RESUMO
In this study, a simple method using microextraction by packed sorbent and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for simultaneous determination of chlorpropamide, gliclazide and glimepiride in human plasma was developed and validated. A fractional factorial design and a complete factorial design were applied to evaluate the parameters which could affect the extraction and desorption steps, respectively. All parameters in the extraction step (pH, sample volume, sample dilution and number of aspiration/ejection cycles) and in the desorption step (percentage of acetonitrile in the elution solvent and number of aspirations of elution solvent through the device) were statistically significant (p>0.05) when recovery was used as response. The developed method allowed the use of small volumes of sample and solvents and rapid separation by using a fused core column (only 2.2min were needed). This method was fully validated showing selectivity, precision, accuracy and linearity over the range 1.0-50.0µgmL(-1) for chlorpropamide, 1.0-10.0µgmL(-1) for gliclazide and 0.1-1.0µgmL(-1) for glimepiride. Finally, the validated method was applied in the analysis of samples from volunteers containing the three tested analytes.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Hipoglicemiantes/sangue , Microextração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Clorpropamida/sangue , Gliclazida/sangue , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Compostos de Sulfonilureia/sangueRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that type 2 diabetes is an inflammatory response manifestation. The main drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes are sulphonylureas and biguanides. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the modulatory effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs (chlorpropamide and metformin) on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and ex vivo. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from human blood by gradient centrifugation. T-lymphocytes were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and oral hypoglycemic drugs. RESULTS: In both in vitro and ex vivo experiments, there was a reduction in cell proliferation after treatment with oral hypoglycemic drugs. When both drugs were used in combination, a high level of cytotoxicity was observed, which made analysis of immunomodulatory effects unfeasible. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that diabetes itself may reduce cell proliferation significantly when stimulated by PHA, which may indicate that diabetic patients have difficulties in promoting an efficient inflammatory response. Moreover, the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs may aggravate this situation.
INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: Tem sido sugerido que o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma manifestação da resposta inflamatória. As principais drogas utilizadas no tratamento do DM2 são as sulfonilureias e as biguanidas. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar os efeitos moduladores na proliferação de linfócitos causada pelos hipoglicemiantes orais (clorpropamida e metformina), in vitro e ex vivo. MÉTODOS: Células mononucleares de sangue periférico foram isoladas de seres humanos por gradiente de centrifugação. Os linfócitos T foram estimulados com fito-hemaglutinina (PHA) e hipoglicemiantes. RESULTADOS: Nos experimentos in vitro e ex vivo, mostramos a redução da proliferação celular quando do tratamento com drogas hipoglicemiantes orais. Quando as drogas foram utilizadas em combinação, foi observado alto grau de citotoxicidade, tornando inviável a análise do efeito imunomodulador. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO: Mostramos que o diabetes, por si, pode reduzir significativamente a proliferação celular quando estimulada por PHA, o que pode indicar que o paciente diabético tem dificuldade em promover a eficiente resposta inflamatória e que o uso de hipoglicemiantes pode piorar esta situação.
Assuntos
Humanos , Clorpropamida/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Imunomodulação , Metformina/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Knowing that hyperglycemia is a hallmark of vascular dysfunction in diabetes and that neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n-STZ) present reduced inflammatory response, we decided to evaluate the effect of chlorpropamide-lowered blood glucose levels on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and pleural exudate in n-STZ. MATERIALS: Diabetes was induced by STZ injection (160 mg/kg, ip) in neonates (2-day-old) Wistar rats. TREATMENT: n-STZ diabetic rats were treated with chlorpropamide (200mg/kg, 15d, by gavage) 8 weeks after STZ injection. METHODS: Carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleural exudate volumes were assessed concomitantly with peripheral and exudate leukocyte count. We also evaluated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lungs of all experimental groups. RESULTS: Chlorpropamide treatment improved glucose tolerance, beta-cell function (assessed by HOMA-beta), corrected paw edema, and pleural exudate volume in n-STZ. Neither leukocyte count nor iNOS expression were affected by diabetes or by chlorpropamide treatment. CONCLUSION: Chlorpropamide treatment by restoring beta-cell function, reducing blood sugar levels, and improving glucose tolerance might be contributing to the correction of the reduced inflammatory response tested as paw edema and pleural exudate in n-STZ diabetic rats.
