RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mexican health system structure allows us to study the differences in bile duct injury (BDI) management. The study aimed to assess the differences in patients with complex BDI in 2 different public sector institutions using a new proposed standard terminology. METHODS: Retrospective review (2008-2019) in 2 public institutions (IMSS/SESVER). Bismuth-Strasberg E injuries with hepaticojejunostomy were included. Data are presented in a tabular reporting system. The outcomes were percent of patients attaining primary patency, loss of primary patency, and actuarial primary patency rate. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients (IMSS: n = 37; SESVER: n = 41) without differences in demographic and preoperative assessment were studied. BDI occurred mostly in outside hospitals. Open cholecystectomy was the most common index operation in SESVER (73%, p = 0.02). IMSS had more surgeries (p = 0.007) and repair attempts (p = 0.06) prior to referral. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was more commonly used in IMSS patients. Biliary stents (45%) and cholangitis (29%) were more common in IMSS (p < 0.05). IMSS patients had longer follow-up than SESVER (p < 0.05). No differences in primary patency rates (IMSS: 89%, SESVER: 97%) and actuarial patency rates were noted. DISCUSSION: Despite differences in referral, preoperative, and operative events, good BDI repair outcomes can be achieved. Longer follow-up is needed to monitor these outcomes.
Assuntos
Ductos Biliares/lesões , Colecistectomia/efeitos adversos , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia , Adulto , Colangite/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologiaRESUMO
Obesity and cholesterol gallstone disease (GSD) are frequently coexisting diseases; therefore and considering the current worldwide obesity epidemics, a precise understanding of the pathophysiological relationships between GSD and insulin resistance (IR) is important. Classically, obesity has been understood as a risk factor for GSD and the gallbladder (GB) viewed as a simple bile reservoir, with no metabolic roles whatsoever. However, consistent evidence has showed that both GSD and cholecystectomy associates with fatty liver and IR, raising the possibility that the GB is indeed an organ with metabolic regulatory roles. Herein, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms by which GSD, IR, and obesity are interconnected, with emphasis in the actions of the GB as a regulator of bile acids kinetics and a hormone secreting organ, with metabolic actions at the systemic level. We also examine the relationships between increased hepatic lipogenic in IR states and GSD pathogenesis. We propose a model in which GSD and hepatic IR mutually interact to determine a state of dysregulated lipid and energy metabolism that potentiate the metabolic dysregulation of obesity.
Assuntos
Colelitíase/complicações , Colelitíase/fisiopatologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Tecido Adiposo/fisiopatologia , Animais , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Fígado Gorduroso/complicações , Fígado Gorduroso/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Vesícula Biliar/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Intestinos/fisiopatologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar tasa de conversión de colecistectomía laparoscópica, y su distribución por edad, sexo, y comorbilidades. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionó pacientes sobre 50 años que requirieron colecistectomía laparoscópica. Fue determinado el porcentaje de conversión general y por grupo etario. Finalmente se calculó el porcentaje de conversiones según sexo, patologías asociadas y carácter de la cirugía. Resultados: De 175 colecistectomías, 17 (9,1%) requirieron conversión. También se determinó que a mayor edad, mayor tasa de conversión. Pacientes femeninas presentaron menor tasa de conversión que masculinos. Discusión: Los resultados demuestran tasa de conversión baja en comparación con lo expuesto por la literatura. Sexo masculino, edad extrema y presencia de complicaciones son posiblemente de mayor riesgo. Creemos relevante realizar más estudios, ahondando en la evolución postoperatoria.
