RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Identify the potential for and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission. METHODS: Symptomatic pregnant women with COVID-19 diagnosis in whom PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was performed at delivery using maternal serum and at least one of the biological samples: cord blood (CB), amniotic fluid (AF), colostrum and/or oropharyngeal swab (OPS) of the neonate. The association of parameters with maternal, AF and/or CB positivity and the influence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in AF and/or CB on neonatal outcomes were investigated. RESULTS: Overall 73.4% (80/109) were admitted in hospital due to COVID-19, 22.9% needed intensive care and there were four maternal deaths. Positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was observed in 14.7% of maternal blood, 13.9% of AF, 6.7% of CB, 2.1% of colostrum and 3.7% of OPS samples. The interval between COVID-19 symptoms and delivery was inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the maternal blood (p = 0.002) and in the AF and/or CB (p = 0.049). Maternal viremia was associated with positivity for SARS-CoV-2 in AF and/or CB (p = 0.001). SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the compartments was not associated with neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: Vertical transmission is possible in pregnant women with COVID-19 and a shorter interval between maternal symptoms and delivery is an influencing factor.
Assuntos
COVID-19/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Líquido Amniótico/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/mortalidade , COVID-19/virologia , Colostro/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/mortalidade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Infections by small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) affect goats and sheep causing chronic multisystemic diseases that generate great economic losses. The caprine lentivirus (CLV) and the ovine lentivirus (OLV) present tropism for cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, which are directly associated with the main route of transmission through the ingestion of milk and colostrum from infected animals. In this manner, controlling this route is of paramount importance. Currently, researches have investigated the use of chemical additives in milk that can preserve colostrum or milk and inactivate microbiological agents. Among the compounds, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been shown to be satisfactory in the chemical inactivation of HIV and CLV in milk, and also as a biocide in goat colostrum.(AU)
As lentiviroses de pequenos ruminantes (LVPRs) são infecções que afetam caprinos e ovinos, causando doenças multissistêmicas crônicas, ocasionando grandes perdas econômicas. Os agentes causadores, lentivírus caprino (LVC) e o lentivírus ovino (LVO), apresentam tropismo por células da linhagem monocítico--fagocitária, as quais estão diretamente associadas à principal via de transmissão, por meio da ingestão de leite e colostro provindos de animais infectados. Desse modo, o controle por esta via é de suma importância. Atualmente, pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas para o uso de aditivos químicos no leite, que possam conservar o colostro ou leite, e inativar agentes microbiológicos presentes. Dentre estes, o dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) vem apresentando resultados satisfatórios na inativação química do HIV e LVC em leite, e ainda como biocida em colostro caprino.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/farmacologia , Ruminantes/virologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/tratamento farmacológico , Lentivirus Ovinos-Caprinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovinos/virologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/transmissão , Colostro/virologia , Leite/virologiaRESUMO
Infections by small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) affect goats and sheep causing chronic multisystemic diseases that generate great economic losses. The caprine lentivirus (CLV) and the ovine lentivirus (OLV) present tropism for cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, which are directly associated with the main route of transmission through the ingestion of milk and colostrum from infected animals. In this manner, controlling this route is of paramount importance. Currently, researches have investigated the use of chemical additives in milk that can preserve colostrum or milk and inactivate microbiological agents. Among the compounds, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been shown to be satisfactory in the chemical inactivation of HIV and CLV in milk, and also as a biocide in goat colostrum.(AU)
