RESUMO
Redox metabolism is an integral part of the glutathione system, encompassing reduced and oxidized glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and associated enzymes. This core process orchestrates a network of thiol antioxidants like thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins, alongside critical thiol-containing proteins such as mercaptoalbumin. Modifications to thiol-containing proteins, including oxidation and glutathionylation, regulate cellular signaling influencing gene activities in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Analyzing thiol antioxidants, especially glutathione, in biological fluids offers insights into pathological conditions. This review discusses the analytical methods for biothiol determination, mainly in blood plasma. The study includes all key methodological aspects of spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry, highlighting their principles, benefits, limitations, and recent advancements that were not included in previously published reviews. Sample preparation and factors affecting thiol antioxidant measurements are discussed. The review reveals that the choice of analytical procedures should be based on the specific requirements of the research. Spectrophotometric methods are simple and cost-effective but may need more specificity. Chromatographic techniques have excellent separation capabilities but require longer analysis times. Electrochemical methods enable real-time monitoring but have disadvantages such as interference. Mass spectrometry-based approaches have high sensitivity and selectivity but require sophisticated instrumentation. Combining multiple techniques can provide comprehensive information on thiol antioxidant levels in biological fluids, enabling clearer insights into their roles in health and disease. This review covers the time span from 2010 to mid-2024, and the data were obtained from the SciFinder® (ACS), Google Scholar (Google), PubMed®, and ScienceDirect (Scopus) databases through a combination search approach using keywords.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Humanos , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Compostos de Sulfidrila/análise , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Líquidos Corporais/química , Líquidos Corporais/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Oxirredução , Animais , Glutationa/análise , Glutationa/sangue , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) remains a major health issue worldwide, while its pathophysiology is still poorly understood. Systemic oxidative stress (OS) may be involved in PCS, which is reflected by lower circulating free thiols (R-SH, sulfhydryl groups), as they are receptive to rapid oxidation by reactive species. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal dynamics of serum R-SH after SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with the development of PCS in individuals with mild COVID-19. METHODS: Baseline serum R-SH concentrations were measured and compared between 135 non-hospitalized COVID-19 subjects and 82 healthy controls (HC). In COVID-19 subjects, serum R-SH concentrations were longitudinally measured during the acute disease phase (up to 3 weeks) and at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up, and their associations with relevant clinical parameters were investigated, including the development of PCS. RESULTS: Baseline albumin-adjusted serum R-SH were significantly reduced in non-hospitalized COVID-19 subjects as compared to HC (p = 0.041), reflecting systemic OS. In mild COVID-19 subjects, trajectories of albumin-adjusted serum R-SH levels over a course of 12 months were longitudinally associated with the future presence of PCS 18 months after initial infection (b = -9.48, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Non-hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 show evidence of systemic oxidative stress, which is longitudinally associated with the development of PCS. Our results provide a rationale for future studies to further investigate the value of R-SH as a monitoring biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in the development of PCS.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Estresse Oxidativo , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/sangue , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/virologia , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-Aguda , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
We investigated oxidative status in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT) and evaluated their relationship with radiological and clinical parameters. In this cross-section study, 88 patients with RCT (59 males and 29 females) and 86 healthy controls (66 males, 20 females) were enrolled. The sample consisted of nontraumatic patients who are suffering from shoulder pain because of rotator cuff disease, which was established by clinical tests and MRI scanning. Oxidative stress in patients with RCT was analyzed via the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH). Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was measured by a new colorimetric method. Furthermore, oxidative stress was indirectly measured by serum total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Serum disulfide levels and the other oxidative stress parameters of the RCT group were significantly greater than those of the control group (P < .001 for all), whereas the anti-oxidative stress parameters remained unchanged (P > .05 for all). The lowest and highest serum disulfide levels were detected in patients with grades 1 and 3, respectively (P < .001). Furthermore, in a multiple regression analysis, the disulfide/natural thiol ratio (ß=-4.886, P = .004) and the MRI grading (ß=0.314, P=.001) were independently associated with the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index WORC score. We found an association between the levels of various serum markers of oxidative injury, especially serum disulfide levels, and the increasing severity of RCT. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis seems to play a critical role in RCT, both in the beginning and during the progression of disease.