OBJETIVE: Establish conversion rates of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and its distribution by age, sex, and comorbidities. Materials and Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study. We selected patients over 50 years old, who needed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Rates of conversion were determined. Finally, the proportions according to sex, associated pathologies and urgency of the surgery were determined. Results: From 175 cholecystectomies, 17 (9,1%) needed conversion. It was also determined that higher age relates to higher conversion rate. Female patients had lower conversion rate than males. Discussion: The results obtained, show low conversion rates comparing with those featured in literature. Males, extreme ages and presence of complications are possibly at greater risk. We believe it's important to perform more studies involving postoperative evolution
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Conversão para Cirurgia Aberta/estatística & dados numéricos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Laparoscopia , HospitaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Children with choledocholithiasis are frequently managed at tertiary children's hospitals that do not have available endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) proceduralists. We hypothesized that patients treated at hospitals without ERCP proceduralists would have a longer hospital length of stay (LOS) than those with ERCP proceduralists. METHODS: Charts were reviewed for patients who underwent cholecystectomy and ERCP at 3 tertiary children's hospitals over 10 years. Trauma and complicated pancreatitis patients were excluded. Comparisons between patients requiring and not requiring transfer for ERCP were made using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous variables and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-four children underwent ERCP for suspected choledocholithiasis: 79 (48%) in the transfer group and 85 (52%) in the no transfer group.Median LOS was longer for patients requiring transfer (7 vs 5 days, Pâ<â0.0001). One-third (34%) of the transfer patients had magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography compared to only 7% that did not require transfer (Pâ<â0.0001). Among the 123 patients who underwent ERCP before cholecystectomy, 53% required (66/123) transfer and 47% (57/123) did not. Transfer group patients had longer median hospital LOS (Pâ<â0.0001), more days between admission and ERCP (Pâ<â0.0001), and more days between ERCP and surgery (Pâ=â0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Overall median LOS was significantly shorter for patients who underwent ERCP at the admitting facility. Patients who underwent ERCP before cholecystectomy at hospitals without available ERCP proceduralists incurred longer LOS. There is a need for more pediatric proceduralists appropriately trained to perform ERCP in children.
Assuntos
Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/estatística & dados numéricos , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Coledocolitíase/cirurgia , Hospitais Pediátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Transferência de Pacientes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Criança , Colecistectomia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Weight loss following bariatric surgery increases risk for biliary stones. This study performed a meta-analysis evaluating cholecystectomy risks in bariatric patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. We evaluated the incidence rate for biliary complications in patients followed after bariatric surgery. We compared the risks for mortality, complications, and in hospital stay among patient submitted to cholecystectomy before, concomitantly with or after bariatric surgery, as well as patients submitted to bariatric surgery and cholecystectomy, and patients submitted only to bariatric surgery in order to evaluate when to perform cholecystectomy in morbidly obese patients. The incidence rate of biliary complications was 5.54 cases/1000 patient year. The addition of cholecystectomy to bariatric surgery resulted in an increased risk for complications (RD = 0.02). The risk for complications (RD = - 0.09) and reoperation (RD = - 0.02) was lower when performed concomitantly with bariatric surgery compared to post-bariatric procedure. Prophylactic cholecystectomy may be avoided. Patients submitted to bariatric surgery have low incidence rate of biliary complications, and concomitant cholecystectomy increases the risk for postoperative complications and operative time. If cholecystectomy is not indicated, patients should be carefully followed with attention for biliary complications, once cholecystectomy performed post-bariatric surgery is at higher risk for complications and reoperations.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Cálculos Biliares , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Adulto , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Colecistectomia/métodos , Feminino , Cálculos Biliares/epidemiologia , Cálculos Biliares/etiologia , Cálculos Biliares/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/complicações , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Reoperação/efeitos adversos , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Redução de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: En el último siglo, con los avances en los procedimientos diagnósticos, los trastornos hemáticos han aumentado drásticamente en la población pediátrica. Paralelamente a este aumento, también se han popularizado las esplenectomías con diversas técnicas y resultados quirúrgicos. La esplenectomía laparoscópica (EL) en la población pediátrica está en general aceptada como un procedimiento técnicamente complejo que requiere de experiencia. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar los resultados del seguimiento a largo plazo de una serie de casos de niños sometidos a una EL por diversos trastornos hemáticos, evaluar las complicaciones posibles y los resultados. Población y métodos: Se consideró para este estudio a todos los pacientes ingresados al hospital que tenían programada una EL entre 2005 y 2016. Se agruparon los parámetros del estudio en cuatro categorías: datos sociodemográficos, evaluación prequirúrgica, seguimiento clínico y complicaciones. Resultados: Los pacientes eran 24 varones (48, 9%) y 25 mujeres (51, 1%). La mediana de edad y peso corporal del grupo del estudio era 12 años y 35 kg, respectivamente. Las indicaciones más frecuentes de EL fueron talasemia (13; 26, 5%) y esferocitosis hereditaria (12; 24, 4%). Desde la perspectiva técnica, a dos pacientes (4%) se les realizó una EL con puerto único. La media de duración de la EL fue de 80 minutos. La tasa total de complicaciones intraoperatorias fue del 4% (2/57). La media de duración de la hospitalización fue de 5 días. La media de duración del seguimiento fue de 6, 4 años (intervalo: de 6 meses a 16 años). No se observaron complicaciones a largo plazo. La concentración de bilirrubina y la necesidad de transfusiones de sangre disminuyeron significativamente durante el seguimiento a largo plazo (p < 0, 05). Conclusiones: La EL es una herramienta poderosa en las manos de cirujanos experimentados. Es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz en los niños con trastornos hemáticos, con una hospitalización más breve y una tasa menor de complicaciones.