Assuntos
Clorpropamida/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/etiologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Pleurisia/etiologia , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Carragenina , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Edema/fisiopatologia , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/fisiologia , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , Pleurisia/fisiopatologia , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , EstreptozocinaRESUMO
O presente estudo avaliou sistemas baseados em bentonita sódica purificada e bentonita sódica purificada intercalada com colina como promotores de dissolução de clorpropamida. A intercalação da bentonita sódica foi avaliada por difração de raios X, análise termo gravimétrica, análise calorimétricade varredura e espectrometria no infravermelho. Prepararam-se misturas físicas, empastamentos (kneadings) e granulados e comprimidos, por granulação úmida e compressão direta; ambos os sistemas (físicos e comprimidos) com diversas relações fármaco: promotores de dissolução. Todos os sistemas físicos e os comprimidos foram avaliados quanto à dissolução do fármaco segundo metodologia descrita na Farmacopéia Norte-Americana (USP). Os comprimidos ainda foram avaliados quanto à dureza e friabilidade. O empastamento hidroalcoólico mostrou ser o melhor sistema físico para aumento da dissolução, entretanto é inviável para produção industrial de comprimidos. Os comprimidos de clorpropamida preparados por granulação úmida com proporção de fármaco e promotores de dissolução de 1:0,25 p/p apresentaram melhores resultados no teste de dissolução em relação aos comprimidos sem os promotores. Não houve diferença significativa entre a liberação de clorpropamida com a bentonita sódica e bentonita sódica intercalada. Os comprimidos preparados por compressão direta apresentaram, comparativamente, o melhor desempenho no teste de dissolução. Não foi evidenciado perda de cristalinidade do fármaconos sistemas estudados. O poder de desintegração da bentonita e a possível interação molecular entre o fármaco e a bentonita são as prováveis causas do aumento da dissolução da clorpropamida com tais sistemas baseados em bentonita.
Assuntos
Bentonita/farmacologia , Clorpropamida/farmacocinética , ComprimidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the assessment of the bioequivalence of two formulations (250 mg tablet) of chlorpropamide (CAS 94-20-2) in 36 healthy volunteers of both sexes. METHODS: The study was conducted using an open, randomized, two-period crossover design with a 3-week washout interval. Plasma samples were obtained over a 72-h period. Plasma chlorpropamide concentrations were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with positive ion electrospray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). From the chlorpropamide plasma concentration vs time curves, the following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained: AUC(0-72h), AUC(inf) and C(max). RESULTS: The limit of quantification was 0.1 microg/mL for plasma chlorpropamide analysis. The geometric mean and respective 90 % confidence interval (CI) of Test/ Reference percent ratios were 93.99% (87.11%-101.41%) for C(max), 92.45% (85.96%-99.44%) for AUC(0-72h) and 90.30% (83.35%-97.82%) for AUC(0-inf). CONCLUSION: Since the 90 % CI for AUC(0-72h), AUC(0-inf) and C(max) ratios were within the 80-125%interval proposed by the US FDA, it was concluded that chlorpropamide 250 mg tablet (test formulation) was bioequivalent to the reference 250 mg tablet for of both the rate and extent of absorption.
Assuntos
Clorpropamida/administração & dosagem , Clorpropamida/farmacocinética , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacocinética , Adulto , Área Sob a Curva , Disponibilidade Biológica , Química Farmacêutica , Clorpropamida/sangue , Cromatografia Líquida , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/sangue , Absorção Intestinal , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Comprimidos , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Hyperglycaemia is a primary cause of vascular complications in diabetes. A hallmark of these vascular complications is endothelial cell dysfunction, which is partly due to reduced production of nitric oxide. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of improved glycaemic control with chlorpropamide on microvascular reactivity, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) expression, and NOS activity in neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n-STZ). Diabetes was induced by STZ injection into neonates Wistar rats. n-STZ diabetic rats were treated with chlorpropamide (200 mg kg(-1), 15 days, by gavage). The changes in mesenteric arteriolar and venular diameters were determined in anaesthetized control and n-STZ diabetic rats, before and after topical application of acetylcholine, bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). We also assessed e-NOS expression (using polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription of mRNAs into cDNAs) and NOS activity (conversion of L-arginine to citrulline) in the mesenteric vascular bed of chlorpropamide-treated n-STZ, vehicle-treated n-STZ, and control rats. In n-STZ, chlorpropamide treatment reduced high glycaemic levels, improved glucose tolerance and homoeostatic model assessment (HOMA-beta), and restored NOS activity. Impaired vasodilator responses of arterioles and venules to acetylcholine, bradykinin and SNP were partially corrected by chlorpropamide treatment in n-STZ. We concluded that improved metabolic control and restored NOS activity might be collaborating with improved microvascular reactivity found in chlorpropamide-treated n-STZ.