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Estresse Oxidativo , Manguito Rotador , Tendinopatia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tendinopatia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tendinopatia/sangue , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Manguito Rotador/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Dissulfetos/sangue , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Lesões do Manguito Rotador/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões do Manguito Rotador/sangue , Dor de Ombro/sangue , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Thiols play an important role in defense against reactive oxygen species. We aimed to evaluate the relation between oxidative stress, glucose tolerance, and sleep quality in kidney transplant recipients without diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 95 kidney transplant recipients without diabetes from living and deceased donors with stable allograft function and 60 healthy controls. We included recipients who received a kidney from a living donor with a first-degree relation. Insulin resistance was determined using the Homeostasis Model Assessment score. Native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were measured, and disulfide versus native thiol/total thiol ratios were calculated from all patients. We used the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index to assess sleeping patterns. According to standard cutoff value of the index (≤5 indicates good quality sleep; >5 indicates poor sleep quality), we stratified kidney transplant recipients as group 1 (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index ≤5; n = 41) and group 2 (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index >5; n = 54). RESULTS: In correlation analysis, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index was positively correlated with age, the Homeostasis Model Assessment score, body mass index, serum disulfide levels, disulfide/total thiol ratio, and native/total thiol ratio. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was negatively correlated with total thiol levels. In subgroup analysis, the Homeostasis Model Assessment score, disulfide levels, and disulfide/total thiol and native/total thiol ratios were significantly lower in group 1; however, total thiol level was significantly higher in this group. In multivariate regression analysis, age, the Homeostasis Model Assessment score, disulfide/total thiol ratio, and renal resistivity index were detected as predictors of sleep quality score. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality moderates oxidative stress identified by thiol-disulfide homeostasis and insulin resistance in renal transplant recipients without diabetes.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Glicemia , Dissulfetos , Resistência à Insulina , Transplante de Rim , Estresse Oxidativo , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Humanos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Dissulfetos/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Qualidade do Sono , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Sono , Insulina/sangueRESUMO
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness that includes depressive mood. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a therapy method used in the treatment of MDD. The purpose of this study was to assess neurotrophic factors, and oxidative stress levels in MDD patients and evaluate the changes in these parameters as a result of rTMS therapy. Twenty-five patients with MDD and twenty-six healthy volunteers with the same demographic characteristics were included in the study. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors were measured photometrically with commercial kits. Oxidative stress parameters were measured by the photometric method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) and disulfide (DIS) levels were calculated with mathematical formulas. In this study, total antioxidant status (TAS), total thiol (TT), and native thiol (NT) antioxidant parameters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and allopregnanolone (ALLO) levels were reduced in pre-rTMS with regard to the healthy control group; TOS, OSI, DIS, and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) levels were increased statistically significantly (p < 0.01). Moreover, owing to TMS treatment; TAS, TT, NT, BDNF, GDNF, and ALLO levels were increased compared to pre-rTMS, while DIS, TOS, OSI, and S100B levels were decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The rTMS treatment reduces oxidative stress and restores thiol-disulfide balance in MDD patients. Additionally, rTMS modulates neurotrophic factors and neuroactive steroids, suggesting its potential as an antidepressant therapy. The changes in the biomarkers evaluated may help determine a more specific approach to treating MDD with rTMS therapy.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Estresse Oxidativo , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana , Humanos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana/métodos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Subunidade beta da Proteína Ligante de Cálcio S100/sangue , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial/sangue , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangueRESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyze the role of thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) parameters as an indicator of oxidative stress in acute appendicitis (AA). PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically searched. Studies reporting on TDH in AA (both complicated and uncomplicated cases) were included. The comparator group were healthy controls. The TDH domain was compared between the groups using anti-oxidant parameters, namely native thiol and total thiol levels, and native thiol/total thiol ratio; and oxidant parameters, namely disulfide level, disulfide/native thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio. The statistical analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Eleven studies with a total of 926 subjects, comprising 457 patients with uncomplicated appendicitis, 147 with complicated appendicitis, and 322 healthy controls were included. Our study demonstrated significantly increased oxidative stress in AA as compared to healthy controls in all TDH parameters and significantly lower total thiol levels in complicated AA as compared to uncomplicated AA. Due to a poor methodological quality in five out of eleven studies, future prospective studies with adequate power are essential to validate these observations and refine the diagnostic approaches to AA.