Introduction: In the last century, with the advancement of the diagnostic procedures, hematologic disorders in pediatric age group have been increased dramatically. In parallel with this increase, splenectomy procedures have also been popularized with different techniques and surgical outcomes. Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in the pediatric age group is generally accepted as a technically demanding procedure, which needs experience. The purpose of this study is to present the long-term follow-up results of a case series of children who underwent LS for a variety of hematologic disorders, evaluate possible complications and outcomes. Population and methods: All patients who were admitted to the clinic and who were scheduled for LS from 2005 to 2016 were considered for this study. The study parameters were grouped in four categories including socio-demographic data, preoperative evaluation, clinical follow-up and complications. Results: There were 24 male (48.9%) and 25 (51.1%) female patients. The median age and body weight for the study group was 12 years and 35 kg. Most common indications for LS were thalassemia (13; 26.5%) and hereditary spherocytosis (12; 24.4%). As a technical standpoint, 2 patients (4%) underwent singleport LS surgery. The mean time for LS surgeries was found as 80 minutes. The total intraoperative complication rate was 4% (2/57). The mean time for hospital stay was 5 days. Mean follow-up period was 6.4 years (range: 6 months-16 years). There was no long-term complication. Bilirubin levels and need for blood transfusion significantly decreased in the long term follow-up period (p <0.05). Conclusions: LS is a powerful tool in the hands of an experienced surgeon. It's a safe and effective procedure in children with hematologic disorders resulting in shorter length of stay and lower complication rates.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Esplenectomia/métodos , Laparoscopia , Peso Corporal , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Seguimentos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In the last century, with the advancement of the diagnostic procedures, hematologic disorders in pediatric age group have been increased dramatically. In parallel with this increase, splenectomy procedures have also been popularized with different techniques and surgical outcomes. Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in the pediatric age group is generally accepted as a technically demanding procedure, which needs experience. The purpose of this study is to present the long-term follow-up results of a case series of children who underwent LS for a variety of hematologic disorders, evaluate possible complications and outcomes. POPULATION AND METHODS: All patients who were admitted to the clinic and who were scheduled for LS from 2005 to 2016 were considered for this study. The study parameters were grouped in four categories including socio-demographic data, preoperative evaluation, clinical follow-up and complications. RESULTS: There were 24 male (48.9%) and 25 (51.1%) female patients. The median age and body weight for the study group was 12 years and 35 kg. Most common indications for LS were thalassemia (13; 26.5%) and hereditary spherocytosis (12; 24.4%). As a technical standpoint, 2 patients (4%) underwent singleport LS surgery. The mean time for LS surgeries was found as 80 minutes. The total intraoperative complication rate was 4% (2/57). The mean time for hospital stay was 5 days. Mean follow-up period was 6.4 years (range: 6 months-16 years). There was no long-term complication. Bilirubin levels and need for blood transfusion significantly decreased in the long term follow-up period (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LS is a powerful tool in the hands of an experienced surgeon. It's a safe and effective procedure in children with hematologic disorders resulting in shorter length of stay and lower complication rates.