As lentiviroses de pequenos ruminantes (LVPRs) são infecções que afetam caprinos e ovinos, causando doenças multissistêmicas crônicas, ocasionando grandes perdas econômicas. Os agentes causadores, lentivírus caprino (LVC) e o lentivírus ovino (LVO), apresentam tropismo por células da linhagem monocítico--fagocitária, as quais estão diretamente associadas à principal via de transmissão, por meio da ingestão de leite e colostro provindos de animais infectados. Desse modo, o controle por esta via é de suma importância. Atualmente, pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas para o uso de aditivos químicos no leite, que possam conservar o colostro ou leite, e inativar agentes microbiológicos presentes. Dentre estes, o dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) vem apresentando resultados satisfatórios na inativação química do HIV e LVC em leite, e ainda como biocida em colostro caprino.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/farmacologia , Ruminantes/virologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/tratamento farmacológico , Lentivirus Ovinos-Caprinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovinos/virologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/transmissão , Colostro/virologia , Leite/virologiaRESUMO
The detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection, especially among persistently infected calves (PI), should be performed earlier in order to eliminate the source of the infection and to prevent the spread of the disease in the herd. However, colostrum intake can influence the results of some of the tests used to diagnose the BVDV infection. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of serum neutralization (SN) test in conjunction with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of BVDV infection before colostrum intake. The deliveries of the animals were assisted to select 52 newborn Holstein calves for inclusion in the study. Initially, the whole blood and serum samples were collected from the calves before (T0) and after (T1) the colostrum intake. The calves that were RT-PCR positive at any of the time-points were retested on the 30th day post birth (T2). The presence of specific antibodies for BVDV was evaluated by SN, and that of viral RNA by the RT-PCR. The BVDV-specific antibodies were observed in the serum of 13.46% (7/52) of the calves at T0 because of fetal infection. At T1, seroconversion was observed in 100% (52/52) of the calves. The geometric mean titers (GMT) of the antibodies for BVDV increased significantly from T0 (14.52) to T1 (2490) (P = 0.0001). Of the four calves that were RT-PCR positive before colostrum...(AU)
Infecção causada pelo BVDV, especialmente bezerras persistentemente infectadas (PI), deve ser detectada precocemente para eliminação da fonte de infecção e disseminação da doença no rebanho. No entanto, a mamada de colostro interfere em alguns testes adotados para o diagnóstico da Diarréia Viral Bovina. Assim, esta pesquisa avaliou o uso da soroneutralização (SN) em associação com a reação em cadeia de polimerase precedida da transcrição reversa (RT-PCR) para diagnóstico da infecção pelo BVDV antes da mamada de colostro. Partos foram acompanhados para seleção de 52 bezerras da raça Holandesa. Inicialmente foram coletadas amostras de sangue total e soro de todos os animais antes (T0) e após a mamada do colostro (T1). Os animais positivos no RT-PCR em qualquer momento foram retestados aos 30 dias de vida (T2). A detecção de anticorpos específicos para o BVDV foi feita por meio da técnica de soroneutralização e a detecção do RNA viral pela técnica de RT-PCR. Foram observados anticorpos neutralizantes no soro sanguíneo em 13,46% (7/52) bezerras no T0, proveniente de infecção fetal; e no T1 observou-se soroconversão de 100% (52/52) das bezerras. Os títulos médios geométricos (GMT) de anticorpos para BVDV aumentaram significativamente do T0 (14,52) para o T1 (2.490) (P=0,0001). Quatro bezerros foram positivos no RT-PCR antes da mamada de colostro (T0), sendo que dois deles eram...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/patogenicidade , Síndrome Hemorrágica Bovina/diagnóstico , Colostro/virologiaRESUMO
The detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection, especially among persistently infected calves (PI), should be performed earlier in order to eliminate the source of the infection and to prevent the spread of the disease in the herd. However, colostrum intake can influence the results of some of the tests used to diagnose the BVDV infection. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of serum neutralization (SN) test in conjunction with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of BVDV infection before colostrum intake. The deliveries of the animals were assisted to select 52 newborn Holstein calves for inclusion in the study. Initially, the whole blood and serum samples were collected from the calves before (T0) and after (T1) the colostrum intake. The calves that were RT-PCR positive at any of the time-points were retested on the 30th day post birth (T2). The presence of specific antibodies for BVDV was evaluated by SN, and that of viral RNA by the RT-PCR. The BVDV-specific antibodies were observed in the serum of 13.46% (7/52) of the calves at T0 because of fetal infection. At T1, seroconversion was observed in 100% (52/52) of the calves. The geometric mean titers (GMT) of the antibodies for BVDV increased significantly from T0 (14.52) to T1 (2490) (P = 0.0001). Of the four calves that were RT-PCR positive before colostrum...