Assuntos
Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Clorpropamida/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Animais , Bradicinina/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Microcirculação/efeitos dos fármacos , Microcirculação/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Nitroprussiato/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , EstreptozocinaRESUMO
Se realizó la evaluación comparativa de tres fármacos de síntesis utilizados como hipoglicemiantes orales con el extracto acuoso obtenido por infusión de las hojas de Smallanthus sochifolius (Poepp) Rob. "yacón", utilizando un biomodelo experimental por hiperglicemia en ratas nomoglucémicas de la especie Rattus norvegicus var. Albina. El objetivo de la investigación fue observa el efecto de extracto acuoso al 10 por ciento de las hojas de "yacon" en el descenso de la glicemia frente a la glibenclamida, clorpropamida y metformina, que tienen amplio uso en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). El material vegetal fue colectado en el disco se realizó con 36 ratas albinas hembras, cepa Holtzman con un peso promedio de 240 g, que estuvieron sometidas a una alimentación controlada y agua ad libitum, hasta el momento de experimento. Se determinó la curva de tolerancia a la glucosa y la administración de las drogas se hizo por vía intragástrica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un descenso significativo de glicemia con el extracto acuoso utilizado. Con la aplicación del extracto y los fármacos en e biomodelo experimenta, se concluye que las hojas de yacón producen en efecto de disminución significa de glicemia.
It was carried out the comparative evaluation of three synthetic drugs used as oral hypoglycemiants, against the aqueous obtained by infusion of leaves from Smallathus sonchifolius (Popp) Rob. Yacon, using a experimental biomodel by hypoglycemia in normogycemic rats of species Rattus norvegicus var. Albine. The object of the research was to observe the 10 per cent aqueous extract effect of Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp) Rob. Yacon in the decay of glycemia against glibenclamide, clorprofamide and metformine drugs that have great usage in the treatment of type 2 diabets mellitus (DM2). The vegetal material vas collected in the Huancbamba district, province of Oxapampa in Cerro de Pasco department. The pharmacological assay was taken with 36 female albine rats of Holtzman strain, with a average weight of 240 g that were fed by a controlled food and water ad libitum until the moment od experiment. Is was determined the glucose tolerance curve and the administration of drugs was made by intragastric via. The obtained results show a significant decay of glycemia with the used aqueous extact and the drugs used in the experimental biomodel, it was concluded that the Yacon leaves Produce an affect of signifcant decay of glycemia.
Assuntos
Ratos , Clorpropamida , Glibureto , Hipoglicemia , Metformina , Plantas Medicinais , RatosRESUMO
Aqueous or ethanol infusions of Azorella compacta (llareta) in common with many other plants have been used as antidiabetic in the popular medicine in the altiplanic region of Chile. In order to determine if the diterpenic compounds chemically elucidated and isolated from this plant are responsible for this effect, streptozotocin diabetic rats (507 +/- 67 mg/mL glucose) were injected with two injections of diterpenic compounds mulinolic acid, azorellanol, and mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid at 180 mg/mL. Glycemia of animals treated with mulinolic acid and azorellanol was decreased to 243 +/- 2 and 247 +/- 14 mg/mL respectively, values very close to those reached by chlorpropamide injection used in controls. After 3 h treatment with mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid no effect was detected. The blood serum insulin in diabetic rats (146 +/- 58 pg/mL) was lower than in control rats. After injection of azorellanol, insulin was elevated to 247 +/- 23 pg/mL but with mulinolic acid, insulin was not changed. The antihyperglycemic effect of these compounds may explain the effectiveness of llareta in popular medicine. Because of the similarity to the hypoglycemic medication chlorpropamide, azorellanol could be acting on the beta cells of pancreatic islets, while mulinolic acid may act upon glucose utilization or production in the liver.