INTRODUCCIÓN: En el último siglo, con los avances en los procedimientos diagnósticos, los trastornos hemáticos han aumentado drásticamente en la población pediátrica. Paralelamente a este aumento, también se han popularizado las esplenectomías con diversas técnicas y resultados quirúrgicos. La esplenectomía laparoscópica (EL) en la población pediátrica está en general aceptada como un procedimiento técnicamente complejo que requiere de experiencia. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar los resultados del seguimiento a largo plazo de una serie de casos de niños sometidos a una EL por diversos trastornos hemáticos, evaluar las complicaciones posibles y los resultados. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODOS: Se consideró para este estudio a todos los pacientes ingresados al hospital que tenían programada una EL entre 2005 y 2016. Se agruparon los parámetros del estudio en cuatro categorías: datos sociodemográficos, evaluación prequirúrgica, seguimiento clínico y complicaciones. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes eran 24 varones (48,9%) y 25 mujeres (51,1%). La mediana de edad y peso corporal del grupo del estudio era 12 años y 35 kg, respectivamente. Las indicaciones más frecuentes de EL fueron talasemia (13; 26,5%) y esferocitosis hereditaria (12; 24,4%). Desde la perspectiva técnica, a dos pacientes (4%) se les realizó una EL con puerto único. La media de duración de la EL fue de 80 minutos. La tasa total de complicaciones intraoperatorias fue del 4% (2/57). La media de duración de la hospitalización fue de 5 días. La media de duración del seguimiento fue de 6,4 años (intervalo: de 6 meses a 16 años). No se observaron complicaciones a largo plazo. La concentración de bilirrubina y la necesidad de transfusiones de sangre disminuyeron significativamente durante el seguimiento a largo plazo (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: La EL es una herramienta poderosa en las manos de cirujanos experimentados. Es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz en los niños con trastornos hemáticos, con una hospitalización más breve y una tasa menor de complicaciones.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Esplenectomia/métodos , Adolescente , Peso Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objetivo: Analizar datos relacionados con el programa «Colecistectomía como prevención del cáncer de vesícula biliar¼. Método: Se analizan los resultados obtenidos de la página web del DEIS del Ministerio de Salud chileno. Resultados: El año 2006, fecha de inicio del programa, fueron egresados 42.780 pacientes entre 20 y 64 años con diagnósticos correspondientes a los códigos CIE-10, K80-K83. El año 2012, el número de egresos fue de 58.818, lo que significó que desde el año 2006 fueron egresados 39.419 pacientes más que si se hubiesen mantenido los números del año 2006. Por otra parte, desde antes de la puesta en práctica del programa, se aprecia una disminución de la mortalidad ajustada por edad del cáncer de vesícula. Conclusión: Aunque desde la puesta en marcha del programa de prevención del cáncer de vesícula se observa un aumento en el número de casos intervenidos, especialmente durante los años 2011 y 2012, la caída de la tasa de mortalidad parece deberse a factores diferentes al aumento de las colecistectomías.
Goal: To evaluate published data related to the program Cholecystectomy as prevention of Gallbladder Cancer. Method: Analysis of the results obtained from the DEIS web page (Ministry of Health of Chile). Results: Since 2006, The Chile Ministry of Health began a program to reduce the number of gallbladder cancer cases in Chile. To accomplish the above, Chile Government has guarantied the execution of a cholecystectomy program under parameters of quality, opportunity and financial support between the ages of 35 and 49 years old. During 2006, 42,780 patients corresponding to the ICD 10 codes, K80-K83 between 20 and 64 years old were discharged from Chilean Hospitals. In 2012, six years after the beginning of the program, 58,818 were discharged. The program would make done possible to discharge approximately 39,419 extra patients. On the other hand, during the last ten years, a decrease in the mortality rate of gallbladder cancer has been observed in Chile. Conclusion: Although since the beginning of the program an increase in the number of patients discharged is observed, the decrease in the gallbladder cancer mortality seems not to have relation with the program.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/prevenção & controle , Distribuição por Idade , Chile/epidemiologia , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for weight loss in patients with morbid obesity. One of the most common long-term complications includes cholelithiasis. There is not a clear consensus in how to treat an asymptomatic gallbladder disease before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Prospective study with every patient submitted to bariatric surgery from 2012 to 2014. The gallbladder status was assessed with an ultrasound before and after surgery (12 months), and a conservative management was conducted for patients with asymptomatic disease (preoperative and de novo); the need for delayed cholecystectomy was reported. Secondarily, an analysis of weight loss (%EWL) and gallbladder status was performed. RESULTS: Two-hundred and two bariatric surgeries were performed. The global incidence of preoperative gallbladder disease was 34.3 %, with 14.2 % presenting sludge, 20.1 % asymptomatic gallstones, and 2.3 % symptomatic gallstones. The final analysis was based on 146 patients; female sex comprised 81.1 % of cases with a mean age of 38.5 years. After 12 months, de novo gallbladder disease was observed in 21.2 %. The overall rate of cholecystectomy because of symptomatic disease after 12 months was 3.4 % (2 % developed acute cholecystitis). There were no differences in %EWL between patients with de novo gallbladder disease and those without. CONCLUSION: Conservative management of asymptomatic gallbladder disease in candidates to bariatric surgery is safe and can be offered in every case, based on the low percentage of patients requiring further cholecystectomy after 12 months. Also, a conservative management can be offered to patients developing de novo sludge/cholelithiasis without related symptoms.