Infecção causada pelo BVDV, especialmente bezerras persistentemente infectadas (PI), deve ser detectada precocemente para eliminação da fonte de infecção e disseminação da doença no rebanho. No entanto, a mamada de colostro interfere em alguns testes adotados para o diagnóstico da Diarréia Viral Bovina. Assim, esta pesquisa avaliou o uso da soroneutralização (SN) em associação com a reação em cadeia de polimerase precedida da transcrição reversa (RT-PCR) para diagnóstico da infecção pelo BVDV antes da mamada de colostro. Partos foram acompanhados para seleção de 52 bezerras da raça Holandesa. Inicialmente foram coletadas amostras de sangue total e soro de todos os animais antes (T0) e após a mamada do colostro (T1). Os animais positivos no RT-PCR em qualquer momento foram retestados aos 30 dias de vida (T2). A detecção de anticorpos específicos para o BVDV foi feita por meio da técnica de soroneutralização e a detecção do RNA viral pela técnica de RT-PCR. Foram observados anticorpos neutralizantes no soro sanguíneo em 13,46% (7/52) bezerras no T0, proveniente de infecção fetal; e no T1 observou-se soroconversão de 100% (52/52) das bezerras. Os títulos médios geométricos (GMT) de anticorpos para BVDV aumentaram significativamente do T0 (14,52) para o T1 (2.490) (P=0,0001). Quatro bezerros foram positivos no RT-PCR antes da mamada de colostro (T0), sendo que dois deles eram...
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Colostro/virologia , Síndrome Hemorrágica Bovina/diagnóstico , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/patogenicidadeRESUMO
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the transmission of caprine lentivirus to sheep using different experimental groups. The first one (colostrum group) was formed by nine lambs receiving colostrum from goats positive for small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). The second group (milk group) was established by nine lambs that received milk of these goats. Third was a control group, consisting of lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of negative mothers. Another experimental group (contact group) was formed by eight adult sheep, confined with two naturally infected goats. The groups were monitored by immunoblotting (IB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). All lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of infected goats and six sheep of the contact group had positive results in the nPCR, although seroconversion was detected only in three of the exposed animals, with no clinical lentiviruses manifestation, in 720 days of observation. There was a close relationship between viral sequences obtained from infected animals and the prototype CAEV-Cork. Thus, it was concluded that SRLV can be transmitted from goats to sheep, however, the degree of adaptation of the virus strain to the host species probably interferes with the infection persistence and seroconversion rate.
Assuntos
Vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina/patogenicidade , Colostro/virologia , Doenças das Cabras/transmissão , Infecções por Lentivirus/transmissão , Doenças dos Ovinos/transmissão , Vírus Visna-Maedi/patogenicidade , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Cabras/virologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/fisiologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/virologia , Ruminantes/virologia , Soroconversão/fisiologia , Ovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologiaRESUMO
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the transmission of caprine lentivirus to sheep using different experimental groups. The first one (colostrum group) was formed by nine lambs receiving colostrum from goats positive for small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). The second group (milk group) was established by nine lambs that received milk of these goats. Third was a control group, consisting of lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of negative mothers. Another experimental group (contact group) was formed by eight adult sheep, confined with two naturally infected goats. The groups were monitored by immunoblotting (IB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). All lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of infected goats and six sheep of the contact group had positive results in the nPCR, although seroconversion was detected only in three of the exposed animals, with no clinical lentiviruses manifestation, in 720 days of observation. There was a close relationship between viral sequences obtained from infected animals and the prototype CAEV-Cork. Thus, it was concluded that SRLV can be transmitted from goats to sheep, however, the degree of adaptation of the virus strain to the host species probably interferes with the infection persistence and seroconversion rate.
