RESUMO
In this study, we investigated the infection by pulmonary parasites in the water snake Helicops angulatus. We found four nymphs of the pentastomide parasite Sebekia oxycephala, parasitizing two adult females H. angulatus collected in the municipality of Rio Tinto, Paraíba, Brazil. This occurrence is likely due to the nymphs of this parasite directly infecting aquatic intermediate hosts, such as fish. The result of this study represents the first record of pentastomid infecting H. angulatus.
Assuntos
Colubridae , Pentastomídeos , Animais , Feminino , Colubridae/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pulmão , NinfaRESUMO
The combined use of molecular and microscopic techniques has become an increasingly common and efficient practice for the taxonomic and evolutionary understanding of single-celled parasites such as haemogregarines. Based on this integrative approach, we characterized Hepatozoon found in Helicops angulatus snakes from the Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The gamonts observed caused cell hypertrophy and were extremely elongated and, in some cases, piriform (mean dimensions: 25.3 ± 1.9 × 8.6 ± 1.3 µm). These morphological features correspond to Hepatozoon carinicauda, described 50 years ago in the snake Helicops carinicaudus in the southeast region of Brazil. Phylogenetic and genetic divergence analyses, performed with the sequence obtained from the amplification of a 590 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene, revealed that Hepatozoon in He. angulatus differed from the other lineages retrieved from GenBank, and was clustered singly in both the phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network. The integration of these data allowed the identification of H. carinicauda in a new aquatic host, and increased the knowledge of its geographical distribution. Therefore, the present study included the first redescription of a Hepatozoon species in a snake from the Brazilian Amazon.
Assuntos
Coccidiose , Colubridae , Eucoccidiida , Animais , Brasil , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Colubridae/parasitologia , Eucoccidiida/genética , Masculino , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to verify the occurrence of hemogregarines in the colubrid snake Thamnodynastes lanei from the eastern Amazon region of Brazil. Intraerythrocytic gamonts with mean dimensions of 14.8 ± 1.8 × 4.0 ± 0.7 µm and encapsulated gamonts with mean dimensions of 15.3 ± 1.1 × 4.8 ± 0.5 µm were observed. Through morphological and molecular data based on the partial 18S rDNA gene, the parasite was identified as Hepatozoon cevapii, originally described in the viperid snake Crotalus durissus terrificus from the southeast region of Brazil. Thus, the findings of the present study extend the geographic range of H. cevapii and provide novel Hepatozoon-snake associations.
Assuntos
Colubridae , Eucoccidiida , Animais , Brasil , Colubridae/parasitologia , Eucoccidiida/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to perform a phylogenetic analysis of Hepatozoon spp. infecting Philodryas patagoniensis in Uruguay. Twenty-five road-killed specimens of P. patagoniensis from ten departments were obtained. Samples of blood and/or heart tissue were taken. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was carried out amplifying a specific target region of the 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. Eighteen out of twenty-five samples were positive to Hepatozoon spp., which gave an overall prevalence of 72%. Phylogenetic analyses with the obtained sequences were carried out to determine the relationship with closely related species found in the region. The results revealed that samples were split into two clades with a high bootstrap support. Clade I was formed with Hepatozoon spp. sequences obtained in this study from P. patagoniensis, Hepatozoon cuestensis from Crotalus durissus terrificus and Hepatozoon musa from Philodryas nattereri, and Hepatozoon spp. retrieved from Cerdocyon thous, Hemidactylus mabouia, and Phyllopezus pollicaris from Brazil, respectively. Clade II was grouped with Hepatozoon cevapii and Hepatozoon massardii, both species described for C. d. terrificus from Brazil. This is the first report of Hepatozoon spp. in snakes from Uruguay.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Colubridae/parasitologia , Eucoccidiida/classificação , Eucoccidiida/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Animais , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Eucoccidiida/genética , Prevalência , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Serpentirhabdias mussuranae n. sp. is described from the lungs of the mussurana, Clelia clelia (Daudin, 1803), from vicinities of Lábrea, Amazonas State, Brazil. The species is characterized by the triangular oral opening, the presence of teeth (onchia) in the oesophastome, the excretory glands longer than the oesophagus and the tail abruptly narrowing in its anterior half and gradually tapering in posterior half. Among the Neotropical representatives of the genus, three species are known to possess the onchia in the oesophastome: S. atroxi, S. moi and S. viperidicus. Serpentirhabdias mussuranae n. sp. differs from S. atroxi and S. viperidicus by its triangular shape of the oral opening and the oesophastome in apical view, vs. round in the latter two congeners. Additionally, S. viperidicus has a larger oesophastome, 13-22 micrometers wide and 13-23 micrometers deep. The new species has relatively longer excretory glands than S. moi. The new species is morphologically and genetically close to S. atroxi, S. moi and S. viperidicus, all parasitic in Brazilian snakes, based on the presence of onchia and the comparison of nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cox1 gene (differences varied between 3.8% and 7.1%). Data on the life cycle of S. mussuranae n. sp. is provided, and the life cycle is typical of the genus Serpentirhabdias, with the combination of direct development and heterogony. Free-living larval stages and the adults of amphimictic free-living generation are described. The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) + partial 28S region and partial mitochondrial cox1 gene are provided.
