RESUMO
Fundamentos: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) tem grande prevalência e altas taxas de mortalidade. Objetivos: Analisar as associações da IC quando selecionada como causa básica de morte (I50-CID10) com outras causas mencionadas nas linhas das declarações de óbito (DO) e da menção de causas que incluem referência à IC (conjunto IC) nas DO com outras causas básicas de morte. Métodos: Utilizadas as DO para as informações dos estados do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul, de 1999 a 2005. O conjunto IC (CIC) foi constituído pelos códigos da CID-10 em que a IC esteve presente. Calcularam-se quantidades absolutas e percentuais das menções quando IC foi causa básica e das menções do CIC quando outras causas foram selecionadas como básicas. Resultados: Quando IC foi causa básica, cerca da metade das menções referiram-se ao aparelho circulatório e quase 25,0 % ao aparelho respiratório, sendo que I50 correspondeu a cerca de 30,0 % das menções. Quando alguma causa do CIC foi mencionada, foram selecionados, com maior frequência, como causas básicas os aparelhos circulatório (69,0 %) e respiratório (11,0 %). No total das DO o número médio de causas mencionadas foi 2,99, quando houve menção a alguma causa do CIC foi de 3,65, e quando I50 foi causa básica foi apenas de 2,88.
Background: Heart failure (HF) is extremely prevalent with high mortality rates. Objectives: To analyze associations between HF when selected as the underlying cause of death (I50-CID10) and other causes mentioned in death certificates (DC) and mentions of causes that include references to the HF set (HFS) in DC with other underlying causes of death. Methods: DO data were obtained in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul States for 1999-2005. The HF set (HFS) was established by the ICD-10 codes when HF was present. Absolute and percentage quantities were calculated when HF was the underlying cause and mentions of HFS when other underlying causes were selected. Results: When HF was the underlying cause, about half the mentions referred to the circulatory system and almost 25% to the respiratory system, with I50 corresponding to some 30% of the entries. When some cause was mentioned for the HFS, the underlying causes selected most frequently were circulatory (69%) and respiratory (11%). In the total number of DCs, the average number of causes mentioned was 2.99; mentions of causes of HFS reached 3.65, and when I50 was the underlying cause, this reached only 2.88.
Assuntos
Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Mortalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In 2001 the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted a classification system for understanding functioning and human disability: the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The ICF's acceptance and use has been facilitated by the development and global consensus process, with increasing evidence about its validity. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the overview of the use of the ICF in Brazil, since its conception in 2001 until the year 2011. METHOD: We conducted an integrative literature review by searching SciELO, Lilacs, PubMed and ISI databases. To be included in the review, the study must have been published as scientific article, editorial or technical note, and had to having the participation of Brazilian researchers or have been developed in Brazil. RESULTS: One hundred and two publications were identified, but only 47 studies were included based in the inclusion criteria. Most of eligible studies were related to neurology (n=16) and orthopaedics (n=12) subdisciplines. The university that most appeared in the publications in national journals was The Universidade de São Paulo (11) and in the international journals was Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (4). In 2003 there was only one publication; in 2010 and 2011 were 10 and 8, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although incipient, the use of ICF in the Brazilian scientific community is rising. There is a concentration of studies related to the locomotor system, as well as performed by universities in the southeast area of Brazil.
