RESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: Sports dance is widely known as a competitive game, but as a leisure activity, there is little research on the efficacy of human health and fitness. Sports dance, as a popular national fitness exercise, has sound health promotion effects. At present, domestic and foreign researches mostly focus on the impact of sports dance on young men and women. Objective: This study will explore the influence of regular physical dance exercises on the body shape, function, and quality of middle-aged and older adults, provide a scientific basis for the role of physical dance in national fitness. Methods: This study recruited 20 healthy middle-aged and elderly members of a leisure sports dance club without professional dance experience for three months of dance training. The first two weeks are pre-experiments five times a week. Each exercise time is 60 minutes. The last ten weeks are formal experiments, two times a week, 90 minutes each time, and no other physical exercises are involved in everyday life. By comparing part of the body shape, physical function, and physical fitness index before and after the experiment, the impact of sports dance on middle-aged and older adults' healthy physical fitness is evaluated. Results: After three months of physical dance exercise with different dance styles, in male, BMI index, body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference, and thigh circumference indicators all decreased, but there was no significant difference. In women, BMI index, body fat percentage (P<0.01), waist circumference (P<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (P<0.01), sitting body forward bending (P<0.05), and standing with one foot and closed eyes all increased. In women, the indexes of grip strength (P<0.01), forward bending in sitting position (P<0.055), and standing with eyes closed on one foot all increased. Conclusions: It is suggested that long-term moderate-intensity aerobic sport dance exercise can improve the body shape of middle-aged and older adults and help increase physical fitness; meanwhile, sports dance can effectively improve the cardiovascular function of middle-aged and elderly subjects. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMO Introdução: A dança esportiva é amplamente conhecida como um jogo competitivo, mas como atividade de lazer, existem poucas pesquisas sobre sua eficácia na saúde e forma física humana. A dança esportiva, como exercício físico popular em âmbito nacional, tem importantes efeitos na promoção da saúde. Atualmente, a pesquisa nacional e estrangeira está focada principalmente no impacto da dança esportiva em jovens de ambos os sexos. Objetivo: Este estudo irá explorar a influência dos exercícios regulares de dança física na forma, função e qualidade do corpo de adultos mais velhos e de meia-idade, e fornecerá uma base científica para o papel da dança física no fitness nacional. Métodos: Este estudo recrutou 20 pessoas saudáveis, de meia-idade e idosos de um clube esportivo sem experiência profissional em dança durante três meses de treinamento. As primeiras duas semanas foram pré-experimentos cinco vezes por semana. Cada tempo de exercício foi de 60 minutos. As últimas dez semanas foram experimentos formais, duas vezes por semana, 90 minutos cada vez, sem nenhum outro exercício físico na vida cotidiana. Ao comparar a forma corporal, a função física e o índice de aptidão física antes e depois do experimento, o impacto da dança esportiva na aptidão física saudável de adultos mais velhos e de meia-idade é avaliado. Resultados: Após três meses de exercício físico de dança com diferentes estilos de dança, nos homens, o índice de IMC, o percentual de gordura corporal, a circunferência da cintura, a circunferência do quadril e a circunferência da coxa diminuíram, mas não houve diferença significativa. Nas mulheres, o índice de IMC, o percentual de gordura corporal (P <0,01), a circunferência da cintura (P <0,05), a pressão arterial diastólica (P <0,01), o corpo sentado inclinado para frente (P <0,05) e com um pés e olhos fechados aumentaram. Nas mulheres, os índices de força de preensão (P <0,01), de inclinação para a frente na posição sentada (P <0,055) e com um pé com os olhos fechados aumentaram. Conclusões: Sugere-se que o exercício de dança esportiva aeróbica de intensidade moderada de longa duração pode melhorar a forma corporal de adultos mais velhos e de meia idade e ajudar a aumentar a aptidão física; enquanto isso, a dança esportiva pode efetivamente melhorar a função cardiovascular de indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: La danza deportiva es ampliamente conocida como un juego competitivo, pero como actividad de ocio hay poca investigación sobre la eficacia en la salud y el estado físico humanos. La danza deportiva, como ejercicio físico popular a nivel nacional, tiene importantes efectos en la promoción de la salud. En la actualidad, las investigaciones nacionales y extranjeras se centran principalmente en el impacto de la danza deportiva en hombres y mujeres jóvenes. Objetivo: Este estudio explorará la influencia de los ejercicios regulares de danza física en la forma, función y calidad del cuerpo de los adultos mayores y de mediana edad, y proporcionará una base científica para el papel de la danza física en la aptitud nacional. Métodos: Este estudio reclutó a 20 miembros sanos de mediana edad y ancianos de un club deportivo sin experiencia profesional en danza durante tres meses de entrenamiento. Las dos primeras semanas eran experimentos previos cinco veces por semana. Cada tiempo de ejercicio fue