Assuntos
Colubridae/parasitologia , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Filogenia , Rhabditoidea/classificação , Rhabditoidea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Brasil , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Feminino , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Rhabditoidea/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
A new coccidian species of the genus Caryospora Léger, 1904 (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) is described based on material from the Guanabara spotted night snake Siphlophis pulcher (Raddi) (Reptilia: Dipsadidae) in a coastal area of the Atlantic Forest in Ilha Grande Island, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Caryospora ceadsensis n. sp. possesses spheroidal to slightly subspheroidal oöcysts measuring 17-24 × 17-24 (22.1 × 22.0) µm, with a c.1.3 µm thick bi-layered wall (inner layer smooth, outer layer slightly striated), length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.0-1.1 (1.0) and a highly refractive polar granule. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 11-17 × 10-13 (14.7 × 11.2) µm, with a L/W ratio of 1.0-1.5 (1.3), with a nipple-like Stieda body (1.1 µm high and 2.9 µm wide) and a large, bubble-shaped sub-Stieda body 1.7 µm high and 3.8 µm wide (1.0-2.0 × 3.0-4.5 µm). Sporocyst residuum composed of granules of differing sizes. Sporozoites with striations. This is the sixth record of a species of Caryospora in snakes of the family Dipsadidae in Brazil.
Assuntos
Colubridae/parasitologia , Eimeriidae/classificação , Eimeriidae/citologia , Animais , Brasil , Florestas , Oocistos/citologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Based on both unique morphological characteristics of the gamont, distinct changes caused to the host erythrocyte and analysis of partial 18S rRNA gene sequences, a new parasite of the genus Hepatozoon Miller, 1908 is described from the snake Philodryas nattereri Steindachner (Squamata: Dipsadidae) in northeastern Brazil. The new species, Hepatozoon musa n. sp., is characterized by large and curved mature gamonts (18.9 ± 0.9 µm in length and 3.8 ± 0.3 µm in width) that considerably engorge infected host erythrocytes and displace the nucleus laterally, which become longer and thinner. Phylogenetic estimates indicate the new species is more closely related to the recently described Hepatozoon cuestensis O'Dwyer, Moço, Paduan, Spenassatto, Silva & Ribolla, 2013, from Brazilian rattlesnakes. These recent findings highlight the need for further studies of Hepatozoon to better determine the biodiversity of this common but poorly-studied parasite group.
Assuntos
Eucoccidiida/classificação , Filogenia , Animais , Brasil , Colubridae/parasitologia , Eucoccidiida/citologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The current study summarizes the postmortem examination of a specimen of Oxyrhopus guibei (Serpentes, Colubridae) collected in Iguazu National Park (Argentina), and found deceased a week following arrival to the serpentarium of the National Institute of Tropical Medicine (Argentina). Although the snake appeared to be in good health, a necropsy performed following its death identified the presence of a large number of roundworms in the coelomic cavity, with indications of peritonitis and serosal adherence. Additional observations from the necropsy revealed small calcifications in the mesothelium of the coelomic cavity; solid and expressive content in the gallbladder; massive gastrointestinal obstruction due to nematodes; and lung edema and congestion. Histopathological analyses of lung sections also showed proliferative heterophilic and histiocytic pneumonia. Parasites isolated from both the intestine and coelomic cavity were identified as Hexametra boddaertii by a combination of light and scanning electron microscopic examination. Results from this necropsy identify O. guibei as a new host for H. boddaertii, and is the first report of a natural infection by Hexametra in Argentina. Since Hexametra parasites may contribute to several pathological conditions in humans, and with the recent availability of O. guibei specimens through the illegal pet trade, it is necessary to consider the possibility of zoonotic helminth transmission of Hexametra from snake to human.
