RESUMO
El presente libro, mediante la participación de los lectores, pretende rescatar los valores culturales, reutilizar en parte la tecnología Incásica, referente a alta ingeniería, medicina alópata y hemeópata y al mismo tiempo innovar tecnologías acorde a la era nuclear, para agroindustrializar al país, utilizando industrialmente parte de la Coca excedentaria a fines de beneficio destinados a la alimentación y salud de nuestro pueblo, la mayor parte de las frutas, cereales y plantas medicinales; cuyos productos finales son potencialmente exportables, debido al alto contenido de nitrógenos, no proteínico en forma de vitaminas, aminoácidos, ácido orgánicos y alcaloides naturales
Assuntos
Coca/análise , Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
Several samples of Colombian and a sample of Peruvian coca paste were subjected to chemical analysis to ascertain the complexity of these products. A neutral and acid fraction and a basic fraction were analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The basic fraction was also analyzed as its trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative. Several gasoline residue components were identified in the neutral fraction. In addition to cocaine (greater than 60% in all cases), other alkaloids were identified. Lead and manganese analyses were carried out on these samples. While all the samples contained no lead (less than 45 ppm), most of the Colombian samples contained significant amounts of manganese (greater than 5%). Preliminary smoking experiments with a Colombian coca paste sample indicated that it behaves more like free cocaine than like a cocaine sulfate salt.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/análise , Coca/análise , Cocaína/análise , Plantas Medicinais , Fumar , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa , Colômbia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Chumbo/análise , Manganês/análise , Pomadas , Peru , Plantas Tóxicas , NicotianaRESUMO
Coca paste is an intermediary product in the chemical extraction of cocaine from coca leaves. Abusers smoke coca paste in a dried form, which contains from 40 to 91 per cent cocaine. Over the past 10 years, this pattern of drug abuse has attained epidemic proportions in some Latin American countries, particularly in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. Addiction to coca paste develops in a few months and has serious health, social and economic consequences. The problem is particularly acute in Latin American countries because of the high doses of coca paste involved. The smoking of coca paste causes four distinct successive phases of mental disorder: euphoria, dysphoria, hallucinosis and paranoid psychosis. It can produce severe intoxication, prolonged or relapsing psychosis and, in some cases, death. Cocaine has been found in the blood of coca-leaf chewers, coca-paste smokers and users of cocaine hydrochloride. Excessive coca-paste smoking is often resistant to therapeutic interventions and there is a high rate of relapse after treatment and rehabilitation.
Assuntos
Coca , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Plantas Medicinais , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Bolívia , Criança , Coca/análise , Cocaína/administração & dosagem , Colômbia , Equador , Feminino , Saúde , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas/administração & dosagem , Drogas Ilícitas/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/induzido quimicamente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pomadas , Peru , Problemas Sociais , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/economia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , SíndromeRESUMO
Of the 4,196 samples of drugs seized and analysed at the Toxicology Laboratory of the National Bureau for the Control of Dangerous Substances during the period 1975-1982, 3,768 samples (89.8 per cent) contained coca paste, cocaine hydrochloride or related substances. Most of the samples analysed contained coca paste and came from La Paz, Santa Cruz and Cochabamba. With a slight exception in 1980, the number of samples increased steadily over an eight-year period. The increase in the number of seizures of cocaine-related substances was a result of the growth in the illicit production of these substances, which began to assume larger dimensions in 1976. In many areas, coca-paste and cocaine-related problems are growing out of all proportion. The smoking of cigarettes that contain a mixture of tobacco and coca paste, popularly known as pitillos, is the most common form of drug abuse.
Assuntos
Cocaína/análise , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes/métodos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Bolívia , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Coca/análise , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas/efeitos adversos , Drogas Ilícitas/análise , Laboratórios , Pomadas , Plantas Medicinais , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/etiologiaRESUMO
A method for the determination of cocaine content in coca leaves (Erythroxylum coca) has been developed. The procedure involves refluxing the powdered leaves in 95% ethanol for 15 minutes, followed by acid-base partitioning with chloroform and a GLC assay. The recovery of cocaine was quantitative. This procedure was applied to determine cocaine content in three samples of Erythroxylum coca Lam. collected from different geographic locations in Peru. Using androst-4-ene-3,17-dione as the internal standard the calibration curve was linear over a factor of 0.5 to 10 fold cocaine concentration relative to internal standard. The slope (b) was 0.733, the coefficient of determination (r2) was 1.00 and the average precision was 3.9%.