de 60 minutos. Las últimas diez semanas eran experimentos formales, dos veces por semana, 90 minutos cada vez, sin otros ejercicios físicos en la vida cotidiana. Al comparar la forma del cuerpo, la función física y el índice de aptitud física antes y después del experimento, se evalúa el impacto de la danza deportiva en la aptitud física saludable de los adultos mayores y de mediana edad. Resultados: Después de tres meses de ejercicio físico de baile con diferentes estilos de baile, en los hombres, el índice de IMC, el porcentaje de grasa corporal, la circunferencia de la cintura, la circunferencia de la cadera y la circunferencia del muslo disminuyeron, pero no hubo diferencia significativa. En las mujeres, el índice de IMC, el porcentaje de grasa corporal (P <0.01), la circunferencia de la cintura (P <0.05), la presión arterial diastólica (P <0.01), el cuerpo sentado inclinado hacia adelante (P <0.05) y con un pie y ojos cerrados aumentaron. En las mujeres, aumentaron los índices de fuerza de agarre (P <0.01), de inclinación hacia adelante en posición sentada (P <0.055) y con un pie con los ojos cerrados. Conclusiones: Se sugiere que el ejercicio de danza deportiva aeróbica de intensidad moderada a largo plazo puede mejorar la forma del cuerpo de los adultos mayores y de mediana edad y ayudar a aumentar la aptitud física; mientras tanto, la danza deportiva puede mejorar eficazmente la función cardiovascular de sujetos de mediana edad y ancianos. Nivel de evidencia II;Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esportes/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Dança/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the resistance to worm infection in Santa Inês sheep by combining different sets of gastrointestinal parasite resistance indicator traits, using the k-means algorithm. Records from 221 animals reared in the Mid-North sub-region of Brazil were used. The following phenotypes were used: hematocrit (HCT); white blood cell count; red blood cell count (RBC); hemoglobin (HGB); platelets; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; fecal egg count (FEC); coloration of the ocular mucosa (FAMACHA score); body condition score (BCS); withers height; and rump height. Two files with phenotypic information of animals were edited: complete, including all traits, and reduced, in which only FAMACHA score, HCT, FEC, and BCS were used. For determination of worm resistance, three groups were formed using the k-means non-hierarchical clustering by combining the traits of the complete and reduced analyses. The animals of the group in which individuals had the lowest values for FEC and FAMACHA score, as well as the highest values for HCT, RBC, HGB, and BCS were classified as resistant. In the group with opposite values for the aforementioned traits, the animals were classified as sensitive. The animals of the group with values between the other two groups were classified as moderately resistant. The results obtained in complete and reduced analyses were equivalent. Thus, it is possible to identify animals of the Santa Inês sheep breed according to their status of resistance to worm infection based on a reduced trait set.
Assuntos
Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Helmintíase Animal/imunologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/imunologia , Animais , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Brasil , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Testes Hematológicos/veterinária , Enteropatias Parasitárias/imunologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Carneiro DomésticoRESUMO
Aims: To assess the change in body condition score (BCS) during the early and late dry periods and its association with postpartum diseases and milk yield in grazing dairy cows from central Argentina. Methods: BCS assessments during the dry period, and cow health and milk production records up to 90 days in milk (DIM), were collated for cows from 28 farms at monthly visits between 2007 and 2008. Cows were categorised into four groups; those in Group 1 (n=7,067) maintained or gained BCS during the early and late dry periods; Group 2 (n=2,615) maintained or gained BCS during the early dry period and lost BCS during the late dry period; Group 3 (n=1,989) lost BCS during the early dry period and maintained or gained BCS during the late dry period; and Group 4 (n=5,144) lost BCS during the early and late dry periods. Results: Cows in Group 1 had reduced odds of having retained fetal membranes (RFM), metritis, and clinical mastitis up to 90 DIM than cows in Group 2 (p<0.001), but the odds of disease were similar to cows in Group 3. The odds of having RFM or clinical mastitis tended to be lower in cows in Group 1 than cows in Group 4 (p=0.08). The odds of cows being culled or dying during the first 90 DIM were lower for cows in Group 1 than for those in Groups 2, 3, and 4 (p≤0.05). Mean accumulated milk yield up to 90 DIM was higher in cows in Group 1 than Group 2 and Group 4 (p<0.001), but was similar to that of cows in Group 3 (p=0.28). Conclusions and clinical relevance: Cows that lost BCS during the late dry period had increased odds of being diagnosed with several postpartum diseases and had decreased milk yield compared to cows that maintained or gained BCS during the entire dry period. Loss of BCS during any stage of the dry period was also associated with increased incidence of culling or death during the first 90 DIM. These results should raise awareness among dairy cattle producers of the importance of properly managing cow body condition during the dry period, especially during the late dry period.