Assuntos
Animais de Zoológico/parasitologia , Colubridae/parasitologia , Nematoides/fisiologia , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Animais , Argentina , Evolução Fatal , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Nematoides/classificação , Nematoides/ultraestrutura , Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia , Infecções por Nematoides/patologiaRESUMO
: Infidum similis Travassos, 1916 (Dicrocoeliidae: Leipertrematinae) was found in the gall bladder of Leptophis diplotropis Günther, 1872 from El Podrido, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 28S ribosomal RNA using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses was carried out to assess its phylogenetic position within suborder Xiphidiata, alongside members of the superfamilies Gorgoderoidea and Plagiorchoidea. The phylogenetic trees showed that the genus is most-closely related to the Plagiorchoidea rather than to the Gorgoderoidea, in keeping with previous taxonomic designations. Phylogenies obtained from ML and BI analysis of the 28S rDNA gene revealed a well supported clade in which Choledocystus hepaticus (Lutz, 1928) Sullivan, 1977 is sister to I. similis. On the other hand, a tree obtained using a partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mtDNA gene (ML and BI analysis), with species supposed to be closely related to I. similis according to 28S, does not support this relatedness. Based on the independence of Infidum from the subfamily Leipertrematinae Yamaguti, 1958 , our results clearly demonstrated that the genus corresponds to a different family and with species closely related to C. hepaticus within Plagiorchoidea. New data are presented about the tegumental surface of I. similis by scanning electron microscopy as well as the estimation of its haploid genome size using Feulgen Image Analysis Densitometry of sperm nuclei as part of the characterization of this species. This is the first genome size estimated for a member of Plagiorchiida, and these data will provide a new source of knowledge on helminth diversity and evolutionary studies. This constitutes the first host record, and new geographical distribution, for this species in Mexico.
Assuntos
Colubridae/parasitologia , Tamanho do Genoma , Trematódeos/classificação , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , DNA de Helmintos/química , DNA de Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , DNA Mitocondrial/química , DNA Ribossômico/química , Densitometria/métodos , Densitometria/veterinária , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Vesícula Biliar/parasitologia , Funções Verossimilhança , México , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência/veterinária , Trematódeos/anatomia & histologia , Trematódeos/genética , Trematódeos/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The aim of the present study is to report morphological data from parasitic female, rhabditoid and filarioid larvae, free-living female worms and eggs of Strongyloides ophidiae (Nematoda, Strongyloididae). In addition, a molecular DNA analysis was carried out using a pool of eight S. ophidiae parasitic females. Samples were obtained from the small intestine of Oxyrhopus guibei (Serpentes, Colubridae) collected in the municipality of Lençóis Paulista, State of São Paulo, Brazil. DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) resulted in a 350 bp band for samples containing S. ophidiae and Strongyloides venezuelensis DNA. Strongyloides ophidiae nucleotide sequence analysis showed 98% similarity with Strongyloides procyonis and 97% with Strongyloides cebus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni and Strongyloides sp. from snakes.
Assuntos
Strongyloides/anatomia & histologia , Strongyloides/genética , Animais , Brasil , Análise por Conglomerados , Colubridae/parasitologia , DNA de Helmintos/química , DNA de Helmintos/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Feminino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Strongyloides/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Rhabdias filicaudalis n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from the lung of Spilotes pullatus (Serpentes: Colubridae) is described. The host snake was captured in the municipality of Avaré, São Paulo State, Brazil. Rhabdias filicaudalis n. sp. differs from all other species by the combination of the following characters: straight body, truncated anterior end, six weakly developed lips arranged in two opposite groups of three, pre-equatorial vulva, oesophagus length/body length ratio (%) 4.9-7.5 (5.8 +/- 0.6), nerve ring distance from anterior end/oesophagus length ratio (%) 36.9-61.1 (49.8 +/- 6.4), tail length/body length ratio (%) 3.0-5.5 (4.0 +/- 0.5), vulva distance from anterior end/body length ratio (%) 39.9-51.7 (45.9 +/- 3.5), and a cuticular filiform tail tip.