Assuntos
Avaliação da Deficiência , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/história , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , História do Século XXI , HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chagas' disease is a major public health problem in Brazil and needs extensive and reliable information to support consistent prevention and control actions. This study describes the most common causes of death associated with deaths related to Chagas' disease (underlying or associated cause of death). METHODS: Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health (approximately 9 million deaths). We analyzed all deaths that occurred in Brazil between 1999 and 2007, where Chagas' disease was mentioned on the death certificate as underlying or associated cause (multiple causes of death). RESULTS: There was a total of 53,930 deaths related to Chagas' disease, 44,543 (82.6%) as underlying cause and 9,387 (17.4%) as associated cause. The main diseases and conditions associated with death by Chagas' disease as underlying cause included direct complications of cardiac involvement, such as conduction disorders/arrhythmias (41.4%) and heart failure (37.7%). Cerebrovascular disease (13.2%), ischemic heart disease (13.2%) and hypertensive diseases (9.3%) were the main underlying causes of deaths in which Chagas' disease was identified as an associated cause. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular diseases were often associated with deaths related to Chagas' disease. Information from multiple causes of death recorded on death certificates allows reconstruction of the natural history of Chagas' disease and suggests preventive and therapeutic potential measures more adequate and specifics.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Doença de Chagas/mortalidade , Atestado de Óbito , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Causas de Morte , Doença de Chagas/complicações , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Humanos , Amputação Traumática/cirurgia , Amputação Cirúrgica/reabilitação , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde , Membros Artificiais , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Cotos de Amputação , Política de SaúdeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chagas' disease is a major public health problem in Brazil and needs extensive and reliable information to support consistent prevention and control actions. This study describes the most common causes of death associated with deaths related to Chagas' disease (underlying or associated cause of death). METHODS: Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health (approximately 9 million deaths). We analyzed all deaths that occurred in Brazil between 1999 and 2007, where Chagas' disease was mentioned on the death certificate as underlying or associated cause (multiple causes of death). RESULTS: There was a total of 53,930 deaths related to Chagas' disease, 44,543 (82.6%) as underlying cause and 9,387 (17.4%) as associated cause. The main diseases and conditions associated with death by Chagas' disease as underlying cause included direct complications of cardiac involvement, such as conduction disorders/arrhythmias (41.4%) and heart failure (37.7%). Cerebrovascular disease (13.2%), ischemic heart disease (13.2%) and hypertensive diseases (9.3%) were the main underlying causes of deaths in which Chagas' disease was identified as an associated cause. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular diseases were often associated with deaths related to Chagas' disease. Information from multiple causes of death recorded on death certificates allows reconstruction of the natural history of Chagas' disease and suggests preventive and therapeutic potential measures more adequate and specifics.
INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Chagas é um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil e necessita de informações amplas e confiáveis que subsidiem suas ações de prevenção e controle. Este estudo descreve as causas de morte que mais frequentemente se associaram aos óbitos relacionados à doença de Chagas como causa básica e associada de morte. MÉTODOS: Dados de mortalidade foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde (aproximadamente 9 milhões de óbitos). Foram analisados todos os óbitos ocorridos no Brasil entre 1999 e 2007, nos quais a doença de Chagas foi mencionada na declaração de óbito como causa básica ou associada (causas múltiplas de morte). RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 53.930 óbitos relacionados à doença de Chagas, 44.543 (82,6%) como causa básica e 9,387 (17,4%) como causa associada. As principais doenças e condições associadas ao óbito por doença de Chagas como causa básica foram as complicações diretas do envolvimento cardíaco, como os transtornos de condução/arritmias (41,4%) e a insuficiência cardíaca (37,7%). As doenças cerebrovasculares (13,2%), doenças isquêmicas do coração (13,2%) e as doenças hipertensivas (9,3%) foram as principais causas básicas nos óbitos em que a doença de Chagas foi identificada como causa associada. CONCLUSÕES: As doenças cardiovasculares foram as que mais frequentemente se associaram aos óbitos relacionados à doença de Chagas. As informações relativas às causas múltiplas de morte registradas na declaração de óbito permitem recompor a história natural da doença de Chagas e indicam medidas preventivas e terapêuticas mais adequadas e específicas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Doença de Chagas/mortalidade , Atestado de Óbito , Brasil/epidemiologia , Causas de Morte , Doença Crônica , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doença de Chagas/complicações , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To develop a hospital mortality prediction model based on data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Health System. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using data from 453,515 authorizations for hospital admission relating to 332 hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil in the year 2005. From the ratio between observed and expected deaths, the hospitals were ranked in an adjusted manner, and this was compared with the crude ranking of the mortality rate. Logistic regression was used to develop a predictive model for the likelihood of hospital mortality according to sex, age, diagnosis and use of an intensive care unit. Confidence intervals (95%) were obtained for the 206 hospitals with more than 365 hospital admissions per year. RESULTS: An index for the risk of hospital mortality was obtained. Ranking the hospitals using only the crude mortality rate differed from the ranking when it was adjusted according to the predictive likelihood model. Among the 206 hospitals analyzed, 40 of them presented observed mortality that was significantly greater than what was expected, while 58 hospitals presented mortality that was significantly lower than expected. Use of an intensive care unit presented the greatest weight in making up the risk index, followed by age and diagnosis. When the hospitals attended patients with widely differing profiles, the risk adjustment did not result in a definitive indication regarding which provider was best. Among this group of hospitals, those of large size presented greater numbers of deaths than would be expected from the characteristics of the hospital admissions. CONCLUSIONS: The hospital mortality risk index was shown to be an appropriate predictor for calculating the expected death rate, and it can be applied to evaluate hospital performance. It is recommended that, in comparing hospitals, the adjustment using the predictive likelihood model for the risk should be used, with stratification according to hospital size.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Informação Hospitalar , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: estudar as diferenças da morbidade hospitalar entre grupos sociais, considerando a ocupação do paciente e a fonte de financiamento da internação. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado com a população economicamente ativa residente e hospitalizada em Ribeirão Preto/SP, nos anos de 1998 e 2006, considerando a ocupação (profissionais, técnicos, qualificados não-manuais, qualificados manuais, semiqualificados e não-qualificados) e as categorias de internação (baseadas na fonte de financiamento: particulares, pré-pagamento e sistema público de saúde). A pesquisa utiliza a técnica de análise de correspondências. Resultados: foram estudadas 112.703 internações ocorridas nos anos de 1998 e 2006, segundo a categoria internação e a ocupação, sendo 35,8% delas de população economicamente ativa; aproximadamente a metade era do sistema público de saúde (SUS) e os outros cobertos por planos de saúde (46%) ou particulares (4,5%). Houve forte associação entre a classe social e o sistema de financiamento da assistência - 95% da variabilidade encontrada são explicados por essa dimensão. A morbidade hospitalar distribui-se desigualmente entre os sistemas de financiamento da assistência - 73% da variabilidade encontrada na distribuição da morbidade são explicados por essa variável. Predominam, entre os pacientes do sistema público, os transtornos mentais, doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, malformações congênitas, doenças do sistema nervoso, lesões e envenenamentos, doenças dos olhos e anexos e doenças do sangue. Além disso, a análise de correspondência foi capaz de explicar - mediante o conceito de inércia - a importância das variáveis selecionadas no estudo das desigualdades.
Objective: to study the hospital morbidity differences among social groups, taking into account the patient occupation and the internment funding resource. Methods: cross sectional study, carried out with the population economically active and in hospital in Ribeirão Preto/SP, during the years 1998 and 2006, taking into account the occupation (professionals, technicians, non-manual qualified, manual qualified, semiqualified and non-qualified) and the internment categories (based on the funding resource: private, pre-payment and public health care system). The research used the technique of the correspondence analysis. Results: 112.703 internments in the years 1998 and 2006 were studied, according to the internment category and occupation, 35,8% of which from the economically active population; approximately half of it from the public health care system (SUS) and the others covered by health plans (46%) or private (4,5%). There was strong association between the social class and the health care funding system - 95% of the found variety is explained by this dimension. The hospital morbidity is unequally distributed among the health care funding system - 73% of the variety found in the morbidity distribution is explained by this variable. Mental disorders, infectious and parasitic diseases, congenital malformations, nervous system diseases, injuries and poisoning, eye diseases and annexes and blood diseases are predominant among the patients from the public health care system. Furthermore, the correspondence analysis was apt to explain - through the inertia concept - the importance of the variables selected in the inequalities analysis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Planos de Pré-Pagamento em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema Único de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease with high prevalence and mortality rates. The mortality due to HF in Brazil has been studied more frequently using hospitalization data. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality rates due to HF by sex and age range, in three states of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, from 1999 to 2005. METHODS: The data were obtained from death certificates assessed in the three states. The mortality due to HF was assessed in the restricted (underlying cause of death), comprehensive (mentioned in any line of the death certificate) and extended (all codes with the presence of HF) forms. RESULTS: The specific rates of mortality presented a clear decrease trend in the age groups, except in the group aged 80 years or older. The rates increased with age and were clearly higher among men up to 80 years of age. The rates of mortality due to HF were 3-fold higher in the comprehensive than in the restricted form of analysis. The extended form of analysis also added 20% of deaths in which HF was present. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated a decrease trend in the mortality rates due to HF when considering the three states - around 43% of Brazil - from 1999 to 2005. The methodology of multiple causes of death, in addition to the underlying ones, allows us to present a more comprehensive dimension of the importance of HF as cause of death. The adequate selection of the codes of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which comprehend the totality of the HF phenomenon, remains a challenge for further studies.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Causas de Morte/tendências , Feminino , Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of comorbidity measures to predict the risk of death in Brazilian in-patients. METHODS: Data from the Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Unico de Saúde (Unified Health System Hospital Information System) were used, which enables only one secondary diagnosis to be recorded. A total of 1,607,697 hospitalizations were selected, all of which occurred in Brazil, between 2003 and 2004, and whose main diagnoses were: ischemic heart disease, congestive cardiac failure, stroke and pneumonia. Charlson Index and Elixhauser comorbidities were the comorbidity measures used. In addition, the simple record of a certain secondary diagnosis was also used. Logistic regression was applied to assess the impact of comorbidity measures on the estimate of risk of death. The baseline model included the following variables: age, sex and main diagnosis. Models to predict death were assessed, based on C-statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow test. RESULTS: Hospital mortality rate was 10.4% and mean length of stay was 5.7 days. The majority (52%) of hospitalizations occurred among men and mean age was 62.6 years. Of all hospitalizations, 5.4% included a recorded secondary diagnosis, although the odds ratio between death and presence of comorbidity was 1.93. The baseline model showed a discriminatory capacity (C-statistic) of 0.685. The improvement in the models, attributed to the introduction of comorbidity indices, was poor, equivalent to zero when C-statistic with only two digits was considered. CONCLUSIONS: Although the introduction of three comorbidity measures in distinct models to predict death improved the predictive capacity of the baseline model, the values obtained are still considered insufficient. The accuracy of this type of measure is influenced by the completeness of the source of information. In this sense, high underreporting of secondary diagnosis, in addition to the well-known lack of space to note down this type of information in the Sistema de Informações Hospitalares, are the main explanatory factors for the results found.
Assuntos
Mortalidade Hospitalar , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Risco Ajustado/métodos , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
Fundamento: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma doença crônica de grande prevalência e altas taxas de mortalidade. A mortalidade por IC, no Brasil, tem sido estudada mais frequentemente com dados de internações hospitalares. Objetivo: Avaliar as taxas de mortalidade por IC, por sexo e faixa etária, no conjunto dos estados do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul, de 1999 a 2005. Métodos: As informações foram obtidas dos atestados de óbito examinados nos três estados. A mortalidade por IC foi avaliada em modo restrito (causa básica de morte), modo abrangente (presente em qualquer linha do atestado) e modo ampliado (todos os códigos com presença de IC). Resultados: As taxas específicas de mortalidade apresentaram tendências de quedas nítidas nos grupos de idade, exceto nos de 80 anos ou mais. As taxas aumentaram com a idade, sendo maiores nos homens, de forma clara, até os 80 anos. As taxas de mortalidade por IC foram três vezes maiores no modo abrangente do que no modo restrito. O modo ampliado acrescentou ainda 20 por cento de óbitos em que havia IC. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo demonstram tendências de quedas nas taxas de mortalidade por IC no conjunto dos três estados - cerca de 43 por cento do Brasil -, de 1999 a 2005. A metodologia de causas múltiplas de morte, além das básicas, permite apresentar dimensão mais abrangente da importância da IC como causa de óbito. A seleção adequada dos códigos da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID), que compreendem a totalidade do fenômeno de IC, permanece como desafio para futuros estudos.
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease with high prevalence and mortality rates. The mortality due to HF in Brazil has been studied more frequently using hospitalization data. Objective: To evaluate the mortality rates due to HF by sex and age range, in three states of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, from 1999 to 2005. Methods: The data were obtained from death certificates assessed in the three states. The mortality due to HF was assessed in the restricted (underlying cause of death), comprehensive (mentioned in any line of the death certificate) and extended (all codes with the presence of HF) forms. Results: The specific rates of mortality presented a clear decrease trend in the age groups, except in the group aged 80 years or older. The rates increased with age and were clearly higher among men up to 80 years of age. The rates of mortality due to HF were 3-fold higher in the comprehensive than in the restricted form of analysis. The extended form of analysis also added 20 percent of deaths in which HF was present. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated a decrease trend in the mortality rates due to HF when considering the three states - around 43 percent of Brazil - from 1999 to 2005. The methodology of multiple causes of death, in addition to the underlying ones, allows us to present a more comprehensive dimension of the importance of HF as cause of death. The adequate selection of the codes of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which comprehend the totality of the HF phenomenon, remains a challenge for further studies.