Assuntos
Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Leite/fisiologia , Período Pós-Parto , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Lactação , Mastite Bovina , Parto , GravidezRESUMO
The working hypothesis was that supplementation with progesterone (iP4) at early diestrus increases pregnancy rates of suckled beef cows with poor body condition score (BCS) and/or in anestrus when cows are submitted to timed insemination (TAI). The time of ovulation among suckled multiparous (n = 1270) and primiparous (n = 303) Nelore cows was synchronized using an estradiol/P4-based protocol for TAI (D0). At Day â10, visual evaluation of BCS was performed (scale = 1-5) and animals were classified according to an ovarian activity (OA) score: (OA1) absence of CL and presence of follicles ≥ 8 mm, (OA2) absence of CL and presence of follicles < 8 mm and (OA3) presence of corpus luteum (CL). On Day 4, animals were assigned randomly to receive 150 mg of injectable, long-acting P4 (iP4, n = 786) or non-iP4 (n = 787). Further, ultrasonic evaluations were performed on D0 and D4 for measurements of the largest follicle diameter (DF) and CL area, respectively. The BCS affected positively DF, CL area and OA. Supplementation with iP4 did not affect (P = 0.49) pregnancy rates and there was no significant interaction (P > 0.1) of P4 treatment with BCS or OA was detected for conception and pregnancy rates. Regardless of iP4, pregnancy rates of cows with moderate (2.75-3.25) (59.1%) and high (≥ 3.5) (57.8%) BCS were greater than those of cows with low (2.0-2.5) BCS (41.5%). Cows in OA2 had a greater P/AI (51.3%) than cows in OA1 (41.7%) or OA3 (41.9%). In conclusion, P4 supplementation after TAI did not improve P/AI and did not enhance the response to treatment of cows with a low BCS, regardless of OA.
Assuntos
Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Fertilidade , Inseminação Artificial , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovulação , Progesterona/farmacologia , Animais , Constituição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Bovinos , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Feminino , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Fertilidade/fisiologia , Inseminação Artificial/métodos , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Ovário/fisiologia , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovulação/fisiologia , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Distribuição Aleatória , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To correlate hemostatic parameters with clinical markers of fat distribution and laboratory variables in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with healthy control subjects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): Forty-five women with PCOS and 45 control women matched for age and body mass index (BMI). INTERVENTION(S): Clinical evaluation and venipuncture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), Ferriman-Gallwey index, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, total testosterone, free testosterone (FT), thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1, and the parameters of thrombin generation test (TGT), including the lag time (Tlag), time to peak thrombin generation (Tmax), peak concentration (Cmax), and the area under the thrombin generation curve (TAUC). RESULT(S): In the PCOS group, BMI and WC correlated positively with TAFI, D-dimer, PAI-1, Cmax, and TAUC; HC with D-dimer and PAI-1; WHR with TAFI, D-dimer, and PAI-1; glucose with TAFI; insulin and homeostasis-model assessment of insulin resistance with PAI-1; and FT with Cmax and TAUC. Age correlated positively with D-dimer and PAI-1, and negatively with Tlag and Tmax. In the control group, there were no correlations between clinical markers of fat distribution and hemostatic parameters, but age and fasting glucose correlated positively with PAI-1, and FT with Tmax and TAUC. CONCLUSION(S): In PCOS, android body fat distribution may directly affect hemostatic parameters, particularly in young and overweight women. Further studies are needed to establish a correlation between these results and an increase in thromboembolic risk.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal/métodos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Hemostasia/fisiologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/metabolismo , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/epidemiologia , Relação Cintura-Quadril/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Despite the economic importance of beef cattle production in Brazil, female reproductive performance, which is strongly associated with production efficiency, is not included in the selection index of most breeding programmes due to low heritability and difficulty in measure. The body condition score (BCS) could be used as an indicator of these traits. However, so far little is known about the feasibility of using BCS as a selection tool for reproductive performance in beef cattle. In this study, we investigated the sources of variation in the BCS of Nellore beef cows, quantified its association with reproductive and maternal traits and estimated its heritability. BCS was analysed using a logistic model that included the following effects: contemporary group at weaning, cow weight and hip height, calving order, reconception together with the weight and scores of conformation and early finishing assigned to calves at weaning. In the genetic analysis, variance components of BCS were estimated through Bayesian inference by fitting an animal model that also included the aforementioned effects. The results showed that BCS was significantly associated with all of the reproductive and maternal variables analysed. The estimated posterior mean of heritability of BCS was 0.24 (highest posterior density interval at 95%: 0.093 to 0.385), indicating an involvement of additive gene action in its determination. The present findings show that BCS can be used as a selection criterion for Nellore females.
