RESUMO
The red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Tenuipalpidae), has mainly been registered on palm species (Arecaceae), and its expansion in Brazil has the potential to cause significant negative impact on cultivated as well as native palms. Here, we evaluate the potential of native palms from Northeast Brazil to act as hosts of R. indica. Specifically, we used in situ free-choice and confinement tests, in which sections of palm leaves/leaflets of various species were experimentally infested with R. indica. We tested the following species: Acrocomia aculeata, Acrocomia intumescens, Allagoptera caudescens, Attalea funifera, Attalea oleifera, Bactris acanthocarpa var. acanthocarpa, Bactris ferruginea, Bactris glassmanii, Bactris hirta var. spruceana, Bactris pickelii, Copernicia prunifera, Desmoncus orthacanthos, Desmoncus polyacanthos, Syagrus coronata and Syagrus schizophylla. All of these were compared with the mite's preferred host, the coconut palm, Cocos nucifera. In the free-choice test, both male and female R. indica preferred C. nucifera in comparison to each of the native palms. In the confinement test, we observed significant differences in the survivorship between mites on native palms and those on coconut palms after the second day of infestation. By the fifth day, survivorship of mites on the native palms was almost always significantly lower than on C. nucifera (excepting for C. prunifera). We conclude that, among all the native palms evaluated, only the carnauba palm (C. prunifera) is at risk from R. indica. This result is relevant as this palm is an economically important species in the region.
Assuntos
Cocos/parasitologia , Ácaros/patogenicidade , Doenças das Plantas/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Cocos/classificação , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
Coconuts (Cocos nucifera L.) are tropical palm trees that are classified into Tall and Dwarf types based on height, and both types are diploid (2n = 2x = 32 chromosomes). The reproduction mode is autogamous for Dwarf types and allogamous for Tall types. One hypothesis for the origin of the Dwarf coconut suggests that it is a Tall variant that resulted from either mutation or inbreeding, and differences in genome size between the two types would support this hypothesis. In this study, we estimated the genome sizes of 14 coconut accessions (eight Tall and six Dwarf types) using flow cytometry. Nuclei were extracted from leaf discs and stained with propidium iodide, and Pisum sativum (2C = 9.07 pg DNA) was used as an internal standard. Histograms with good resolution and low coefficients of variation (2.5 to 3.2%) were obtained. The 2C DNA content ranged from 5.72 to 5.48 pg for Tall accessions and from 5.58 to 5.52 pg for Dwarf accessions. The mean genome sizes for Tall and Dwarf specimens were 5.59 and 5.55 pg, respectively. Among all accessions, Rennel Island Tall had the highest mean DNA content (5.72 pg), whereas West African Tall had the lowest (5.48 pg). The mean coconut genome size (2C = 5.57 pg, corresponding to 2723.73 Mbp/haploid set) was classified as small. Only small differences in genome size existed among the coconut accessions, suggesting that the Dwarf type did not evolve from the Tall type.
Assuntos
Cocos/genética , DNA de Plantas/genética , Tamanho do Genoma , Genoma de Planta , Cocos/classificação , DNA de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Citometria de Fluxo , Pisum sativum/genética , Folhas de Planta/genética , Ploidias , ReproduçãoRESUMO
A biotecnologia animal, de aplicação mais importante, inclui a coleta de sêmen, para a avaliação, preservação e para a inseminação artificial (IA). A IA é aplicada em aves e têm sido amplamente revisada. Os pioneiros na biotecnologia de reprodução avícola desenvolveram o método de massagem abdominal, para coletar sêmen de galos. A conservação da variabilidade genética é um desafio para a produção sustentável de recursos alimentares e para a preservação da biodiversidade. A necessidade para preservação de sêmen avícola terá como foco, o progresso em prognósticos satisfatórios para sêmen congelado; criação de métodos padronizados de congelamento de sêmen de outras espécies diferentes de galos; incremento de criobancos de sêmen de aves; preservação de espécies raras; manutenção de aceitável variabilidade genética selecionada de linhas puras; disponibilidade a longo prazo de potencial genético de animais excepcionais e; suporte financeiro para pesquisa.
The animal biotechnology, the most important application, including the collection of semen for the evaluation, preservation and artificial insemination (AI). The AI is applied in birds and have been widely reviewed. The pioneers in biotechnology poultry breeding have developed the method of abdominal massage, to collect semen from roosters. The conservation of genetic variability is a challenge for the sustainable production of food resources and the preservation of biodiversity. The need for preservation of semen will focus on poultry, progress satisfactory predictions for frozen semen, the creation of standardized methods for freezing sperm of other species of roosters; criobancos increase in semen of birds, and conservation of rare species, maintenance of acceptable genetic variability in selected inbred lines; long-term availability of genetic potential and exceptional animal; financial support for research.
Assuntos
Animais , Cocos/classificação , Espermatozoides/citologia , Sêmen , Água , Aves/classificação , Inseminação Artificial/veterináriaRESUMO
A biotecnologia animal, de aplicação mais importante, inclui a coleta de sêmen, para a avaliação, preservação e para a inseminação artificial (IA). A IA é aplicada em aves e têm sido amplamente revisada. Os pioneiros na biotecnologia de reprodução avícola desenvolveram o método de massagem abdominal, para coletar sêmen de galos. A conservação da variabilidade genética é um desafio para a produção sustentável de recursos alimentares e para a preservação da biodiversidade. A necessidade para preservação de sêmen avícola terá como foco, o progresso em prognósticos satisfatórios para sêmen congelado; criação de métodos padronizados de congelamento de sêmen de outras espécies diferentes de galos; incremento de criobancos de sêmen de aves; preservação de espécies raras; manutenção de aceitável variabilidade genética selecionada de linhas puras; disponibilidade a longo prazo de potencial genético de animais excepcionais e; suporte financeiro para pesquisa.(AU)
The animal biotechnology, the most important application, including the collection of semen for the evaluation, preservation and artificial insemination (AI). The AI is applied in birds and have been widely reviewed. The pioneers in biotechnology poultry breeding have developed the method of abdominal massage, to collect semen from roosters. The conservation of genetic variability is a challenge for the sustainable production of food resources and the preservation of biodiversity. The need for preservation of semen will focus on poultry, progress satisfactory predictions for frozen semen, the creation of standardized methods for freezing sperm of other species of roosters; criobancos increase in semen of birds, and conservation of rare species, maintenance of acceptable genetic variability in selected inbred lines; long-term availability of genetic potential and exceptional animal; financial support for research.(AU)