Assuntos
Apendicite , Biomarcadores , Dissulfetos , Homeostase , Estresse Oxidativo , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Apendicite/sangue , Apendicite/diagnóstico , Humanos , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Homeostase/fisiologia , Dissulfetos/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Doença AgudaRESUMO
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of the lipid profile, dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein, ischaemia-modified albumin and thiol-disulfide homeostasis with cognitive impairment, fatigue and sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis. The cognitive functions of patients were evaluated with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis battery. Fatigue was evaluated with the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Fatigue Impact Scale. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to assess patients' sleep disturbance. Peripheral blood samples were collected, and lipid levels and myeloperoxidase and paraoxonase activity were measured. The myeloperoxidase/paraoxonase ratio, which indicates dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein, was calculated. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischaemia-modified albumin were measured.
We did not identify any relationship between dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein and the physical disability, cognitive decline, fatigue and sleep problems of multiple sclerosis. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis was associated with cognitive scores. The shift of the balance towards disulfide was accompanied by a decrease in cognitive scores. On the other hand, we did not detect any relationship between fatigue and sleep disorders and thiol-disulfide homeostasis. Our findings revealed a possible correlation between cognitive dysfunction and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in multiple sclerosis patients.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Fadiga , Lipídeos , Esclerose Múltipla , Estresse Oxidativo , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/sangue , Adulto , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla/sangue , Fadiga/etiologia , Fadiga/sangue , Disfunção Cognitiva/sangue , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Homeostase , Albumina Sérica Humana/análise , Dissulfetos/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
Objectives: To examine the influence of hirudotherapy on parameters of oxidative stress. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from March 29 to September 29, 2021, at the Alanya Research and Training Hospital's Traditional and Complementary Medicine Application Centre, Turkey, and comprised adult volunteers of either gender. The participants were subjected to two sessions of hirudotherapy 4 weeks apart. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index values, ischaemia-modified albumin level, paraoxonase 1, disulfide, native thiol, total thiol, and arylesterase levels were assessed at baseline and after the second hirudotherapy session. Data was analysed using SPSS 15. RESULTS: Of the 50 subjects, 30(60%) were females and 20(40%) were males. The overall mean age was 47.10±15.16 years. Oxidative stress, ischaemia-modified albumin and disulfide levels decreased, but not significantly (p>0.05). The reduction in disulfide levels was significant (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Hirudotherapy, within its limitations, could reduce oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Arildialquilfosfatase , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico , Estresse Oxidativo , Albumina Sérica Humana , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Arildialquilfosfatase/sangue , Arildialquilfosfatase/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Albumina Sérica Humana/metabolismo , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/metabolismo , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/sangue , Dissulfetos/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Oxidantes/sangue , Oxidantes/metabolismo , TurquiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the effect of remission status on thiol-disulfide homeostasis in celiac patients and thus to indirectly determine the effect of oxidative stress and inflammation caused by non-compliance with the diet. METHODS: Between February 2019 and December 2021, 117 patients diagnosed with celiac disease were included in this prospective randomized and controlled study. In addition to routine tests of celiac patients, thiol and disulfide measurements were made from the blood both at the beginning of the study and at the end of the first year. RESULTS: While 52 of the patients (44.4%) were in remission, 65 patients (55.6%) were not. There was an evident increase in native thiol levels of the patients who were initially not in remission but went into at the end of the first year (347.4±46.7 µmol/L vs. 365.3±44.0 µmol/L; p=0.001). Mean plasma disulfide levels of patients with celiac going into remission became reduced in the first year from the level of 14.5±5.1 µmol/L down to 8.9±4.2 µmol/L (p<0.001). In celiac patients who entered remission, disulfide and anti-tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A levels decreased in a correlation (r=0.526; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Not being in remission in celiac disease leads to increased oxidative stress, and thiol-disulfide homeostasis is an indirect indicator of this. Additionally, providing remission in celiac patients reduces oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Doença Celíaca , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Dissulfetos , Estresse Oxidativo , Cooperação do Paciente , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Humanos , Doença Celíaca/dietoterapia , Doença Celíaca/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Dissulfetos/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Adulto , Indução de Remissão , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Transglutaminases/sangueRESUMO
L-cysteine, an indispensable amino acid present in natural proteins, plays pivotal roles in various biological processes. Consequently, precise and selective monitoring of its concentrations is imperative. Herein, we propose a Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) sensor for detecting L-cysteine based on the anti-aggregation of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) and histidine (His) functionalized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The presence of Hg2+ ions can induce the aggregation of Ag NPs@His@4-MBA due to the unique nanostructures of Ag NPs@His@4-MBA, resulting in a robust SERS intensity of 4-MBA. However, in the presence of L-cysteine, the stronger affinity between L-cysteine and Hg2+ reduces the concentration of free Hg2+, causing the dispersion of the aggregated functionalized Ag NPs and the reduction of the SERS signal intensity of 4-MBA. The developed SERS platform demonstrates excellent performance with a low detection limit of 5 nM (S/N = 3) and linear detection capabilities within the range of 0.01-100 µM for L-cysteine. Additionally, the method was successfully employed for the determination of L-cysteine in spiked serum samples, yielding recoveries ranging from 95.0 % to 108.1 % with relative standard deviations of less than 3.3 %. This study not only presents a novel approach for fabricating highly sensitive and specific SERS biosensors for biomolecule detection but also offers a significant strategy for the development and construction of SERS substrates using anti-aggregation design.