.Assuntos
Animais , Vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina/patogenicidade , Colostro/virologia , Doenças das Cabras/transmissão , Infecções por Lentivirus/transmissão , Doenças dos Ovinos/transmissão , Vírus Visna-Maedi/patogenicidade , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Cabras/virologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/fisiologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/virologia , Ruminantes/virologia , Soroconversão/fisiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologia , Ovinos/virologiaRESUMO
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the transmission of caprine lentivirus to sheep using different experimental groups. The first one (colostrum group) was formed by nine lambs receiving colostrum from goats positive for small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). The second group (milk group) was established by nine lambs that received milk of these goats. Third was a control group, consisting of lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of negative mothers. Another experimental group (contact group) was formed by eight adult sheep, confined with two naturally infected goats. The groups were monitored by immunoblotting (IB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). All lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of infected goats and six sheep of the contact group had positive results in the nPCR, although seroconversion was detected only in three of the exposed animals, with no clinical lentiviruses manifestation, in 720 days of observation. There was a close relationship between viral sequences obtained from infected animals and the prototype CAEV-Cork. Thus, it was concluded that SRLV can be transmitted from goats to sheep, however, the degree of adaptation of the virus strain to the host species probably interferes with the infection persistence and seroconversion rate..(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina/patogenicidade , Colostro/virologia , Doenças das Cabras/transmissão , Infecções por Lentivirus/transmissão , Doenças dos Ovinos/transmissão , Vírus Visna-Maedi/patogenicidade , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Cabras/virologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/fisiologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/virologia , Ruminantes/virologia , Soroconversão/fisiologia , Ovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the placenta, in the colostrum and in the umbilical cord blood of parturient women and their newborns assisted at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Hospital of Rio Grande (RS), Brazil. METHODS: Biopsies were collected from 150 placentas on the maternal side, 150 on the fetal side, 138 samples of umbilical cord blood and 118 of the colostrum. The placenta biopsies were collected from the central and peripheral portions. DNA was extracted according to the manufacturer's protocol and to a reference found in the literature. HPV was detected by the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR-Nested) using primers MY09/11 and GP5/GP6. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. The participants responded to a self-applied questionnaire with demographic and clinical data, in order to characterize the sample. RESULTS: HPV was detected in 4% (6/150) of cases on the mother's side of the placentas, in 3.3% (5/150) on the fetal side, in 2.2% (3/138) in umbilical cord blood and in 0.84% (1/118) in colostrum samples. The vertical transmission rate was 50%. HPV-6 was the low-risk genotype found (60%) and the high-risk genotypes were HPV-16 and HPV-18 (20% each). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that HPV can infect the placenta, the colostrum and the umbilical cord blood.
Assuntos
Colostro/virologia , Sangue Fetal/virologia , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Placenta/virologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar a frequência do Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) na placenta, no colostro e no sangue do cordão umbilical de parturientes e seus neonatos atendidos no Ambulatório de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia do Hospital Universitário de Rio Grande (RS), Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram coletadas biópsias de 150 placentas do lado materno, 150 do lado fetal, 138 amostras do sangue do cordão umbilical e 118 amostras de colostro. As biópsias de placenta foram coletadas da porção central e periférica. O DNA foi extraído segundo protocolo do fabricante e conforme referência encontrada na literatura. O HPV foi detectado pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase aninhada (PCR-Nested) com os primers MY09/11 e GP5/GP6. A genotipagem foi por sequenciamento direto. As participantes responderam a um questionário autoaplicado com dados demográficos e clínicos, a fim de caracterizar a amostra. RESULTADOS: O HPV foi detectado em 4% (6/150) do lado materno das placentas, 3,3% (5/150) do lado fetal; 2,2% (3/138) no sangue do cordão e 0,8% (1/118) no colostro. A taxa de transmissão vertical foi de 50%. O genótipo de baixo risco oncogênico encontrado foi o HPV-6 (60%) e de alto risco, os HPV-16 e HPV-18 (20% cada). CONCLUSÕES: Esses resultados sugerem que o HPV pode infectar a placenta, o colostro e o sangue do cordão umbilical. .
PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the placenta, in the colostrum and in the umbilical cord blood of parturient women and their newborns assisted at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Hospital of Rio Grande (RS), Brazil. METHODS: Biopsies were collected from 150 placentas on the maternal side, 150 on the fetal side, 138 samples of umbilical cord blood and 118 of the colostrum. The placenta biopsies were collected from the central and peripheral portions. DNA was extracted according to the manufacturer's protocol and to a reference found in the literature. HPV was detected by the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR-Nested) using primers MY09/11 and GP5/GP6. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. The participants responded to a self-applied questionnaire with demographic and clinical data, in order to characterize the sample. RESULTS: HPV was detected in 4% (6/150) of cases on the mother's side of the placentas, in 3.3% (5/150) on the fetal side, in 2.2% (3/138) in umbilical cord blood and in 0.84% (1/118) in colostrum samples. The vertical transmission rate was 50%. HPV-6 was the low-risk genotype found (60%) and the high-risk genotypes were HPV-16 and HPV-18 (20% each). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that HPV can infect the placenta, the colostrum and the umbilical cord blood. .
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Colostro/virologia , Sangue Fetal/virologia , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Placenta/virologia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is endemic in Argentina, where the individual prevalence is higher than 80% in dairy farms. The aim of this work was to find preliminary evidence to know if the high level of infection of the dam would implicate a higher challenge to her own offspring. We collected 65 sets of samples consisting of dam's blood and colostrum from two heavily infected dairy farms, and investigated the correlation between the dam's blood proviral load and the presence of provirus in colostrum. We also described the dual antibody/provirus profile in the colostrum. Provirus was detected in 69.23% of the colostrum samples, mostly from dams with a high proviral load, 36/45 (80%). Colostrum proviral load was significantly higher in dams with high blood proviral load (p<0.0001). Provirus was detected in colostrum samples all along the antibody distribution, even in those with a low amount of antibodies. These results show that even when high blood proviral load dams offer higher levels of infected cells to their offspring through colostrum they also offer higher levels of protection of antibodies. On the contrary, low blood proviral load dams also offer infected cells but a poor content of antibodies, suggesting that these animals could play an important role in the epidemiological cycle of transmission.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Colostro/virologia , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/epidemiologia , Vírus da Leucemia Bovina/isolamento & purificação , Provírus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Colostro/imunologia , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/imunologia , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/transmissão , Feminino , Vírus da Leucemia Bovina/imunologia , Gravidez , Prevalência , Provírus/imunologia , Carga ViralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is highly endemic in many countries, including Argentina. As prevention of the spread from infected animals is of primary importance in breaking the cycle of BLV transmission, it is important to know the pathophysiology of BLV infection in young animals, as they are the main source of animal movement. In this work, we determined the proviral load and antibody titers of infected newborn calves from birth to first parturition (36 months). RESULTS: All calves under study were born to infected dams with high proviral load (PVL) in blood and high antibody titers and detectable provirus in the colostrum. The PVL for five out of seven calves was low at birth. All animals reached PVLs of more than 1% infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), three at 3 months, one at 6 months, and one at 12 months. High PVLs persisted until the end of the study, and, in two animals, exceeded one BLV copy per cell. Two other calves maintained a high PVL from birth until the end of the study. Antibody titers were 32 or higher in the first sample from six out of seven calves. These decayed at 3-6 months to 16 or lower, and then increased again after this point. CONCLUSIONS: Calves infected during the first week of life could play an active role in early propagation of BLV to susceptible animals, since their PVL raised up during the first 12 months and persist as high for years. Early elimination could help to prevent transmission to young susceptible animals and to their own offspring. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the kinetics of BLV proviral load and antibody titers in newborn infected calves.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/virologia , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/fisiopatologia , Vírus da Leucemia Bovina , Fatores Etários , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bovinos/virologia , Colostro/virologia , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/virologia , Provírus , Carga Viral/veterináriaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to characterize the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections in farrowing sows and to evaluate an association with piglet viremia and weight. Twenty sows and 100 newborn piglets were studied. Colostrum and serum of the sows were obtained on the day of parturition. Milk samples were collected on day 20 postpartum. Blood samples were taken and the piglets were weighed on days 1, 20, 42, 63 and 84 postpartum. Colostrum, milk and serum were evaluated for PCV2 DNA load. Serum was evaluated for neutralizing antibodies. PCV2 DNA was found in 17/20 serum samples, 14/20 colostrum samples and 11/20 milk samples. On day 1 postpartum 29% of piglets were viremic. PCV2 viral load ranged from 3.02 to 6.75 log10 copies/mL considering all sampled days. There was no correlation between sow viremia, antibody levels or PCV2 load in colostrum and piglet viremia on day 1 postpartum. The PCV2 load in colostrum and milk was associated with viremia in piglets from weaning to 84 days postpartum. Piglets' PCV2 viremia and viral load could not be associated with weight throughout this study...