Assuntos
Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Cruzamento/métodos , Bovinos/fisiologia , Carne/normas , Modelos Biológicos , Fenótipo , Seleção Genética , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Constituição Corporal/genética , Peso Corporal/genética , Brasil , Bovinos/genética , Feminino , Reprodução/genéticaRESUMO
The acute effects of short-term glutamate administration on the number of antral follicles and ovulation rate were examined in adult goats. Neither live weight (44.5±1.3 kg) nor body condition (3.3±0.8 units) differed between the control (untreated) and glutamate-treated (0.175 mg/kg) animals (p>0.05). However, the number of antral follicles (3.4 vs. 2.1, p=0.05) and ovulation rate (2.5 vs. 1.5, p=0.05) was higher in the glutamate-administered group than in the controls.
Assuntos
Ácido Glutâmico/farmacologia , Cabras/fisiologia , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Cruzamento/métodos , Feminino , Ácido Glutâmico/administração & dosagem , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , MéxicoRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil metabólico energético, proteico e enzimático de vacas mestiças leiteiras com baixo escore de condição corporal (ECC) no periparto. Foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas uma semana antes do parto, no dia do parto, e aos sete, 14, 21, 28 e 43 dias pós-parto (DPP) de 36 animais, com média de ECC de 2,6±0,5, com eutocia e pós-parto fisiológico e sem tratamentos nesta fase. Analisaram-se as concentrações séricas de proteínas totais, albumina e globulinas para o perfil protéico; AST, ALT, GGT e fosfatase alcalina para o perfil enzimático; ácidos graxos não-esterificados (NEFA), β-hidroxibutirato (BHBA), triglicerídeos, colesterol e lipoproteínas (VLDL, HDL e LDL) para o perfil energético. As vacas apresentaram no pré-parto hipoproteinemia, hipoalbuminemia, hipocolesterolemia e aumento das enzimas GGT e AST. No dia do parto houve lipólise e hipoglobulinemia. Concluiu-se que vacas mestiças leiteiras com baixo ECC apresentam balanço energético negativo, hipoproteinemia com hipoalbuminemia e lesão hepática no periparto, com restabelecimento aos 30 DPP, mas não recuperam sua condição corporal até o final do puerpério.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile of protein, energy and enzyme in crossbred dairy cows with low body condition score (BCS) in the peripartum period. Blood samples were collected from 36 animals with 2.6±0.5 BCS, eutocia, physiological postpartum and without any treatment, on following days: one week before calving, calving and 7, 14, 21, 28 and 43 days in milk (DIM). It was evaluated serum total protein, albumin and globulins for protein profile; AST, ALT, GGT and alkaline phosphatase for mineral profile; nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins (VLDL, HDL and LDL) for energy profile. Crossbred dairy cows had hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia and increased that both enzymes AST and GGT at the precalving. There were lipolysis and hypoglobulinemia at parturition. It was concluded that crossbred dairy cows with low BCS have negative energy balance, hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia and hepatic injury in the peripartum. This condition is restored at 30 DIM, but there is no recovery of the body condition by the end of puerperium.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Bovinos/metabolismo , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Metabolismo/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Período Pós-Parto/fisiologia , Período Pós-Parto/metabolismo , Parto/fisiologia , Parto/metabolismoRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil metabólico energético, proteico e enzimático de vacas mestiças leiteiras com baixo escore de condição corporal (ECC) no periparto. Foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas uma semana antes do parto, no dia do parto, e aos sete, 14, 21, 28 e 43 dias pós-parto (DPP) de 36 animais, com média de ECC de 2,6±0,5, com eutocia e pós-parto fisiológico e sem tratamentos nesta fase. Analisaram-se as concentrações séricas de proteínas totais, albumina e globulinas para o perfil protéico; AST, ALT, GGT e fosfatase alcalina para o perfil enzimático; ácidos graxos não-esterificados (NEFA), β-hidroxibutirato (BHBA), triglicerídeos, colesterol e lipoproteínas (VLDL, HDL e LDL) para o perfil energético. As vacas apresentaram no pré-parto hipoproteinemia, hipoalbuminemia, hipocolesterolemia e aumento das enzimas GGT e AST. No dia do parto houve lipólise e hipoglobulinemia. Concluiu-se que vacas mestiças leiteiras com baixo ECC apresentam balanço energético negativo, hipoproteinemia com hipoalbuminemia e lesão hepática no periparto, com restabelecimento aos 30 DPP, mas não recuperam sua condição corporal até o final do puerpério.(AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile of protein, energy and enzyme in crossbred dairy cows with low body condition score (BCS) in the peripartum period. Blood samples were collected from 36 animals with 2.6±0.5 BCS, eutocia, physiological postpartum and without any treatment, on following days: one week before calving, calving and 7, 14, 21, 28 and 43 days in milk (DIM). It was evaluated serum total protein, albumin and globulins for protein profile; AST, ALT, GGT and alkaline phosphatase for mineral profile; nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins (VLDL, HDL and LDL) for energy profile. Crossbred dairy cows had hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia and increased that both enzymes AST and GGT at the precalving. There were lipolysis and hypoglobulinemia at parturition. It was concluded that crossbred dairy cows with low BCS have negative energy balance, hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia and hepatic injury in the peripartum. This condition is restored at 30 DIM, but there is no recovery of the body condition by the end of puerperium.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Bovinos/metabolismo , Período Pós-Parto/metabolismo , Período Pós-Parto/fisiologia , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Metabolismo/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Parto/metabolismo , Parto/fisiologiaRESUMO