Assuntos
Cisteína , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Prata , Análise Espectral Raman , Benzoatos/química , Cisteína/análise , Cisteína/sangue , Histidina/análise , Histidina/química , Histidina/sangue , Limite de Detecção , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Prata/química , Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Compostos de Sulfidrila/química , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the induction of reactive oxygen species and the ability of cells to metabolize them. Numerous markers can be used to assess the level of oxidative stress. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) are some of them. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of TDH and IMA, which are indicators of oxidative stress, in older patients with osteosarcopenia (OS). METHODS: The study was conducted cross-sectionally in a geriatrics outpatient clinic. Patients who applied to the outpatient clinic for three months were included in the study. Patients with acute infection, delirium, malignancy, severe liver, heart or kidney dysfunction and who did not give their consent for the study were excluded from the study. The study was conducted with 136 patients. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to muscle ultrasonography (USG) and handgrip strength (HGS) results. Osteopenia/osteoporosis was diagnosed according to bone mineral densitometry (BMD) results. The combination of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia was accepted as OS. RESULTS: Native thiol, total thiol value and nativethiol /totalthiol*100 values were significantly lower in the group with OS (respectively; value = 265 ± 53.8 standard deviation (SD) µmol/L, p = ≤ 0.001; value = 295.33 ± 55.77 SD µmol/L, p = 0.001; value = 90.06 (2.8) interquartile ranges (IQR), p = 0.033). Disulfide/native thiol*100 and disulfide/total thiol*100 values were significantly higher in the group with OS (respectively; value = 5.5 (1.7) IQR, p = 0.033; value = 4.97 (1.4) IQR, p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: In our study, the role of oxidative stress in OS was demonstrated by using TDH as an oxidative stress parameter.
Assuntos
Dissulfetos , Homeostase , Estresse Oxidativo , Sarcopenia , Albumina Sérica Humana , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Humanos , Sarcopenia/fisiopatologia , Sarcopenia/metabolismo , Dissulfetos/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Homeostase/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Osteoporose/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/metabolismo , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/fisiopatologia , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare thiol/disulfide and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels between psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and healthy controls and evaluate the correlation between these molecules and the disease activity scores used in PsA. METHODS: A total of 63 PsA patients and 49 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), modified disease activity score 28 (DAS28), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) scores were used as disease activity indices for PsA patients. Calculations of native thiol (-SH), disulfide (-SS), and total thiol (-SH+-SS) molecules were made by the automatic spectrophotometric method, and the albumin cobalt binding test was used to measure IMA levels. RESULTS: In the PsA group, -SS/-SH and -SS/(-SH+-SS) levels were higher and -SH/(-SH+-SS) levels were lower than in controls. In the linear regression analysis, a significant correlation relationship was detected between DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and -SS/(-SH+-SS) (ß = 0.795, CI 95%, 0.196-1.395; P = .010), -SH/(-SH+-SS) (ß = -0.475, CI 95%, 0.114-0.836; P = .010) and IMA (ß = 3.932, CI 95%, 0.859-7.005; P = .013). Additionally, a significant correlation was detected between IMA and BASDAI and BASFI. CONCLUSION: In PsA, thiol/disulfide homeostasis has shifted in favor of disulfide as an oxidative indicator. Serum thiol/disulfide levels are correlated with PsA disease activity indices.
