RESUMO
AIM: To investigate the internal and external anatomy of extracted human mandibular canines with two roots and two distinct canals using micro-computed tomography (µCT). METHODOLOGY: Fourteen two-rooted human mandibular canines were scanned using a high-resolution µCT system (SkyScan 1174v2; SkyScan N.V., Kontich, Belgium). The images were processed to evaluate the size of the roots, the furcation regions, the presence of accessory canals, the mean distances between several anatomical landmarks, the position of the apical foramina, the direction of root curvatures, the cross-sectional appearances (SMI index), the volume and surface areas of the root canals. RESULTS: Root bifurcation was located in both apical (44%, n = 6) and middle (58%, n = 8) thirds of the root. The size of the buccal and lingual roots was similar in 29% of the sample. From a buccal view, no curvature towards the lingual or buccal direction occurred in either roots. From a proximal view, no straight lingual root occurred. In both views, S-shaped roots were found in 21% of the specimens. Location of the apical foramen varied considerably, tending to the mesio-buccal aspect of both roots. Lateral and furcation canals were observed mostly in the cervical third in 29% and 65% of the sample, respectively. The structure model index (SMI) index ranged from 1.87 to 3.86, with a mean value of 2.93 ± 0.46. Mean volume and area of the root canals were 11.52 ± 3.44 mm(3) and 71.16 ± 11.83 mm(2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of two-rooted mandibular canines revealed that bifurcations occurred in the apical and middle third. S-shaped roots were found in 21% of the specimens. Mean volume, surface area and SMI index of the root canals were 11.52 mm(3), 71.16 mm(2) and 2.93, respectively.
Assuntos
Dente Canino/anormalidades , Cavidade Pulpar/anormalidades , Raiz Dentária/anormalidades , Microtomografia por Raio-X/métodos , Anatomia Transversal , Dente Canino/diagnóstico por imagem , Cavidade Pulpar/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Odontometria/métodos , Software , Ápice Dentário/anormalidades , Ápice Dentário/diagnóstico por imagem , Colo do Dente/anormalidades , Colo do Dente/diagnóstico por imagem , Raiz Dentária/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Talon cusp is an uncommon condition often present in the maxillary incisors and mandibular premolars. Morphologically, this anomaly has a well-delineated cusp that extends at least half the distance from the cementoenamel junction or cingulum area to the incisal edge. The alteration can cause clinical problems such as caries or occlusal interference. Management of the talon cusp varies according to the circumstances of the individual case and should be as conservative as possible. Presented is a case of bilateral bifid talon cusp in maxillary central incisors that was successfully managed with conservative therapy.
Assuntos
Incisivo/anormalidades , Condicionamento Ácido do Dente , Adolescente , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato , Compômeros , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Adesivos Dentinários , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , Humanos , Masculino , Maxila , Selantes de Fossas e Fissuras/uso terapêutico , Colo do Dente/anormalidades , Coroa do Dente/anormalidadesRESUMO
Reviewing the literature the authors show the importance of cervical enamel projections (CEP) in the involvement of molar furcation. The dento-gingival relationship of CEP structure is peculiar for not having connective attachment but only long junctional epithelium. In numerous studies, most mandibular and maxillary molars presented CEP, mainly of little extension, with an incidence ranging from 8.8 to 87.4%. The studies showed a relationship between cervical enamel projection and the presence of inflammatory periodontal disease, and furcation involvement of molars. These data suggest that a detailed clinical trial must be carried out as well as early diagnosis of periodontal disease at the region of furcation.