Assuntos
Apiaceae/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal , Clorpropamida/farmacologia , Diterpenos/química , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Solid-state physical characterization of a pharmaceutical substance is necessary for successful development and approval of the final product. Different physical analytical techniques are available to do so: X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR, Raman, DSC, TG and NMR. Moreover, all of them detect the presence of excipients perturbing the analysis of the pure substance in low doses. In order to study polymorphism and pseudo polymorphism of drug, this paper introduces possible applications of pure nuclear quadrupole resonance, as a non-destructive technique in qualitative and quantitative approaches. Chlorpropamide and diclofenac sodium were used as examples. Unlike the mentioned techniques, the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) signal of pharmaceutical compounds is not perturbed by the presence of solid excipient or other substances unless they possess resonance frequencies in the same frequency range of the compound studied.
Assuntos
Clorpropamida/química , Cristalização , Diclofenaco/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Inflammatory cytokines are central to the pathogenesis of septic shock, and future therapies will depend on interfering with the effects of these cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the two drugs, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), a high-energy glycolytic pathway intermediate, and chlorpropamide (sulfonylurea) on proliferation of T-lymphocytes and on the levels of soluble receptors of tumor necrosis factor (sTNFRII). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) were isolated from the blood of healthy humans by gradient centrifugation. T-lymphocytes were stimulated for 96h with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and varying concentrations of chlorpropamide and FBP. They were stimulated for 24h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and varying concentrations of chlorpropamide and FBP were used. Chlorpropamide at concentrations between 2.5 and 10mM and FBP at concentrations between 1.25 and 10mM decreased proliferation of T-lymphocytes. The chlorpropamide reduced the viability only at a concentration of 10mM and FBP at concentrations of 5.0 and 10mM. The levels of sTNFRII were reduced at chlorpropamide concentrations between 2.5 and 5mM and FBP between 1.25 and 2.5mM. In conclusion, our results suggest that FBP acts, as does chlorpropamide, to inhibit the cellular proliferation and thereby reducing the sTNFRII levels through blockage of the potassium channels. In this way it acts as a powerful immunomodulatory agent.
Assuntos
Clorpropamida/efeitos adversos , Frutosedifosfatos/efeitos adversos , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/imunologia , Clorpropamida/imunologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Frutosedifosfatos/imunologia , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/citologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Fito-Hemaglutininas/imunologia , Fito-Hemaglutininas/farmacologia , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/química , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Choque Séptico/imunologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
El presente artículo describe los diferentes agentes antidiabéticos orales utilizados con frecuencia en casos de diabetes mellitus Tipo II. Se detalla su acción terapéutica, modos de acción y efectos colaterales y adversos (AU)
Assuntos
/efeitos adversos , /farmacologia , Compostos de Sulfonilureia , Compostos de Sulfonilureia/efeitos adversos , Biguanidas , Biguanidas/efeitos adversos , Clorpropamida , Clorpropamida/efeitos adversos , Glibureto , Glibureto/efeitos adversos , Gliclazida , Gliclazida/efeitos adversos , Glipizida , Glipizida/efeitos adversos , Metformina , Metformina/efeitos adversos , Acarbose , Acarbose/efeitos adversosRESUMO
El presente artículo describe los diferentes agentes antidiabéticos orales utilizados con frecuencia en casos de diabetes mellitus Tipo II. Se detalla su acción terapéutica, modos de acción y efectos colaterales y adversos
Assuntos
Hipoglicemiantes , Compostos de Sulfonilureia , Biguanidas , Clorpropamida , Glibureto , Acarbose , Gliclazida , Glipizida , Hipoglicemiantes , MetforminaRESUMO