Our objective was to examine associations of adult weight gain and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cross-sectional interview data from 844 residents in Wan Song Community from October 2009 to April 2010 were analyzed in multivariate logistic regression models to examine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between NAFLD and weight change from age 20. Questionnaires, physical examinations, laboratory examinations, and ultrasonographic examination of the liver were carried out. Maximum rate of weight gain, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and alanine transaminase were higher in the NAFLD group than in the control group. HDL-C in the NAFLD group was lower than in the control group. As weight gain increased (measured as the difference between current weight and weight at age 20 years), the OR of NAFLD increased in multivariate models. NAFLD OR rose with increasing weight gain as follows: OR (95%CI) for NAFLD associated with weight gain of 20+ kg compared to stable weight (change <5 kg) was 4.23 (2.49-7.09). Significantly increased NAFLD OR were observed even for weight gains of 5-9.9 kg. For the "age 20 to highest lifetime weight" metric, the OR of NAFLD also increased as weight gain increased. For the "age 20 to highest lifetime weight" metric and the "age 20 to current weight" metric, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) increased as weight gain increased (P<0.001). In a stepwise multivariate regression analysis, significant association was observed between adult weight gain and NAFLD (OR=1.027, 95%CI=1.002-1.055, P=0.025). We conclude that adult weight gain is strongly associated with NAFLD.
Assuntos
Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/fisiopatologia , Aumento de Peso/fisiologia , Adulto , China , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/sangue , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
Our objective was to examine associations of adult weight gain and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cross-sectional interview data from 844 residents in Wan Song Community from October 2009 to April 2010 were analyzed in multivariate logistic regression models to examine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between NAFLD and weight change from age 20. Questionnaires, physical examinations, laboratory examinations, and ultrasonographic examination of the liver were carried out. Maximum rate of weight gain, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and alanine transaminase were higher in the NAFLD group than in the control group. HDL-C in the NAFLD group was lower than in the control group. As weight gain increased (measured as the difference between current weight and weight at age 20 years), the OR of NAFLD increased in multivariate models. NAFLD OR rose with increasing weight gain as follows: OR (95%CI) for NAFLD associated with weight gain of 20+ kg compared to stable weight (change <5 kg) was 4.23 (2.49-7.09). Significantly increased NAFLD OR were observed even for weight gains of 5-9.9 kg. For the “age 20 to highest lifetime weight” metric, the OR of NAFLD also increased as weight gain increased. For the “age 20 to highest lifetime weight” metric and the “age 20 to current weight” metric, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) increased as weight gain increased (P<0.001). In a stepwise multivariate regression analysis, significant association was observed between adult weight gain and NAFLD (OR=1.027, 95%CI=1.002-1.055, P=0.025). We conclude that adult weight gain is strongly associated with NAFLD.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/fisiopatologia , Aumento de Peso/fisiologia , China , Estudos Transversais , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/sangue , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
The adaptation of the liver to periods of negative energy balance is largely unknown in beef cattle on grazing systems. We evaluated liver transcriptome throughout gestation and early lactation of purebred and crossbred beef cows [Angus, Hereford, and their F1 crossbreeds (CR)], grazing high or low herbage allowances (HA) of native grasslands (4 and 2.5 kg dry matter/kg body wt annual mean; n = 16) using an Agilent 4 × 44k bovine array. A total of 4,661 transcripts were affected by days [272 ≥ 2.5-fold difference, false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.10] and 47 pathways were altered during winter gestation (-165 to -15 days relative to calving), when cows experienced decreased body condition score, decreased insulin, and increased nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. Gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways were upregulated, while cell growth, DNA replication, and transcription pathways were downregulated (FDR ≤ 0.25). We observed only small changes in the liver transcriptome during early lactation (+15 to +60 days). A total of 225 genes were differentially expressed (47 ≥ 2-fold difference, FDR ≤ 0.10) between HA. The majority of those were related to glucose and pyruvate metabolism and were upregulated in high HA, reflecting their better metabolic status. Two genes were upregulated in CR cows, but 148 transcripts (74 ≥ 2-fold change difference, FDR ≤ 0.10) were affected by the HA and cow genotype interaction. The transcriptional changes observed indicated a complex and previously unrecognized, hepatic adaptive program of grazing beef cows in different nutritional environments. Novel target candidate genes, metabolic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms were reported.
Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/veterinária , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Lactação/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Gravidez/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Bovinos , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Feminino , Gluconeogênese/genética , Gluconeogênese/fisiologia , Insulina/sangue , Análise em Microsséries/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , UruguaiRESUMO
Estudos apontam aumentos expressivos nas prevalências de insatisfação com a imagem corporal. Entretanto, existem poucas informações sobre os diferentes componentes da imagem corporal, como a satisfação com a massa muscular, sendo necessárias investigações aprofundadas a respeito, assim como instrumentos para sua avaliação. Objetivo: este estudo objetivou analisar a versão em Português Brasileiro da Drive for Muscularity Scale em termos de consistência interna e reprodutibilidade em homens e mulheres. Métodos: a versão em Português Brasileiro da Drive for Muscularity Scale foi aplicada em 112 universitários do sexo masculino e feminino. O teste-reteste foi aplicado em 30 universitários também de ambos os sexos. Foram realizadas análises de consistência interna e de reprodutibilidade de forma comparativa entre homens e mulheres. Resultados: a escala apresentou elevados índices de consistência interna, tanto quando analisada como um todo (alfa de Cronbach=0,899), como a partir de seus dois fatores "motivações e desejos" (alfa de Cronbach=0,864) e "atitudes" (alfa de Cronbach=0,857), sendo este resultado semelhante para homens e mulheres. A escala apresentou adequados indicadores de reprodutibilidade para homens (p=0,887) e para mulheres (p=0,258). Os homens, como esperado, apresentaram escores superiores na escala (p=0,001), especialmente no fator "motivações e desejos" (p<0,001). Apesar, disso as pontuações dos dois fatores apresentaram boa associação para ambos os sexos. Conclusão: a Drive for Muscularity Scale apresenta boa reprodutibilidade e consistência interna para ambos os sexos podendo ser utilizada também nas análises da imagem corporal em mulheres...
Studies pointed to expressive increases in prevalence of body image dissatisfaction. However, there few information about different components of body image, as the satisfaction with muscle mass, being necessary deeper investigations about, as well as tools for its evaluation. Objective: this study aimed to analyze the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Drive for Muscularity Scale in terms of internal consistency and reproducibility in men and women. Methods: the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Drive for Muscularity Scale was applied in 112 male and female college students. The test-retest was applied in 30 college students also of both sexes. Analyzes of internal consistency and reproducibility comparing men and women were conducted. Results: The scale showed high internal consistency, both when analyzed as a whole (Cronbach's alpha = 0.899), as when analyzed as from its two factors "motivations and desires" (Cronbach's alpha = 0.864) and "attitudes" (alpha Cronbach = 0.857), which is similar for men and women. The scale showed adequate indicators of reproducibility for men (p = 0.887) and women (p = 0.258). Men as expected had higher scores on the scale (p = 0.001), especially in the factor "motivations and desires" (p <0.001). In spite of that, the scores of the two factors showed a significant association for both sexes. Conclusions: the Drive for Muscularity Scale has good internal consistency and reproducibility for both sexes may also be used in the analysis of body image in women...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Estudos de Validação como Assunto , Imagem Corporal , Satisfação PessoalRESUMO
AIM: The present study aimed at comparing demographic variables, physical activity level, and health-related anthropometric indicators according to somatotype among physically active individuals. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, in which the sample consisted of 304 individuals, who are users of the jogging track at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) in Recife, state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Somatotypes were analyzed using the anthropometric technique proposed by Heath & Carter (1990). To assess physical activity level, we used the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We used as health-related anthropometric indicators: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and conicity index (CI). We used descriptive statistics to characterize the sample, and then used a multivariate analysis of variance (a = 0.05) to test for differences. RESULTS: In the somatotype analysis, we observed among women significant predominance of the endomorphy and lower predominance of the ectomorphy in comparison to men. In the age group ≤ 29 years significantly lower values were found for endomorphy than in other age groups. Irregularly active individuals had significantly lower values of endomorphy. We observed that individuals with obesity and risk in WHR, WC and CI had higher scores of endomorphy and mesomorphy and lower scores of ectomorphy. CONCLUSION: The somatotype of physically active individuals in the present study raises health concern, mainly related to high relative adiposity represented by endomorphy.