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Tratamento Conservador/métodos , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/etiologia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/terapia , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Adulto , Doenças Assintomáticas , Cirurgia Bariátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Colecistectomia/métodos , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Tratamento Conservador/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologia , Cálculos Biliares/epidemiologia , Cálculos Biliares/etiologia , Cálculos Biliares/terapia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Período Pós-Operatório , Período Pré-Operatório , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cholelithiasis (CL) represents a major health burden in Chile, with rates of cholecystectomy (CCT) of ~40.000 per year. The explicit health care guaranties (GES) program includes prioritized CCT for CL carriers between 35 and 49 years of age. AIM: To assess the access and opportunity of CCT in a screening program of CL in Family Medicine Centers, according to the age of the patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic ultrasound screening program of CL was developed in Family Medicine Centers ANCORA-UC between March 2009 and March 2013 during which 1.450 individuals were assessed, (80% women) and 281 were identified as having CL (19.4%). After a minimum follow up interval of six months, patients with CL were contacted and surveyed by phone. They were categorized as being beneficiaries of the GES program (those aged between 35 to 49 years) or not (those aged < 35 o > 49 years). RESULTS: Two hundred thirteen patients were contacted (76%), 81 beneficiaries of the program and 132 non-beneficiaries. The attending physician indicated CCT to 191 patients (89.6%). During a mean follow-up time of 641 days/person, 100 patients had CCT, 11% of which were emergency interventions due to complications. A greater proportion of program beneficiaries than non-beneficiaries had an elective CCT (74 and 21% respectively). The waiting interval for elective CCT was longer in non-beneficiaries compared with beneficiaries (340 ± 247 and 229 ± 201 days respectively). Only 46% of the elective CCT in GES patients were done within deadlines determined by the program (≤ 150 days). CONCLUSIONS: The age of patients at the moment of CL diagnosis conditions the access and opportunity to CCT. Beneficiaries of the explicit health care guaranties program have higher rates of cholecystectomy with less waiting time.
Assuntos
Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Chile , Colelitíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Listas de EsperaRESUMO
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There are few data in the literature on the frequency of cholecystectomy in Brazil. The frequency of cholecystectomy and associated risk factors were evaluated in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study using baseline data on 5061 participants in São Paulo. METHODS: The frequency of cholecystectomy and associated risk factors were evaluated over the first two years of follow-up of the study and over the course of life. A multivariate regression analysis was presented: odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: A total of 4716 individuals (93.2%) with information about cholecystectomy were included. After two years of follow-up, 56 had undergone surgery (1.2%: 1.7% of the women; 0.6% of the men). A total of 188 participants underwent cholecystectomy during their lifetime. The risk factors associated with surgery after the two-year follow-up period were female sex (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.53-5.32), indigenous ethnicity (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 2.28-15.85) and body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19 per 1 kg/m2 increase). The risk factors associated over the lifetime were age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05 per one year increase), diabetes (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.34-2.76) and previous bariatric surgery (OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.53-18.82). No association was found with parity or fertile age. CONCLUSION: Female sex and high BMI remained as associated risk factors while parity and fertile age lost significance. New factors such as bariatric surgery and indigenous ethnicity have gained importance in this country.
Assuntos
Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
ABSTRACT: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There are few data in the literature on the frequency of cholecystectomy in Brazil. The frequency of cholecystectomy and associated risk factors were evaluated in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study using baseline data on 5061 participants in São Paulo. METHODS: The frequency of cholecystectomy and associated risk factors were evaluated over the first two years of follow-up of the study and over the course of life. A multivariate regression analysis was presented: odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: A total of 4716 individuals (93.2%) with information about cholecystectomy were included. After two years of follow-up, 56 had undergone surgery (1.2%: 1.7% of the women; 0.6% of the men). A total of 188 participants underwent cholecystectomy during their lifetime. The risk factors associated with surgery after the two-year follow-up period were female sex (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.53-5.32), indigenous ethnicity (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 2.28-15.85) and body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19 per 1 kg/m2 increase). The risk factors associated over the lifetime were age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05 per one year increase), diabetes (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.34-2.76) and previous bariatric surgery (OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.53-18.82). No association was found with parity or fertile age. CONCLUSION: Female sex and high BMI remained as associated risk factors while parity and fertile age lost significance. New factors such as bariatric surgery and indigenous ethnicity have gained importance in this country.
RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Há escassez de dados na literatura sobre a frequência de colecistectomia no Brasil. Avaliou-se a frequência de colecistectomia e os fatores de risco associados no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). DESENHO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal com dados da linha de base de 5061 participantes em São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Avaliou-se a frequência de colecistectomia e fatores de risco associados nos dois primeiros anos de seguimento do estudo e ao longo da vida. Apresentou-se regressão logística [razão de chances (RC); intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%)] multivariada. RESULTADOS: Um total de 4716 (93,2%) indivíduos com informação sobre colecistectomia foi incluído. Após 2 anos de seguimento, 56 participantes tinham sido operados (1,2%: 1,7% nas mulheres; 0,6% nos homens), totalizando 188 participantes com colecistectomia durante a vida. Os fatores de risco associados à cirurgia após dois dois anos de seguimento foram sexo feminino (RC, 2,85; IC 95%, 1,53-5,32), etnia indígena (RC, 2,1; IC 95%, 2,28-15,85) e índice de massa corpórea, IMC (RC, 1,10; IC 95%, 1,01-1,19 por aumento de 1 kg/m2); e, ao longo da vida: idade (RC, 1,03; IC 95%, 1,02-1,05 por um ano de aumento), diabetes (RC, 2,10; IC 95%, 1,34-2,76) e cirurgia bariátrica prévia (RC, 5.37; IC 95%, 1,53-18,82). Não se observou associação com paridade ou idade fértil. CONCLUSÃO: Sexo feminino e IMC elevado permanecem sendo fatores de risco associados à colecistectomia, mas paridade e idade fértil perderam significância. Novos fatores de risco, como cirurgia bariátrica prévia e etnia indígena, ganharam relevância no país.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background: Cholelithiasis (CL) represents a major health burden in Chile, with rates of cholecystectomy (CCT) of ~40.000 per year. The explicit health care guaranties (GES) program includes prioritized CCT for CL carriers between 35 and 49 years of age. Aim: To assess the access and opportunity of CCT in a screening program of CL in Family Medicine Centers, according to the age of the patients. Material and Methods: A systematic ultrasound screening program of CL was developed in Family Medicine Centers ANCORA-UC between March 2009 and March 2013 during which 1.450 individuals were assessed, (80% women) and 281 were identified as having CL (19.4%). After a minimum follow up interval of six months, patients with CL were contacted and surveyed by phone. They were categorized as being beneficiaries of the GES program (those aged between 35 to 49 years) or not (those aged < 35 o > 49 years). Results: Two hundred thirteen patients were contacted (76%), 81 beneficiaries of the program and 132 non-beneficiaries. The attending physician indicated CCT to 191 patients (89.6%). During a mean follow-up time of 641 days/person, 100 patients had CCT, 11% of which were emergency interventions due to complications. A greater proportion of program beneficiaries than non-beneficiaries had an elective CCT (74 and 21% respectively). The waiting interval for elective CCT was longer in non-beneficiaries compared with beneficiaries (340 ± 247 and 229 ± 201 days respectively). Only 46% of the elective CCT in GES patients were done within deadlines determined by the program (≤ 150 days). Conclusions: The age of patients at the moment of CL diagnosis conditions the access and opportunity to CCT. Beneficiaries of the explicit health care guaranties program have higher rates of cholecystectomy with less waiting time.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Tempo , Colelitíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Chile , Fatores Sexuais , Seguimentos , Listas de Espera , Fatores Etários , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Chile, gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the most important causes of death and gallstone disease (GSD) is its main risk factor. Abdominal ultrasonography (AU) is used for the diagnosis of GSD and cholecystectomy is used to prevent it. AIM: To estimate GSD prevalence in the general population and to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic coverage of GSD as a preventive strategy for GBC in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A standardized digestive symptoms questionnaire of the 2009-2010 Chilean National Health Survey was answered by 5412 adults over 15 years old. Self-reports of AU, GBD and cholecystectomies were recorded. RESULTS: The prevalence of biliary-type pain was 7.1%. During the last five years, the prevalence of AU was 16%. GSD was reported in 20% of these tests and 84% of them were asymptomatic. The prevalence of AU was significantly lower in Araucanía region and among people with less than 12 years of education. Life cholecystectomy prevalence was 11% and reached 40% in people aged over 60 years. Women accounted for 75% of total cholecystectomies. Twenty-one percent of individuals who referred biliary-type pain, were studied with an AU. Only 60% of people with GSD confirmed by AU underwent a cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: GSD affects at least 27% of the Chilean adult population. Important deficits and inequities in GSD diagnostic and therapeutic coverage were identified.