Fundamento: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es una enfermedad crónica de gran prevalencia y altas tasas de mortalidad. La mortalidad por IC, en Brasil, se ha estudiado más frecuentemente con datos de internaciones hospitalarias. Objetivo: Evaluar las tasas de mortalidad por IC, por sexo e intervalo de edades, en el conjunto de los estados de Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo y Rio Grande do Sul, del 1999 a 2005. Métodos: Las informaciones se obtuvieron de los certificados de óbito examinados en los tres estados. La mortalidad por IC se evaluó de modo restricto (causa básica de muerte), modo amplio (presente en cualquier línea del certificado) y modo ampliado (todos los códigos con presencia de IC). Resultados: Las tasas específicas de mortalidad presentaron tendencias de caídas nítidas en los grupos de edad, excepto en los de 80 años o más. Las tasas aumentaron con la edad, siendo mayores en los hombres, de forma clara, hasta los 80 años. Las tasas de mortalidad por IC fueron tres veces mayores en el modo amplio que en el modo restricto. El modo ampliado agregó además un 20 por ciento de óbitos en que había IC. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio muestran tendencias de caídas en las tasas de mortalidad por IC en el conjunto de los tres estados - cerca del 43 por ciento del Brasil -, de 1999 a 2005. La metodología de causas múltiples de muerte, además de las básicas, permite presentar dimensión más amplia de la importancia de la IC como causa de óbito. La selección adecuada de los códigos de Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE), que comprenden la totalidad del fenómeno de IC, permanece como desafío para futuros estudios.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Causas de Morte/tendências , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The present study investigated the interrater reliability of the diagnoses of schizophrenia (SCH), schizoaffective disorder (SAD), bipolar disorder (BPD) and unipolar depression (UPD) according to both DSM-IV and ICD-10, as well as the diagnostic congruence between the two classificatory systems. SAMPLING AND METHODS: Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, two trained psychiatrists simultaneously evaluated 100 inpatients and independently assessed the psychiatric diagnoses. The Cohen's kappa coefficient was employed to estimate interrater reliability and diagnostic congruence between DSM-IV and ICD-10. RESULTS: SCH was more frequent according to ICD-10 than DSM-IV criteria. Considering both diagnostic systems, all the four nosological categories, but ICD-10 SAD and DSM-IV UPD, were associated with interrater reliability coefficients above 0.50. The coefficient of the diagnostic congruence between DSM-IV and ICD-10 was inferior to 0.50 only for SAD. BPD was associated with the highest degrees of both interrater reliability and diagnostic congruence. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of an item excluding the occurrence of an affective syndrome among ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for SCH can account for: the larger frequency of SCH according to ICD-10 than DSM-IV; the unsatisfactory interrater reliability for the diagnosis of ICD-10 SAD, and the low diagnostic congruence for SAD.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Transtorno Bipolar/classificação , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/classificação , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Psicóticos/classificação , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Esquizofrenia/classificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To define inpatient care of obese children with or without an obesity diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 29,352 inpatient discharges (18,459 unique inpatients) from a tertiary children's hospital were analyzed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and weight. "Obesity" was defined as BMI >or=95th percentile by using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts. "Diagnosed obesity" was defined by primary, secondary or tertiary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for "obesity" or "overweight." Analyses controlled for multiple inpatient records per individual. RESULTS: A total of 5989 discharges from the hospital (20.4%) were associated with obesity, but only 512 discharges (1.7%) indicated obesity as a diagnosis. An obesity diagnosis identified only 5.5% of inpatient days for obese inpatients. Obese patients with an obesity diagnosis (Ob/Dx) had fewer hospital discharges per person and shorter lengths of stay than obese patients without an obesity diagnosis (Ob/No Dx). Patients with Ob/Dx had higher odds of mental health, endocrine, and musculoskeletal disorders than non-obese inpatients, but Ob/No Dx patients generally did not. CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient obesity diagnoses underestimate inpatient utilization and misidentify patterns of care for obese children. Extreme caution is warranted when using obesity diagnoses to study healthcare utilization by obese children.