Assuntos
Colubridae/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Rhabditoidea/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil , Masculino , Infecções por Rhabditida/parasitologia , Rhabditoidea/anatomia & histologia , Rhabditoidea/classificaçãoRESUMO
The relationship between pentastomids and two Colubridae species, Phillodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 and Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824), were investigated in the federal government's reserve Estação Ecológica do Seridó (ESEC, Seridó) situated at lat 6 degrees 35'-40' S and long 37 degrees 15'-20 W in the municipality of Serra Negra do Norte, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil and run by IBAMA (the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Natural Resources). Throughout 2005, 26 specimens of snakes, 13 of P. nattereri and 13 of O. aeneus were collected. After anatomical dissection and laboratorial examination of the snakes respiratory tracts, P. nattereri was found to be parasitized by two species of pentastomids: Cephalobaena tetrapoda Heymons, 1922 with a prevalence of 30.8% and a mean intensity of infection of 51.5 +/- 32.7 (range 3-147), and Raillietiella furcocerca (Diesing, 1863) which had a prevalence of 7.7% and a mean intensity of infection of 1.0. Only one female of O. aeneus was found to be infected by C. tetrapoda, with a prevalence of 7.7% and mean intensity of infection of 2.0. There was no significant relationship between size of snout-vent length (SVL) and intensity of infection in the specimens investigated here. The two individuals of P. nattereri infected by more than 40 specimens of pentastomids had their lungs completely infected including the pulmonary peritoneum and trachea. It is noteworthy that the hosts had their lung tissues partially destroyed with apparent haemorrhage, and the trabecular structure of their lungs was also destroyed. The contrasting rates of infection estimated here may be related to differences in foraging strategies, in diet, and habitat selection carried out by individuals of P. nattereri and O. aeneus.
Assuntos
Colubridae/parasitologia , Crustáceos/classificação , Pulmão/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Blood examination by microhaematocrit and haemoculture of 459 snakes belonging to 37 species revealed 2.4% trypanosome prevalence in species of Viperidae (Crotalus durissus and Bothrops jararaca) and Colubridae (Pseudoboa nigra). Trypanosome cultures from C. durissus and P. nigra were behaviourally and morphologically indistinguishable. In addition, the growth and morphological features of a trypanosome from the sand fly Viannamyia tuberculata were similar to those of snake isolates. Cross-infection experiments revealed a lack of host restriction, as snakes of 3 species were infected with the trypanosome from C. durissus. Phylogeny based on ribosomal sequences revealed that snake trypanosomes clustered together with the sand fly trypanosome, forming a new phylogenetic lineage within Trypanosoma closest to a clade of lizard trypanosomes transmitted by sand flies. The clade of trypanosomes from snakes and lizards suggests an association between the evolutionary histories of these trypanosomes and their squamate hosts. Moreover, data strongly indicated that these trypanosomes are transmitted by sand flies. The flaws of the current taxonomy of snake trypanosomes are discussed, and the need for molecular parameters to be adopted is emphasized. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular phylogenetic study of snake trypanosomes.
Assuntos
Colubridae/parasitologia , Filogenia , Trypanosoma/classificação , Trypanosoma/genética , Tripanossomíase/veterinária , Viperidae/parasitologia , Animais , Bothrops/classificação , Bothrops/parasitologia , Colubridae/classificação , Crotalus/classificação , Crotalus/parasitologia , DNA de Protozoário/análise , DNA Ribossômico/análise , Evolução Molecular , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Trypanosoma/fisiologia , Trypanosoma/ultraestrutura , Tripanossomíase/parasitologia , Tripanossomíase/transmissão , Viperidae/classificaçãoRESUMO
The relationship between pentastomids and two Colubridae species, Phillodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 and Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824), were investigated in the federal governments reserve Estação Ecológica do Seridó (ESEC, Seridó) situated at lat 6° 35-40 S and long 37° 15-20 W in the municipality of Serra Negra do Norte, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil and run by IBAMA (the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Natural Resources). Throughout 2005, 26 specimens of snakes, 13 of P. nattereri and 13 of O. aeneus were collected. After anatomical dissection and laboratorial examination of the snakes respiratory tracts, P. nattereri was found to be parasitized by two species of pentastomids: Cephalobaena tetrapoda Heymons, 1922 with a prevalence of 30.8 percent and a mean intensity of infection of 51.5 ± 32.7 (range 3-147), and Raillietiella furcocerca (Diesing, 1863) which had a prevalence of 7.7 percent and a mean intensity of infection of 1.0. Only one female of O. aeneus was found to be infected by C. tetrapoda, with a prevalence of 7.7 percent and mean intensity of infection of 2.0. There was no significant relationship between size of snout-vent length (SVL) and intensity of infection in the specimens investigated here. The two individuals of P. nattereri infected by more than 40 specimens of pentastomids had their lungs completely infected including the pulmonary peritoneum and trachea. It is noteworthy that the hosts had their lung tissues partially destroyed with apparent haemorrhage, and the trabecular structure of their lungs was also destroyed. The contrasting rates of infection estimated here may be related to differences in foraging strategies, in diet, and habitat selection carried out by individuals of P. nattereri and O. aeneus.