Assuntos
Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Somatotipos/fisiologia , Adulto , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of nutritional restriction on ovarian function in llamas. Mature female llamas were assigned randomly to a Control group, fed 100% of maintenance energy requirements (MER) (n=8), or a Restricted group (n=8) fed from 70% to 40% of MER until a body condition score of 2.5 was attained. Blood samples were taken every-other-day to determine plasma concentrations of LH, estradiol, leptin and metabolic markers, and follicular dynamics were monitored daily by ultrasonography for 30 days (Experiment 1). Llamas were then treated with GnRH to compare the ovulatory response and corpus luteus (CL) development between groups (Experiment 2). Blood samples were taken to measure LH, leptin, progesterone and metabolic markers and ovarian structures were assessed as in Experiment 1. Llamas in the Restricted group had lower body mass and body condition scores than those in the Control group (P<0.001). Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and urea were higher in the Restricted group (P<0.05) than in the Control group. The day-to-day diameter profiles of the dominant follicles were smaller (P<0.05) in the Restricted group than in the Control group but plasma estradiol concentration did not differ. The ovulation rate and LH secretion in response to GnRH did not differ. Day-to-day profiles of CL diameter, plasma progesterone and leptin concentrations were smaller (P<0.01) in the Restricted group. In conclusion, nutritional restriction in llamas was associated with suppressed follicle and CL development, and lower plasma concentrations of progesterone and leptin.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Restrição Calórica , Camelídeos Americanos/metabolismo , Hormônios/sangue , Ovário/fisiologia , Animais , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Restrição Calórica/efeitos adversos , Restrição Calórica/veterinária , Camelídeos Americanos/sangue , Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Feminino , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/farmacologia , Leptina/sangue , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Ovário/metabolismo , Ovulação/sangue , Ovulação/metabolismo , Ovulação/fisiologia , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Indução da Ovulação/veterinária , Progesterona/sangue , Redução de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
This study assesses for the first time the relationship between annual cycles of different biological indices with growth patterns of a marine pejerrey Odontesthes argentinensis population near its southern-distribution boundary in North Patagonia. The reproductive period is between September and November evidenced by an increase in the gonado-somatic index with a peak in October corresponding to spawning. The reproductive cycle was also coupled with metabolic processes related to energy allocation as shown by changes in the hepato-somatic index and body condition. Total length (L(T) ) at maturity was 270 for females and 282 mm for males, whereas fecundity was estimated at mean ±s.d. = 9380 ± 1797 mature oocytes. Based on the marginal increment analysis, most of the scales showed a maximum value during summer, with a sharp decline thereafter during autumn and winter, indicating that scale rings are formed during the latter period and only once a year. Growth fitted by the von Bertalanffy model for both males and females did not show significant differences and showed a rapid growth during the first 2 years. The shorter reproductive period compared with that of the northern O. argentinensis populations inhabiting tropical and subtropical areas was interpreted as an adjustment to temperate environmental conditions. The larger maximum L(T) and L(T) at first maturity are in agreement with the counter-gradient hypothesis and could be related to the selective effects of low temperature and a shorter growing season. This latitude dependency argues strongly against the application of the same fishing regulations for different O. argentinensis populations as a whole and reinforces the need to assess basic biological features at a population scale to promote local sustainable fisheries management.
