods can be adopted aiming its control. To control A. grandis in Brazil the following methods are cited: behavioral control, cultural control, host plant resistance, biological control (predators, parasitoids, and pathogens), natural products, legislative control and integrated pest management, and program initiatives for suppression of the insect population. Chemical control is not discussed in this article.(AU)

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The integrated pest management (IPM) of soybean developed and implemented in Brazil was one of the most successful programs of pest management in the world. Established during the 1970s, it showed a tremendous level of adoption by growers, decreasing the amount of insecticide use by over 50%. It included outstanding approaches of field scouting and decision making, considering the economic injury levels (EILs) for the major pests. Two main biological control programs were highly important to support the soybean IPM program in Brazil, i.e., the use of a NPVAg to control the major defoliator, the velvet bean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, and the use of egg parasitoids against the seed-sucking stink bugs, in particular, the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.). These two biological control programs plus pests scouting, and the use of more selective insecticides considering the EILs supported the IPM program through the 1980s and 1990s. With the change in the landscape, with the adoption of the no-tillage cultivation system and the introduction of more intense multiple cropping, and with the lower input to divulge and adapt the IPM program to this new reality, the program started to decline during the years 2000s. Nowadays, soybean IPM is almost a forgotten control technology. In this mini-review article, suggestions are made to possibly revive and adapt the soybean IPM to contemporary time.

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Quando o café constituía a principal riqueza brasileira e São Paulo detinha a liderança absoluta na sua produção e comércio, uma praga veio colocar sob ameaça toda aquela pujança econômica. Conhecida como broca-do-café, era causada por um minúsculo inseto aparecido em fazendas de Campinas. De lá partiu a notificação ao governo paulista, em maio de 1924. A gravidade da situação levou o governo estadual a compor uma comissão científica chefiada por Arthur Neiva, responsável por levar a cabo o plano de combate. A campanha contra a broca combinou a implementação de um vigoroso aparato de pesquisa e fiscalização com amplo trabalho de divulgação científica, que lançou mão de estratégias vanguardistas de difusão, como o cinema. Em fins de 1927, a Comissão foi formalmente extinta após a criação de uma instituição permanente de pesquisa agrícola: o Instituto Biológico de Defesa Agrícola e Animal.

When coffee was Brazil's chief source of wealth and São Paulo was the absolute leader in its production and trade, a plague suddenly came to threaten this mighty economic asset. The cause was a tiny insect called the coffee borer, which began showing up on plantations in the Campinas area. The São Paulo state government learned of the pest in May 1924 via news from Campinas. The situation was so serious that the state government formed a scientific commission, headed by Arthur Neiva, who was to lead the battle against the borer. The ensuing campaign put in place a sound system of research and surveillance, complemented by broad-reaching scientific education that relied on such vanguard tools as cinema. In late 1927, the Commission was officially dissolved, following creation of a permanent agricultural research center: the Instituto Biológico de Defesa Agrícola e Animal (Biological Institute for Agricultural and Animal Defense).

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The present paper discusses the historical construction and legitimacy of Chagas disease as a distinct nosological entity and as a public health issue in Brazil. It focuses on the activities of a group of researchers from Oswaldo Cruz Institute who worked at the Centre for the Study and Prevention of Chagas disease, located in Bambuí, Minas Gerais. Led in the 1940s and 50s by Emmanuel Dias, disciple of Carlos Chagas, the group made important contributions to the clinical characterization of Chagas disease as a cardiac illness, established the fact that it was technically possible to control the disease by using residual insecticides, and engaged in intense political mobilization to have the disease included as part of the Health Ministry sanitation campaigns. My hypothesis is that the group's work was a determining factor in the overcoming of certain unresolved controversies that had surrounded the medical and social identity of the disease since the 1920s. I examine to what extent this process was directly linked both to post-war optimism over new possibilities of combating infectious diseases and to the national and international debate on the relation between health and economic and social development.

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