As relações entre pentastomídeos e duas espécies de Colubridae, Phillodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 e Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824), foram investigadas na Estação Ecológica do Seridó (ESEC-Seridó) situada em 6° 35 - 40S e 37°15 - 20W no município de Serra Negra do Norte, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil, mantida pelo IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis). Ao longo de 2005 foram coletados 26 espécimes de serpentes, sendo 13 de P. nattereri e 13 de O. aeneus. Depois da dissecação dos espécimes e exame em laboratório do trato respiratório, foram encontradas duas espécies de pentastomídeos parasitando P. nattereri: Cephalobaena tetrapoda Heymons, 1922 com prevalência 30.8 por cento, intensidade média de infecção 51.5 ± 32.7 (amplitude de 3-147) e Raillietiella furcocerca (Diesing, 1863) com prevalência 7.7 por cento e intensidade média de infecção 1.0. Apenas uma fêmea de O. aeneus estava infectada por C. tetrapoda com prevalência 7.7 por cento e intensidade de infecção 2.0. Não houve relação significativa entre o comprimento rostro-anal (SVL) e a intensidade de infecção nos espécimes coletados. Os dois indivíduos de P. nattereri com infecção por pentastomídeos em número superior a 40 tinham seus pulmões completamente infectados por esses parasitas, incluindo a traquéia e peritônio pulmonar. Esses indivíduos possuíam seus pulmões gradualmente destruídos, hemorragias aparentes e partes da estrutura trabecular dos pulmões destruída. As taxas de infecção contrastantes estimadas aqui podem estar relacionadas com as diferenças de estratégias de forrageamento, dieta e seleção de habitats por P. nattereri e O. aeneus.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Colubridae/parasitologia , Crustáceos/classificação , Pulmão/parasitologia , Brasil , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Phalotris matogrossensis (Serpentes, Colubridae) was reported as a new host for Haplometroides intercaecalis (Digenea, Plagiorchiidae). The host snake was obtained from the municipality of Anastácio, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. One specimen of H. intercaecalis was recovered from the esophagus of the host and identified by the intercecal position of the vitellaria in the pre-acetabular region. This paper describes the second report of the occurrence of this trematode in fossorial snakes of the genus Phalotris in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Assuntos
Animais , Colubridae/parasitologia , Serpentes/parasitologia , TrematódeosRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the infection rates of snakes by pentastomids in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Fifteen snakes (four Micrurus ibiboboca (Merrem, 1820) and eleven Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870) were collected between January and April of 2005, in the municipality of Crato (07° 14' S and 39° 24' W), State of Ceará, Brazil. Laboratorial analysis of the respiratory tracts of the sampled snakes indicated differences in host infection rates: four individuals of P. nattereri (36.4 percent) were infected by Cephalobaena tetrapoda Heymons, 1922 (mean infection intensity 1.5 ± 0.28, 1-2) and three specimens (27.3 percent) by Raillietiella furcocerca (Diesing, 1863) (2.3 ± 1.32, 1-5). Only one individual of M. ibiboboca (25 percent) was infected by a non-identified species of Raillietiella sp. These are the first data on pentastomid infection in snakes in Northeastern Brazil and both snake species comprise new host records for the pentastomids. The results also indicate that the generalist parasites C. tetrapoda and R. furcocerca share their definitive hosts.