O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o efeito do infecção pelo circovírus suíno 2 (PCV2) em porcas gestantes na viremia e no peso da leitegada. Vinte porcas e 100 leitões recém-nascidos foram acompanhados. Amostras de colostro e soro das porcas foram obtidas no dia do parto. Amostras de leite foram coletadas no dia pós-parto 20. Os leitões foram pesados e tiveram amostras de soro coletadas nos dias um, 20, 42, 63 e 84 pós-parto. Soro, colostro e leite foram testados para carga viral do PCV2. Soro foi avaliado para presença de anticorpos neutralizantes. O DNA do PCV2 foi encontrado em 14 de 20 amostras de colostro e em 11 de 20 amostras de leite. No dia pós-parto 1, 29% dos leitões foram virêmicos. A carga viral do PCV2 variou 3,02-6,75 log10 cópias / mL, considerando todos os dias amostrados. Não houve correlação entre viremia das porcas e os níveis de anticorpos no soro ou na carga de PCV2 no colostro e na viremia dos leitões com um dia de vida. A carga de PCV2 no colostro e no leite foi associada à viremia em leitões do desmame até 84 dias pós-parto. A carga viral do PCV2 em leitões não foi associada com o peso ao longo deste estudo...
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Circovirus/isolamento & purificação , Colostro/virologia , Leite/virologia , Suínos/virologia , Tamanho da Ninhada/imunologia , Anticorpos , Carga ViralRESUMO
The aim of this study was to characterize the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections in farrowing sows and to evaluate an association with piglet viremia and weight. Twenty sows and 100 newborn piglets were studied. Colostrum and serum of the sows were obtained on the day of parturition. Milk samples were collected on day 20 postpartum. Blood samples were taken and the piglets were weighed on days 1, 20, 42, 63 and 84 postpartum. Colostrum, milk and serum were evaluated for PCV2 DNA load. Serum was evaluated for neutralizing antibodies. PCV2 DNA was found in 17/20 serum samples, 14/20 colostrum samples and 11/20 milk samples. On day 1 postpartum 29% of piglets were viremic. PCV2 viral load ranged from 3.02 to 6.75 log10 copies/mL considering all sampled days. There was no correlation between sow viremia, antibody levels or PCV2 load in colostrum and piglet viremia on day 1 postpartum. The PCV2 load in colostrum and milk was associated with viremia in piglets from weaning to 84 days postpartum. Piglets' PCV2 viremia and viral load could not be associated with weight throughout this study.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o efeito do infecção pelo circovírus suíno 2 (PCV2) em porcas gestantes na viremia e no peso da leitegada. Vinte porcas e 100 leitões recém-nascidos foram acompanhados. Amostras de colostro e soro das porcas foram obtidas no dia do parto. Amostras de leite foram coletadas no dia pós-parto 20. Os leitões foram pesados e tiveram amostras de soro coletadas nos dias um, 20, 42, 63 e 84 pós-parto. Soro, colostro e leite foram testados para carga viral do PCV2. Soro foi avaliado para presença de anticorpos neutralizantes. O DNA do PCV2 foi encontrado em 14 de 20 amostras de colostro e em 11 de 20 amostras de leite. No dia pós-parto 1, 29% dos leitões foram virêmicos. A carga viral do PCV2 variou 3,02-6,75 log10 cópias / mL, considerando todos os dias amostrados. Não houve correlação entre viremia das porcas e os níveis de anticorpos no soro ou na carga de PCV2 no colostro e na viremia dos leitões com um dia de vida. A carga de PCV2 no colostro e no leite foi associada à viremia em leitões do desmame até 84 dias pós-parto. A carga viral do PCV2 em leitões não foi associada com o peso ao longo deste estudo.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Suínos/virologia , Circovirus/isolamento & purificação , Tamanho da Ninhada/imunologia , Colostro/virologia , Leite/virologia , Carga Viral , AnticorposRESUMO