Assuntos
Artrite Psoriásica , Dissulfetos , Albumina Sérica Humana , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Humanos , Artrite Psoriásica/sangue , Artrite Psoriásica/metabolismo , Dissulfetos/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Albumina Sérica Humana/metabolismo , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Oxirredução , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Biomarcadores/sangueRESUMO
AIM: We aim to compare the maternal serum thiol and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels between pregnant women with placenta previa and those with uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine whether changes in these levels were useful in predicting cases of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP). METHODS: Fifty-five pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa according to the diagnostic criteria (case group) were compared to 100 women with uncomplicated pregnancies of similar demographic characteristics (control group). The patients with placenta previa were further divided into two subgroups: AIP (n = 20) and placenta previa without invasion (n = 35). The maternal serum native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and IMA levels of the groups were evaluated. RESULTS: The native thiol, total thiol, and IMA values were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The disulfide values were similar between the study and control groups (p = 0.488). When the AIP and placenta previa without invasion groups were compared, the levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and IMA were similar (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal serum thiol and IMA levels were lower in placenta previa cases compared to the control group. However, these parameters were not useful in predicting AIP cases.
Assuntos
Placenta Prévia , Albumina Sérica Humana , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Dissulfetos/sangue , Dissulfetos/química , Estresse Oxidativo , Placenta Prévia/diagnóstico , Albumina Sérica , Albumina Sérica Humana/metabolismo , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/química , Compostos de Sulfidrila/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy of medical treatment on thiol-disulfide balance despite ongoing allergic stimulation. METHODS: The research design was a prospective observational study that included 35 persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. All patients who were diagnosed with persistent AR were included. A skin prick test was applied to all patients, and the Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 was used to evaluate sinonasal symptoms. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis balance parameters were measured using a novel automatic and spectrophotometric method and compared statistically. Serum total thiol (TT), native thiol (SH), disulphide (SS), disulphide/native thiol (SS/SH), disulphide/total thiol (SS/TT), and native thiol/total thiol (SH/TT) ratios were measured after the second month of the treatment. RESULTS: The 35 patients included 20 (58%) females and 15 (42%) males. The mean age of the patients was 33.17 ± 9.9 years. Disulphide, SS/SH, and SS/TT ratios decreased significantly after the treatment (P < .05), while SH and SH/TT increased significantly (P < .05). The mean SH measurement increased significantly in the second month (P = .001), but TT mean measurements showed no difference after the treatment (P = .058). The mean SS measurements, on the other hand, decreased significantly in the second month (P = .003). CONCLUSION: Thiol/disulfide homeostasis may be used as a marker to evaluate the efficacy of persistent AR treatments. After the treatment, the increase in SH levels suggested the decrease in oxidative stress, even though allergen exposure continued.
Assuntos
Dissulfetos/sangue , Homeostase/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Rinite Alérgica/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Rinite Alérgica/terapia , Teste de Desfecho Sinonasal , Testes Cutâneos , Avaliação de Sintomas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIM: This study compared dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (an oxidative stress marker), anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, and proinflammatory interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in drug-resistant epilepsy patients with those in patients with well-controlled epilepsy and healthy controls. METHOD: This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 89 people: 27 with drug-resistant epilepsy, 30 with well-controlled epilepsy, and 32 healthy controls matched in demographic characteristics. RESULTS: The mean serum IL-10 levels were significantly lower and the mean serum IFN-γ levels significantly higher in the drug-resistant epilepsy patients compared to the well-controlled epilepsy and healthy control groups. The mean serum native thiol (SH) and total thiol (TT) levels were significantly lower, and the disulfide (SS) levels were significantly higher in the drug-resistant group than in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The significant differences in thiol-disulfide homeostasis and IL-10 and IFN-γ levels in the drug-resistant epilepsy group suggest that these markers indicate a poor prognosis in epilepsy.