Este artigo visou compreender as taxas de infecção por pentastomídeos em serpentes na região do semi-árido brasileiro. Quinze serpentes (quatro Micrurus ibiboboca (Merrem, 1820) e onze Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870) foram coletadas entre os meses de janeiro e abril de 2005, no município do Crato (07° 14' S and 39° 24' W), Estado do Ceará. A análise laboratorial do trato respiratório das serpentes amostradas indicou diferenças nas taxas de infecção: quatro indivíduos de P. nattereri (36.4 por cento) estavam infectados por Cephalobaena tetrapoda Heymons, 1922 (intensidade de infecção média de 1.5 ± 0.28, 1-2) e três (27.3 por cento) por Raillietiella furcocerca (Diesing, 1863) (2.3 ± 1.32, 1-5). Apenas um indivíduo de M. ibiboboca (25 por cento) estava infectado por uma espécie não identificada de Raillietiella sp. Essas informações constituem os primeiros dados sobre infecção por pentastomídeos em serpentes para a região do nordeste brasileiro e ambas as espécies de serpentes constituem novos hospedeiros para os pentastomídeos identificados. Os resultados também indicam que os parasitas generalistas C. tetrapoda e R. furcocerca compartilham seus hospedeiros definitivos.
Assuntos
Animais , Colubridae/parasitologia , Crustáceos/classificação , Elapidae/parasitologia , Brasil , PrevalênciaRESUMO
A new species of Haplometroides (Digenea, Plagiorchiidae) is described from a specimen of Phalotris nasutus (Gomes, 1915) (Serpentes, Colubridae). The host snake was obtained in the municipality of Corumbd, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Trematodes were recovered from esophagus, stomach, and small intestine of the host. The main characteristic of the new species is the vitellaria, which is intercecal, cecal, and extracecal in the preacetabular region. A key for identification of the species in Haplometroides is proposed.
Assuntos
Colubridae/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Trematódeos/classificação , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Esôfago/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Masculino , Estômago/parasitologia , Trematódeos/anatomia & histologia , Trematódeos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologiaRESUMO
In a survey of 1,732 amphibians and reptiles collected across São Paulo Province, Brazil, and 7 provinces in Paraguay, 26 species were found infected with acanthocephalans. Of 1,510 anurans, 14 anurans, representing 11 species, were infected with cystacanths of Centrorhynchus spp. and 1 anuran with cystacanths of Oligacanthorhynchus sp. Of 107 lizards, 1 lizard was infected with cystacanths of Centrorhynchus sp. and 1 lizard with cystacanths of Oligacanthorhynchus sp. Acanthocephalus caspanensis was found in 3 anurans (3 species) and Acanthocephalus lutzi in 3 anurans (2 species) and 2 snakes (2 species). The systematic position of A. lutzi cannot be resolved using presently available morphological data. Acanthocephalus saopaulensis n. sp. was found in a single individual of Bufo ictericus. The new species can be differentiated from all its congeners except A. caspanensis in having a sigmoid-shaped male posterior end and from A. caspanensis in having a proboscis armature of 16 rows of 5-7 hooks rather than 18-19 rows of 6-7 hooks and larger eggs. The status of Acanthocephalus and Pseudoacanthocephalus continues to be problematic.
Assuntos
Acantocéfalos/classificação , Anuros/parasitologia , Colubridae/parasitologia , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Lagartos/parasitologia , Acantocéfalos/anatomia & histologia , Acantocéfalos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Intestinos/parasitologia , Masculino , ParaguaiRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the infection rates of snakes by pentastomids in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Fifteen snakes (four Micrurus ibiboboca (Merrem, 1820) and eleven Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870) were collected between January and April of 2005, in the municipality of Crato (07 degrees 14' S and 39 degrees 24' W), State of Ceará, Brazil. Laboratorial analysis of the respiratory tracts of the sampled snakes indicated differences in host infection rates: four individuals of P. nattereri (36.4%) were infected by Cephalobaena tetrapoda Heymons, 1922 (mean infection intensity 1.5 +/- 0.28, 1-2) and three specimens (27.3%) by Raillietiella furcocerca (Diesing, 1863) (2.3 +/- 1.32, 1-5). Only one individual of M. ibiboboca (25%) was infected by a non-identified species of Raillietiella sp. These are the first data on pentastomid infection in snakes in Northeastern Brazil and both snake species comprise new host records for the pentastomids. The results also indicate that the generalist parasites C. tetrapoda and R. furcocerca share their definitive hosts.