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Dor Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Adulto , Chile/epidemiologia , Colecistectomia/métodos , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Colecistolitíase/diagnóstico , Colecistolitíase/epidemiologia , Escolaridade , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevenção Secundária , Distribuição por Sexo , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ultrassonografia , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Background: There is paucity of information about the number of gastrointestinal surgical interventions in Chile. Aim: To report the number of gastrointestinal operations carried out in Chile during 2011. Material and Methods: Review of databases from the Department of Statistics and Health care information of the Ministry of Health. The two most common gastrointestinal surgical interventions and four highly complex interventions were selected. Results: The most common gastrointestinal intervention was cholecystectomy in 52.000 cases, followed by appendectomy in 37.000 cases. A gastrectomy for gastric cancer was performed in 1.032 cases, performing a total gastrectomy in 74 percent and with a 2.9 percent mortality. Esophagectomy was carried out in 42 patients with an overall mortality of 9.5 percent. A pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer was performed in 102 patients (pancreatoduodenectomy in 68 percent), with an overall mortality of 5.9 percent. Bariatric surgery was performed in 2.834 cases (vertical gastrectomy in 70 percent and gastric bypass in 30 percent). Conclusions: Cholecystectomy was by far the most common surgical procedure performed. Esophagectomy and pancreatectomy were associated with a high mortality rate. Gastrectomy for gastric cancer had a low postoperative mortality.
Introducción: No hay datos oficiales sobre el número total de intervenciones quirúrgicas referentes a patología gastrointestinal alta. Objetivo: Conocer algunos datos estadísticos al respecto. Material y Método: Se obtuvo del Departamento de Estadísticas e Informaciones de Salud del Ministerio de Salud el total de intervenciones realizadas el año 2011 en Chile, seleccionando las 2 operaciones más frecuentes y 4 operaciones de alta complejidad definidas por la patología de base, la complejidad del acto quirúrgico y la mortalidad operatoria. Resultados: Después de la cesárea, la colecistectomía es la operación más frecuente (52.000 pacientes) seguida de la apendicectomía (37.000 pacientes). La gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico se realizó en 1.032 pacientes con una mortalidad operatoria global de 2,9 por ciento. La gastrectomía total se efectuó en 74 por ciento de los casos. La esofaguectomía se realizó en 42 pacientes con mortalidad global de 9,5 por ciento. La pancreatectomía por cáncer de páncreas se efectuó en 102 pacientes con una mortalidad global de 5,9 por ciento, siendo la pancreatoduodenectomía la intervención más frecuente (68 por ciento). La cirugía bariátrica comprende 2 operaciones con un total de 2.834 casos, con una proporción de 70 por ciento para la gastrectomía vertical y un 30 por ciento para el bypass gástrico. Conclusiones: La colecistectomía es la intervención quirúrgica no obstétrica más frecuente. La esofaguectomía y la pancreatectomía, se realizan en un bajo número de pacientes, siendo la mortalidad operatoria de ambos procedimientos alta. La gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico tiene una baja mortalidad operatoria. Se reporta por primera vez una cifra oficial referente al número de cirugías bariátricas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Gastrectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Pancreatectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cholecystolithiasis (CL) is a common occurrence after bariatric surgery. Few studies have prospectively analyzed not only gallstone formation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), but also its complications and symptoms. This study aimed to identify the incidence of CL itself and symptomatic CL after RYGBP as well as the presence of predictive factors for CL. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed on 40 morbidly obese patients free of gallbladder disease undergoing RYGBP at a public hospital in Brazil between February and October 2007. They were followed up clinically, biochemically (lipid profile), and ultrasonographically at 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery. Postoperative prophylactic bile salt therapy (ursodiol) was not prescribed. Of the 40 patients, 38 completed the 3-year follow-up. They were divided into two groups: those who formed gallstones and those who did not. These groups were compared with respect to gender, age, preoperative body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile results, and postoperative percentage of excess BMI lost (%EBL) and lipid profile results. RESULTS: The overall postoperative incidence of CL was 28.9 % (11 out of 38), with a 15.7 % incidence of symptomatic CL (6 out of 38). Gender, age, preoperative BMI, postoperative %EBL, and preoperative and postoperative lipid profile results were not identified as predictive factors for CL after RYGBP. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high incidence of CL after RYGBP, occurring primarily in the first 2 years postoperatively. There was no identified predictive factor for gallstone formation after RYGBP. Most patients who formed gallstones were symptomatic, some with potentially severe complications.