The aim of this study was to describe early infections with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in naturally infected piglets and the piglets' serologic profiles. A total of 20 sows (15 PCV2-vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated) and 100 newborn piglets were studied. Colostrum and serum of the sows and serum of the presuckling piglets were obtained on the day of parturition. Milk samples were collected on day 20 postpartum. Blood samples were taken and the piglets weighed on days 1, 20, 42, 63, and 84 postpartum. Colostrum and milk were evaluated for infectious PCV2 and for PCV2 total antibody (TA), neutralizing antibody (NA), and IgA. Serum samples were evaluated for PCV2 TA, NA, IgA, IgM, and DNA. The sows had high levels of TA and NA in serum and colostrum; however, 11 and 5, respectively, of the 20 colostrum and milk samples contained infectious PCV2. In the serum, PCV2 DNA and IgM were detected in 17 and 5, respectively, of the 20 sows. Nine piglets were born with PCV2 antibodies, which indicates in utero transmission of PCV2 after the period of immunocompetence (> 70 d of gestation). On day 1 postpartum, PCV2 DNA was detected in 29 of the 100 serum samples from the piglets. There was no difference between the weights of viremic and nonviremic piglets throughout the study. In conclusion, even on farms with sows that have high PCV2 antibody titers, vertical transmission of PCV2 may occur, resulting in piglet infection.
Assuntos
Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Viremia/veterinária , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Circoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/transmissão , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Circovirus/genética , Colostro/virologia , DNA Viral/química , DNA Viral/genética , Feminino , Leite/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/transmissão , Viremia/imunologia , Viremia/transmissão , Viremia/virologiaRESUMO
Serum antibodies and shedding of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) into lacteal secretions were examined in naturally infected sows. Total (TA) and neutralising (NA) antibodies against PCV2 were evaluated in serum and colostrum from 20 vaccinated (Vac) and 21 unvaccinated (N-vac) sows. Anti-PCV2 IgA titres and PCV2 infectious titres were determined in colostrum and milk. All sows had high TA and NA levels in serum and colostrum. Infectious PCV2 was detected in 22/41 colostrum samples (7/20 Vac and 15/21N-Vac sows) and 5/20 milk samples (1/5 Vac and 4/15N-Vac sows). Anti-PCV2 IgA was found in high levels in colostrum and varying levels in milk. Infectious PCV2 may be present in milk and colostrum of naturally infected sows, even in the presence of NA.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Animais , Infecções por Circoviridae/transmissão , Colostro/virologia , Feminino , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/veterinária , Leite/virologia , Eliminação de Partículas ViraisRESUMO
The role of breast-feeding in perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was explored in 15 HCV-infected mothers and their infants. The 15 carrier mothers had anti-HCV titers ranging from 1:80 to 1:40,000 and also had HCV-ribonucleic acid with concentrations ranging from 10(4) to 2.5 x 10(8) copies/ml. Both anti-HCV antibody and HCV-ribonucleic acid were present in colostral samples in much lower levels, but none of the 11 breast-fed infants had evidence of HCV infection for up to 1 year of age. Thus breast-feeding seems safe for these infants.