Assuntos
Dissulfetos/sangue , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/sangue , Interferon gama/sangue , Interleucina-10/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Homeostase , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Oligohydramnios is defined as amniotic fluid index in ultrasonographic measurement is less than 5 percentile according to gestational age, the amniotic fluid volume is ≤ 5 cm, or if the single deepest dial is < 2 cm. The condition of oligohydramnios that not with fetal structural/chromosomal abnormalities, intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine infection and maternal disease is described as isolated oligohydramnios (IO). The aim of this study is to examine whether oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a place in the pathophysiology of IO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective case-control study, a total of 126 participants were included. The patient group consisted of 65 patients who were diagnosed IO, and the control group consisted of 61 healthy normal pregnants. Native thiol (-SH), total thiol (-SH + -SS), dynamic disulfide (-SS), IMA values from maternal serum were measured and compared between groups. RESULTS: Maternal serum -SH and -SH + -SS values were significantly lower in the IO group than in the control group (409.47 ± 55.36 µmol/L vs. 437.40 ± 48.68 µmol/L, p = 0.03 and 457.40 ± 63.01 µmol/L vs. 484.59 ± 52.75 µmol/L, p = 0.01). In the IO group when -SS/-SH and -SS/-SH + -SS ratio was found to be statistically significantly higher than control group (5.84 ± 1.1 vs 5.41 ± 0.71, p = 0.01 and 5.2 ± 0.88 vs 4.8 ± 0.58, p = 0.01), -SH/-SH + -SS ratio was significantly lower (89.56 ± 1.7 vs 90.24 ± 1.16, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in terms of -SS value (p = 0.66). IMA value was significantly higher in the IO group than control group (0.76 ± 0.10 ABSU vs 0.68 ± 0.06, p < 0.01). It is seen as a result of ROC analysis that -SH, -SH + -SS, -SS/-SH, -SS/-SH + -SS, -SH/-SH + -SS and IMA values have a diagnostic value for IO (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The thiol/disulfide balance shifted towards oxidative stress in IO compared to control group. So oxidative stress and ROS have a place in the pathophysiology of IO.
Assuntos
Dissulfetos/sangue , Oligo-Hidrâmnio/fisiopatologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Homeostase , Humanos , Oligo-Hidrâmnio/sangue , Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Albumina Sérica HumanaRESUMO
Gly-His-Lys (GHK) is a tripeptide present in the human bloodstream that exhibits a number of biological functions. Its activity is attributed to the copper-complexed form, Cu(II)GHK. Little is known, however, about the molecular aspects of the mechanism of its action. Here, we examined the reaction of Cu(II)GHK with reduced glutathione (GSH), which is the strongest reductant naturally occurring in human plasma. Spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis, CD, EPR, and NMR) and cyclic voltammetry helped unravel the reaction mechanism. The impact of temperature, GSH concentration, oxygen access, and the presence of ternary ligands on the reaction were explored. The transient GSH-Cu(II)GHK complex was found to be an important reaction intermediate. The kinetic and redox properties of this complex, including tuning of the reduction rate by ternary ligands, suggest that it may provide a missing link in copper trafficking as a precursor of Cu(I) ions, for example, for their acquisition by the CTR1 cellular copper transporter.
Assuntos
Complexos de Coordenação/metabolismo , Cobre/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Oligopeptídeos/metabolismo , Compostos de Sulfidrila/metabolismo , Complexos de Coordenação/sangue , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Cobre/sangue , Cobre/química , Glutationa/sangue , Glutationa/química , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Oligopeptídeos/sangue , Oligopeptídeos/química , Oxirredução , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/químicaRESUMO
Tumor-targeting gold nanorods (AuNRs) assembled through Au-S bonds have been widely used for photothermal therapy (PTT) via intravenous injection. However, with extended in vivo circulation times, biothiols can replace some S-modified targeting ligands on the surface of the AuNRs, which lowers their targeting efficacy towards cancer cells, resulting in a non-ideal PTT effect. To address this problem, herein, we utilized Se-modified AuNRs to establish a dual functional nanoprobe (Casp-RGD-Se-AuNRs) for improving the therapeutic effect and real-time monitoring of Caspase-9 levels to indicate the degree of cell apoptosis. The experiments demonstrated that the Casp-RGD-Se-AuNRs are better at avoiding interference from biothiols than the S-modified nanoprobe (Casp-RGD-S-AuNRs) for extended blood-circulation times after intravenous injection, significantly improving the PTT efficacy via more effectively targeting cancer cells. Simultaneously, the change of Caspase-9 levels visually shows the degree of apoptosis. Moreover, an in vivo study showed that, compared with the S-modified nanoprobe, the Se-modified nanoprobe exhibits a higher delivery efficiency to the tumor region after intravenous injection (accumulation in the tumor increased by 87%) and a better anticancer efficacy under NIR light irradiation (the tumor inhibition rate increased 6-fold). This work provides a valuable strategy to overcome the off-target problem, and new ideas for avoiding interference by biomolecules during blood circulation.