Assuntos
Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Colecistolitíase/epidemiologia , Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Colecistolitíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Colecistolitíase/etiologia , Colecistolitíase/cirurgia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Seguimentos , Derivação Gástrica/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Incidência , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/diagnóstico por imagem , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of gallbladder disease, but conversion to open cholecystectomy is still inevitable in certain cases. Knowledge of the rate and impact of the underlying reasons for conversion could help surgeons during preoperative assessment and improve the informed consent of patients. We decided to review the rate and causes of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. METHOD: This study included all laparoscopic cholecystectomies due to gallstone disease undertaken from May 1999 to June 2010. The exclusion criteria were malignancy and/or existence of gallbladder polyps detected pathologically. Patient demographics, indications for cholecystectomy, concomitant diseases, and histories of previous abdominal surgery were collected. The rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy, the underlying reasons for conversion, and postoperative complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of 5382 patients for whom LC was attempted, 5164 were included this study. The overall rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was 3.16% (163 patients). There were 84 male and 79 female patients; the mean age was 52.04 years (range: 26-85). The conversion rates in male and female patients were 5.6% and 2.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). The most common reasons for conversion were severe adhesions caused by tissue inflammation (97 patients) and fibrosis of Calot's triangle (12 patients). The overall postoperative morbidity rate was found to be 16.3% in patients who were converted to open surgery. CONCLUSION: Male gender was found to be the only statistically significant risk factor for conversion in our series. LC can be safely performed with a conversion rate of less than 5% in all patient groups.
Assuntos
Colecistectomia/métodos , Colecistite Aguda/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/estatística & dados numéricos , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIMS: Conversions to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are performed in 20% of patients with acute cholecystitis, and are associated with increased morbidity and costs. The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for conversion and to evaluate morbidity, mortality and hospital stay. METHODS: A prospective cohort of patients admitted to the emergency department with acute cholecystitis. We evaluated the statistical significance of the demographic, clinical, biochemical, imaging and surgical factors at admission, associated with conversion to open surgery using a univariate model. The associated factors evaluated during initial analysis were then included in a multivariate analysis. Finally a comparative analysis was made of the morbidity and mortality in both models. RESULTS: A total of 703 patients were included. Conversion rate was 13.8%. Univariate analysis identified as factors: male gender, previous ERCP, leucocytes>12,000 mm(3), age>70 years, hypertension, jaundice, cholangitis, total bilirubin>2mg/dl, ASA III-IV, gallbladder wall enlargement and choledocholithiasis. Logistic regression identified as predictive factors: previous ERCP, leucocytes, age>70 years and male gender. Converted patients had a higher morbidity rate, further operations and longer hospital stays (P<.001). No difference was seen in mortality. DISCUSSION: It is important to recognise patients with a higher risk of conversion in order to optimise planning and performing of the surgical procedure, and to decrease the morbidity associated with laparotomy, given that the independent factors identified are not modifiable.
Assuntos
Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/estatística & dados numéricos , Colecistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Colecistite Aguda/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Colecistectomia/métodos , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of gallbladder disease, but conversion to open cholecystectomy is still inevitable in certain cases. Knowledge of the rate and impact of the underlying reasons for conversion could help surgeons during preoperative assessment and improve the informed consent of patients. We decided to review the rate and causes of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. METHOD: This study included all laparoscopic cholecystectomies due to gallstone disease undertaken from May 1999 to June 2010. The exclusion criteria were malignancy and/or existence of gallbladder polyps detected pathologically. Patient demographics, indications for cholecystectomy, concomitant diseases, and histories of previous abdominal surgery were collected. The rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy, the underlying reasons for conversion, and postoperative complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of 5382 patients for whom LC was attempted, 5164 were included this study. The overall rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was 3.16 percent (163 patients). There were 84 male and 79 female patients; the mean age was 52.04 years (range: 26-85). The conversion rates in male and female patients were 5.6 percent and 2.2 percent, respectively (p<0.001). The most common reasons for conversion were severe adhesions caused by tissue inflammation (97 patients) and fibrosis of Calot's triangle (12 patients). The overall postoperative morbidity rate was found to be 16.3 percent in patients who were converted to open surgery. CONCLUSION: Male gender was found to be the only statistically significant risk factor for conversion in our series. LC can be safely performed with a conversion rate of less than 5 percent in all patient groups.