Presentamos un paciente de sexo masculino, de 15 años de edad, con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de liquen plano. Fue tratado con griseofulvina 500 mg/día y fenoxifenadina 120 mg/día con mejoría tanto subjetiva como objetiva al cabo del mes de tratamiento. Se confirma la griseofulvina como alternativa terapéutica para el liquen plano
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Griseofulvina , Líquen Plano , Erupções Liquenoides , Ácido Aminossalicílico/efeitos adversos , Alopurinol , Antirreumáticos , Arsenicais , Arsênio/efeitos adversos , Captopril , Cloroquina , Clorpropamida , Toxidermias , Enalapril , Ouro , Griseofulvina , Hidroclorotiazida , Ibuprofeno , Indometacina , Cetoconazol , Líquen Plano , Penicilamina , Estreptomicina , TetraciclinasRESUMO
Presentamos un paciente de sexo masculino, de 15 años de edad, con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de liquen plano. Fue tratado con griseofulvina 500 mg/día y fenoxifenadina 120 mg/día con mejoría tanto subjetiva como objetiva al cabo del mes de tratamiento. Se confirma la griseofulvina como alternativa terapéutica para el liquen plano (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Líquen Plano/tratamento farmacológico , Griseofulvina/uso terapêutico , Erupções Liquenoides/etiologia , Líquen Plano/diagnóstico , Líquen Plano/patologia , Toxidermias , Enalapril/efeitos adversos , Captopril/efeitos adversos , Clorpropamida/efeitos adversos , Ouro/efeitos adversos , Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Estreptomicina/efeitos adversos , Cloroquina/efeitos adversos , Ácido Aminossalicílico/efeitos adversos , Griseofulvina/efeitos adversos , Griseofulvina/farmacocinética , Alopurinol/efeitos adversos , Penicilamina/efeitos adversos , Arsenicais/efeitos adversos , Arsênio/efeitos adversos , Tetraciclinas/efeitos adversos , Ibuprofeno/efeitos adversos , Indometacina/efeitos adversos , Hidroclorotiazida/efeitos adversos , Cetoconazol/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Diabetic patients received acarbose, 150 mg/day durign four weeks and this dose was increased to 300 mg/day durign 3 months. Afterwards, patients were followed for a period of 12 weeks without acarbose. Fasting and post-prandial blood glucose and glycosilated hemoglobin were measured sequentially durign the study. Results: Eighty five patients were recruited for the study but 64 complied with the treatment protocol. The age of these patients was 56 ñ 8.8 years old, their diabetes duration was 7.8 ñ 8.8 years and their body mass index was 27.6 ñ 3.6 kg/m². During acarbose treatment, glycosilated hemoglobin decreased from 8.36 ñ 1.33 to 7.71 + 1.7 percent (p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose decreased from 173 ñ 48 to 159 ñ 59 mg/dl (p < 0.03) and post-prandial blood glucose decreased from 254 ñ 80 to 241 ñ mg/dl (NS). After discontinuing acarbose glycosilated hemoglobin and blood glucose levels returned to basal levels. Body weight and blood pressure did not change during the treatment period. Fifty nine patients bad gastrointestinal symptoms (meteorism, flatulence and abdominal distention) that were mild in 59 percent and moderate in 39 percent. Episodes of hypoglycemia were not observed. Conclusions: Acarbose, associated to sylphonylureas is an effective drug to reduce blood glucose and glycosilated hemoglobin levels in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Glucosidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Sulfonilureia/uso terapêutico , Tolbutamida/farmacologia , Clorpropamida/farmacologia , Glibureto/farmacologia , Dieta para DiabéticosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the metabolic effects of dietary fructose and sucrose in type II diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixteen well-controlled type II diabetic subjects were fed three isocaloric diets for 28 days each. The three diets provided 50-55, 15, and 30-35% of total energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat, respectively. In one diet, 20% of total calories were derived from fructose; in another, 19% of total calories were derived from sucrose; and in the control diet, only 5% of daily calories were derived from sugars, all other carbohydrates being supplied as polysaccharides. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between either the fructose or the sucrose diet and the control polysaccharide diet in any of the measures of glycemic control, serum lipid levels, or insulin and C-peptide secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that in the short and middle terms, high fructose and sucrose diets do not adversely affect glycemia, lipemia, or insulin and C-peptide secretion in well-controlled type II diabetic subjects.