Assuntos
Hospitais Pediátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pacientes Internados/estatística & dados numéricos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Revisão da Utilização de Recursos de Saúde , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Criança Hospitalizada/estatística & dados numéricos , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/epidemiologia , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Ohio/epidemiologia , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The occurrence of drug adverse events in hospital settings is high and generates cost excess. The purpose of the study was to identify drug-related events during hospital admissions and to estimate their prevalence. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Hospitalizations from the Brazilian Health System's national hospital database during the period between 1999 and 2002 were assessed. Admitted cases including suspected drug adverse event cases with ICD-10 (2000) coding in the main diagnosis and/or secondary diagnosis fields were included in the study. Means and standard deviations of continuous variables as well as the statistical significance of differences were estimated using variance analysis (ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval). RESULTS: There were identified 3,421 drug-related adverse events, and a prevalence of 1.8 cases per 1,000 hospitalizations was estimated. Most cases occurred in males (64.5%) admitted in contracted (34.9%) and local public hospitals (23.1%) in the departments of psychiatry (51.4%) and internal medicine (45.2%), of them, 84.1% were discharged. Most of them were adverse drug reactions or drug poisoning, and there were significant difference (p<0.000) regarding age and length of stay between these categories. Patients having adverse events were younger (35.8 vs 40.5 years old) and stayed longer in hospital (26.5 vs 5.0 days). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of drug adverse events, although lower than those findings of international studies, is significant. National hospital admission database was considered useful in the study of drug-related events.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Notificação de Reações Adversas a Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
This study analyzed the reliability of the final diagnosis in the 155,242 dengue reports during the 2001-2002 epidemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using the official information system on communicable diseases (SINAN). The system allows the following options for the final diagnosis: classic dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever, discarded, inconclusive, and unknown. We built a classification routine in Epi Info to compare the final diagnosis from SINAN with Ministry of Health criteria. According to the final diagnosis, the case breakdown was: 52.4% classic dengue; 0.6% dengue hemorrhagic fever; 0.9% discarded; 46% inconclusive and unknown. The revised diagnosis showed that 78% of classic dengue, 69% of dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 21.1% of discarded cases met the classification criteria. Although the reliability of the SINAN final diagnosis was generally satisfactory (kappa = 0.681; 95%CI: 0.685-0.677), it was worse for fatal cases (kappa = 0.152; 95%CI: 0.046-0.258). Considering the epidemic's magnitude, the final diagnosis of classic dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever was satisfactory, but the high proportion of inconclusive or unknown cases and the poor quality of information for fatal cases limit the usefulness of SINAN in this context.
Assuntos
Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiologia , Notificação de Doenças , Surtos de Doenças , Sistemas de Informação/normas , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Vigilância da População , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Dengue Grave/diagnóstico , Dengue Grave/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The GC-3 is the third edition of a long-standing and serial effort to annotate and adapt the mental disorders component of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) to Cuban realities and needs. The Cuban Glossary since its first edition in 1975 distinctively utilizes a bottom-up and multidisciplinary developmental approach. The GC-3 as an adaptation of ICD-10 has rescued and refined the concept of neurosis and facilitated its placement throughout pertinent sections of the international classification. It has also facilitated the identification of prodromic phases of various recurrent disorders. The GC-3 endorses the view that a diagnosis should deal with several important clinical aspects in addition to illness senso stricto and that it should have a prominent therapeutic orientation. In line with this, a multiaxial schema has been included in GC-3, adding three axes to the triaxial ICD-10 adult psychiatry schema. Empirical studies are being carried out to appraise the clinical use and usefulness of the GC-3 hexaxial schema.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/classificação , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Cuba , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Prognóstico , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Culturally competent diagnostic systems are necessary for an effective and ethical clinical practice, as cultural diversity of patients increase around the world. Latin American psychiatrists hold a long-standing commitment to this enterprise. Recently, two main Latin American adaptations to the international psychiatric classification have emerged: the Cuban Glossary of Psychiatry, and the project of the Latin American Guide for Psychiatric Diagnosis (GLADP). Keeping ICD-10 as the basis for nosological organization, GLADP is being developed with contributions by mental health professionals from Latin American countries. GLADP comprises 4 parts: (1) historical and cultural framework, (2) comprehensive diagnosis and formulation, (3) psychiatric nosology and (4) appendixes.