Assuntos
Tamanho Corporal/fisiologia , Maturidade Sexual/fisiologia , Smegmamorpha/fisiologia , Envelhecimento , Animais , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Feminino , Pesqueiros/legislação & jurisprudência , Gônadas/fisiologia , Masculino , Reprodução/fisiologia , Smegmamorpha/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Smegmamorpha/metabolismo , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different body condition score (BCS) at 30 days before calving (-30 days) induced by a differential nutritional management from -100 days until -30 days on productive parameters, the interval to first ovulation and blood parameters in primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows under grazing conditions until 60 days post partum. The experimental arrangement was a randomized complete block design, where cows were blocked according to BW and expected calving date and then randomly assigned to different nutritional treatments from -100 to -30 days relative to calving to induce different BCS. As the assignment of cows to treatments was random, cows had to lose, maintain or gain BCS; thus, different planes of nutrition were offered with approximately 7, 14 or 20 kg dry matter per day. The BCS score was assessed every 15 days and animals were reassigned in order to achieve the desired BCS at -30 days. Only animals that responded to nutritional treatment were considered and this was defined as follows: primiparous and multiparous high cows (PH and MH) had to gain 0.5 points of BCS, primiparous low (PL) had to lose 0.5 points of BCS and multiparous low (ML) had to maintain BCS at least in two subsequent observations from -100 to -30 days. From -30 days to calving, primiparous and multiparous cows (P and M cows) were managed separately and cows were offered a diet once a day. From calving to 60 days post partum, cows of different groups grazed in separate plots a second year pasture. Cows were also supplemented individually with whole-plant maize silage and commercial concentrate. Cows had similar BCS at -100 days and differed after the nutritional treatment; however, all groups presented similar BCS at 21 days post partum. The daily milk production and milk yield at 60 days post partum was higher in M than P cows. The percentage of milk fat was higher in PH cows compared with PL cows. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were affected by the BCS at -30 days within parity, and in PH cows the concentration of NEFA was higher than in PL cows. The concentrations of total protein were higher in M cows. A lower probability of cycling was found in PL than in PH cows (P < 0.05) and in ML than in MH cows (P < 0.05). Treatment affected various endocrine/metabolic profiles according to parity, suggesting that the metabolic reserves signal the productive/reproductive axis so as to induce a differential nutrient partitioning in adult v. first-calving cows.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/fisiologia , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Bovinos/fisiologia , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiologia , Leite/química , Paridade/fisiologia , Período Pós-Parto/fisiologia , Animais , Análise Química do Sangue , Gorduras/análise , Feminino , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Gravidez , Progesterona/sangue , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To verify the relation of neck circumference and relative muscle strength and cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 60 premenopausal women (33.9±9.1 years; 67.4±13.6kg; 1.57±0.6cm and 27.2±5.3kg/m²). Based on the neck circumference, the sample was divided into two groups: Group Circumference <35cm (n=27) and Group Circumference >35cm (n=33) to compare relative muscle strength and cardiovascular risk factors. The correlation between variables was tested by Pearson and Spearman correlations, with a significance level established at p<0.05. RESULTS: The findings revealed that women with neck circumference >35cm presented higher values of body mass, waist circumference, body adiposity index, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and volume of visceral fat when compared with the group with neck circumference <35cm. Additionally, the group with larger neck circumference presented lower values of relative strength. CONCLUSION: Neck circumference seems to be an important predictive factor of cardiovascular risk and of relative strength loss in middle-aged sedentary women.
Assuntos
Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Pescoço/anatomia & histologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/fisiopatologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A limited number of mutations in the GH secretagogue receptor gene (GHSR) have been described in patients with short stature. Objective To analyze GHSR in idiopathic short stature (ISS) children including a subgroup of constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The GHSR coding region was directly sequenced in 96 independent patients with ISS, 31 of them with CDGP, in 150 adults, and in 197 children with normal stature. The pharmacological consequences of GHSR non-synonymous variations were established using in vitro cell-based assays. RESULTS: Five different heterozygous point variations in GHSR were identified (c.-6 G>C, c.251G>T (p.Ser84Ile), c.505G>A (p.Ala169Thr), c.545 T>C (p.Val182Ala), and c.1072G>A (p.Ala358Thr)), all in patients with CDGP. Neither these allelic variants nor any other mutations were found in 694 alleles from controls. Functional studies revealed that two of these variations (p.Ser84Ile and p.Val182Ala) result in a decrease in basal activity that was in part explained by a reduction in cell surface expression. The p.Ser84Ile mutation was also associated with a defect in ghrelin potency. These mutations were identified in two female patients with CDGP (at the age of 13 years, their height SDS were -2.4 and -2.3). Both patients had normal progression of puberty and reached normal adult height (height SDS of -0.7 and -1.4) without treatment. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of GHSR mutations in patients with CDGP. Our data raise the intriguing possibility that abnormalities in ghrelin receptor function may influence the phenotype of individuals with CDGP.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Crescimento/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Puberdade Tardia/genética , Receptores de Grelina/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Constituição Corporal/genética , Constituição Corporal/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Grelina/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto/fisiologia , Receptores de Grelina/metabolismo , TransfecçãoRESUMO
Each autumn billions of songbirds migrate between the temperate zone and tropics, but little is known about how events on the breeding grounds affect migration to the tropics. Here, we use light level geolocators to track the autumn migration of wood thrushes Hylocichla mustelina and test for the first time if late moult and poor physiological condition prior to migration delays arrival on the winter territory. Late nesting thrushes postponed feather moult, and birds with less advanced moult in August were significantly farther north on 10 October while en route to the tropics. Individuals in relatively poor energetic condition in August (high ß-Hydroxybutyrate, low triglyceride, narrow feather growth bars) passed into the tropics significantly later in October. However, late moult and poor pre-migratory condition did not result in late arrival on the winter territory because stopover duration was highly variable late in migration. Although carry-over effects from the winter territory to spring migration may be strong in migratory songbirds, our study suggests that high reproductive effort late in the season does not impose time constraints that delay winter territory acquisition.