RESUMO
AIMS: Pyometra and cystitis caused by Escherichia coli are common diseases identified in canine or feline females. The origin of pyometra infection remains uncertain, and effective prevention strategies for this disease are still unknown. This study aimed to provide a phenotypic characterization, including antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles, of endometrial pathogenic (EnPEC) and uropathogenic (UPEC) E. coli strains isolated simultaneously from the same animal. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen E. coli strains, from eight different animals, were analyzed in this study. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of EnPEC and UPEC strains was determined using the disc diffusion method, which showed a similar susceptibility profile among strains (EnPEC and UPEC) from the same animal. The virulence profile of the strains was assessed through biofilm formation, as well as serum resistance abilities. EnPEC and UPEC strains from the same animal exhibited slight variations in their virulence and antimicrobial resistance capabilities. Overall, most of the strain pairs showed a high similarity in their ability to establish biofilms and survive in serum complement activity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, strains of E. coli isolated from both pyometra and cystitis in the same animal, despite presenting distinct clinical diseases, exhibit a wide phenotypic similarity, suggesting a common origin for the strains.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Doenças do Gato , Cistite , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenótipo , Piometra , Animais , Cistite/microbiologia , Cistite/veterinária , Piometra/microbiologia , Piometra/veterinária , Feminino , Gatos , Cães , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Virulência , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/patogenicidade , Farmacorresistência BacterianaRESUMO
A 2-year-old English bulldog presented history of recurrent lower urinary tract disease, refractory to treatment. The Complete Blood Count revealed lymphopenia, hyperproteinemia, and hyperglobulinemia, while urinalysis indicated leukocyturia and bacteriuria. On the abdominal ultrasound, the bladder had a focal wall thickening in its cranial portion, as well as irregular echogenicity and internal margins. A bladder surgical biopsy was performed, indicating the presence of follicular cystitis. Clinical signs disappeared after treatment with a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, NSAIDs, supplementation with cranberry extract associated with cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa). Clinical follow-up 12 months after surgery showed remission at all clinical signs. Follicular cystitis in dogs was reported only once worldwide, this case report is the first in Brazil; thus, it may be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with refractory and recurrent lower urinary tract disease.
Um Bulldog Inglês de 2 anos apresentou história clínica de doença recorrente do trato urinário inferior, refratária ao tratamento. O hemograma revelou uma discreta linfopenia, hiperproteinemia e hiperglobulinemia. Já a urinálise apontou leucocitúria e bacteriúria. Na ultrassonografia, a bexiga apresentava espessamento focal da parede da bexiga em porção cranial, ecogênica e margens internas irregulares. A biópsia cirúrgica da bexiga foi compatível com cistite folicular. Os sinais clínicos desapareceram após o tratamento com uma combinação de amoxicilina - ácido clavulânico, AINEs, suplementação alimentar de extrato de cranberry associado a unha de gato (fitoterápico da planta Uncaria tomentosa). O acompanhamento, 12 meses após a cirurgia, confirmou que o cão estava livre de sinais clínicos. A cistite folicular foi relatada apenas em 1 cão no mundo, sendo esse considerado o primeiro relato no Brasil. Essa enfermidade deve ser considerada um diferencial para pacientes com doença refratária do trato urinário inferior de longa data.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Doenças Urológicas/veterinária , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/veterinária , Cistite/veterinária , Doenças do CãoRESUMO
Background: The urinary tract is composed by kidneys, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys produce urine that achieve urinary bladder by ureters. These have the origin in the renal pelvis, run through the retroperitoneum, end up at the dorsolateral superficies of the urinary bladder, and empty at the trigone. Ureters abnormalities are the rarest congenital defects in the canine urinary tract and ureteroceles are cystic dilatations of the distal segment of the ureter that could be associated to partial or complete urinary obstructions and could lead to megaureter and hydronephrosis. So, the aim of the present study was to describe a case of megaureter by intramural ureteral ectopia in a bitch. Case: A 1-year-old-and-8-month bitch Akita, weighing 18 kg, was referred to the Uniube Veterinary Hospital with vaginal secretion, prostration, hypodipsia, hyporexia and pyrexia related by the tutor. On physical examination, an increase in vulva volume and a vaginal discharge were observed. Nevertheless, others physical exams, blood count and biochemical tests were considered to be within normal parameters. Urinalysis showed cloudy aspect, proteinuria, occult blood, erythrocytes, pyuria, leucocytes, and discreet presence of bacteria. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a megaureter with right uterocele and excretory urography showed absence of glomerular filtration by right kidney. The patient was submitted to surgery for right kidney and ureter exeresis. Histopathology evaluation showed intense dilation of the ureter and severe multifocal renal fibrosis. The surgery was well succeeded, and the patient recovered completely. Discussion: Once megaureter are associated with congenital abnormalities like ectopic ureter and ureterocele, it is usually diagnosed in young patients with medium age of 10 months, which is below the age of the patient in this case report. Additionally, in the patient here reported, the unilateral alteration could explain the absence of kidney fail symptoms. In more than 90% of the cases, the ureteral ectopia was associated with multiple anomalies in the urinary tract, as was observed in this patient, that presented besides ectopic ureter, ureterocele, megaureter and renal dystrophy. All these morphological alterations made impossible the complete urine elimination, which predispose to urinary tract infection, that was observed in this report. According to literature, urinary tract anomalies are associated with infection in 64 to 85% and 50% of the cases also present hydronephrosis and hydroureter. It was also described that ureteral ectopia is diagnosed by visualization of hydroureter in abdominal ultrasonography. The findings present in this report differs a little, once the right kidney was atrophic possibly by malformation or even so by a chronic renal lesion due to the difficulty in urine flow. The excretory urography showed no filtration in the right kidney, indicating non-functionality that was confirmed by histopathology, in which was observed small glomerulus and large amount of connective tissue deposition. In cases of unilateral megaureter with ipsilateral kidney commitment, there is indication of nephroureterectomy, that was performed in the patient of the present report. As far as we know, this is the first report of megaureter, ureterocele and ectopia ureteral together in the same patient. In conclusion, the procedure was secure, efficient and promote a better quality of life for the patient and prevent the recurrence of urinary tract infections.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Ureter/anormalidades , Cistite/veterinária , Nefroureterectomia/veterinária , Sistema Urinário/patologiaRESUMO
Partial or complete bladder eversion is a rare condition of poor prognosis in cows, commonly associated with intense tenesmus observed in the peripartum period. A 14-year-old obese Nellore cow at 280 days of gestation was referred with 24-hour bladder prolapse. The bladder was complete eversion through the vulvar vestibule showing a thick congested wall and small residual urine volume. After clinical examination, the cow received scopolamine butylbromide and intercoccygeal epidural anesthesia, and the externalized bladder segment was partially reduced, remaining only 10 cm externalized. The cow was maintained with an intravesical human gastric tube number 16 and constant monitoring. The eversion was fully reduced after 12 hours of local treatment, and as the cow presented subclinical ketosis, hypocalcemia and cystitis, antibiotic, glucose, calcium and propylene glycol therapy were performed. We opted for induction of parturition, and after 24 hours, a healthy 52kg calf was born and the placenta was delivered 16 hours after calving. The cow and calf were discharged on the sixth day of hospitalization, with no recurrences or secondary complications after treatment.
A eversão vesical parcial ou completa é uma condição rara de mau prognóstico em vacas, comumente associada a tenesmo intenso observado no período periparto. Uma vaca Nelore obesa de 14 anos de idade, com 280 dias de gestação, foi encaminhada com prolapso de bexiga de 24 horas. A bexiga apresentava eversão completa por meio do vestíbulo vulvar apresentando parede espessa e congestionada e pequeno volume residual de urina. Após exame clínico, a vaca recebeu butilbrometo de escopolamina e anestesia peridural intercoccígea, e o segmento vesical exteriorizado foi parcialmente reduzido, permanecendo apenas 10cm exteriorizado. A vaca foi mantida com sonda gástrica humana número 16 por via intravesical e monitorada constantemente. A eversão foi totalmente reduzida após 12 horas de tratamento local, e, como a vaca apresentava cetose subclínica, hipocalcemia e cistite, foi realizada antibioticoterapia, glicose, cálcio e propilenoglicol. Optou-se pela indução do parto. Após 24 horas, nasceu um bezerro saudável de 52kg e a placenta foi expelida 16 horas após o parto. A vaca e o bezerro receberam alta no sexto dia de internação, sem recidivas ou complicações secundárias após o tratamento.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Bexiga Urinária/anormalidades , Doenças dos Bovinos , Cistite/veterinária , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: In dogs with bacterial cystitis that is resistant to multiple antibiotics, resulting from repeated infections andantimicrobial administration, especially if the dog has impaired renal function and the induction of systemic side effectsby intravenous or oral administration is a concern, intravesical instillation of antibiotics might represent an alternativetreatment option. In human and veterinary medicine, a number of studies showed intravesical instillation of antibiotics iseffective for the therapy multidrug-resistant bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI). This report firstly illustrates successfulintravesical meropenem treatment of a UTI caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli with no systemic side effectsin dog with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Case: A 15-year-old spayed female Maltese was presented with recurrent bacterial cystitis. The risk factors for the recurrent UTI were spinal cord injury and CKD which had been managed for 1 year. Ultrasound-guided cystocentesis wasperformed to obtain a urine sample for urinalysis, bacteriologic culture, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Bacterialcystitis caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli was diagnosed on the basis of bacterial culture, and antimicrobialsusceptibility testing. Because the dog had CKD, reducing the clearance of meropenem, intravesical instillation of antibiotics was initiated. The intravesical instillation process consisted of the emptying of the urinary bladder, infusion of adiluted meropenem solution (8.5 mg/kg diluted in 20 mL of saline solution) into the bladder through a urethral catheter,and retention of the meropenem solution in the bladder for 1 h, and its removal. The procedure was repeated every 8 h. Onday 8 of the intravesical instillation therapy, bactereologic culture yielded a growth of E. coli (50,000 CFUs/mL), whichwas less than previously obtained. the concentration of the meropenem solution...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Cistite/terapia , Cistite/veterinária , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/veterinária , Escherichia coli , Meropeném , Administração Intravesical , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Doenças Urológicas/veterináriaAssuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cães , Pielonefrite/veterinária , Doenças Uretrais/veterinária , Sistema Urinário/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Cistite/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidronefrose/veterinária , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassomRESUMO
Background: In dogs with bacterial cystitis that is resistant to multiple antibiotics, resulting from repeated infections andantimicrobial administration, especially if the dog has impaired renal function and the induction of systemic side effectsby intravenous or oral administration is a concern, intravesical instillation of antibiotics might represent an alternativetreatment option. In human and veterinary medicine, a number of studies showed intravesical instillation of antibiotics iseffective for the therapy multidrug-resistant bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI). This report firstly illustrates successfulintravesical meropenem treatment of a UTI caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli with no systemic side effectsin dog with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Case: A 15-year-old spayed female Maltese was presented with recurrent bacterial cystitis. The risk factors for the recurrent UTI were spinal cord injury and CKD which had been managed for 1 year. Ultrasound-guided cystocentesis wasperformed to obtain a urine sample for urinalysis, bacteriologic culture, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Bacterialcystitis caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli was diagnosed on the basis of bacterial culture, and antimicrobialsusceptibility testing. Because the dog had CKD, reducing the clearance of meropenem, intravesical instillation of antibiotics was initiated. The intravesical instillation process consisted of the emptying of the urinary bladder, infusion of adiluted meropenem solution (8.5 mg/kg diluted in 20 mL of saline solution) into the bladder through a urethral catheter,and retention of the meropenem solution in the bladder for 1 h, and its removal. The procedure was repeated every 8 h. Onday 8 of the intravesical instillation therapy, bactereologic culture yielded a growth of E. coli (50,000 CFUs/mL), whichwas less than previously obtained. the concentration of the meropenem solution...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Cistite/terapia , Cistite/veterinária , Escherichia coli , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/veterinária , Meropeném , Administração Intravesical , Doenças Urológicas/veterinária , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana MúltiplaRESUMO
Background: Biofilms have been reported as important virulent markers associated with drug resistance in urinary tractinfections (UTIs) in humans and dogs. However, in veterinary medicine, researches involving biofilm formation, treatments and preventions have been limited; yet, it is still possible to find few studies demonstrating biofilm-forming bacteriaassociated with different comorbidities such as otitis, wound infections, UTIs, and endometritis. These studies generallyselect dogs with chronic and recurrent infections, which could be an important factor in antibiotic resistance. We aimed toevaluate biofilms in sporadic cystitis regarding prevalence and drug resistance.Materials, Methods & Results: Urine samples were collected by cystocentesis from 36 client-owned dogs under clinicaland laboratory suspicion of non-recurrent urinary bladder infection (cystitis). Urine was aseptically plated onto bloodagar, MacConkey, and CLED, followed by incubation for 24 to 48 h. Definitive identification of a potential pathogen wasmade by subculture collected from an isolated colony to obtain a pure culture. The gram staining method and specificbiochemical tests (phenol red fermentation, lysine, phenylalanine, citrate, sulfide-indole-motility, and urease) were usedto distinguish and classify the bacteria. After identification, the bacteria were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by astandard disk diffusion method, using the following antimicrobials: amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, cefazolin, cephalothin, erythromycin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, and sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim. The biofilm-forming ability was determined based on a culture...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Biofilmes , Cistite/veterinária , Sistema Urinário/virologia , Farmacorresistência ViralRESUMO
Study's aims were to characterize subclinical bacteriuria (SB) and sporadic bacterial cystitis (SBC) in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism (HC). Prospective cross-sectional design divided patients as newly diagnosed (nâ¯=â¯27), poorly controlled (n â¯=â¯21), well controlled (n â¯=â¯34), and controls (n â¯=â¯19). Urine culture positive results were identified by MALDI-TOF and submitted to antibiogram. Escherichia coli was the most common microorganism (36%). The majority of positive cultures in HC were SB (12.2%). All 4.1% SBC cases were in well controlled HC cases. Bacteriuria correlated with low urine specific gravity and low lymphocyte count. HC degree of control correlated with leukocyturia. SB/SBC cases were treated based in antimicrobial susceptibility leading to microbiological cure in 75% of HC cases. Persistent infections occurred only in SB cases, all by E. coli which became more resistant. SB/SBC prevalence in canine HC is actually lower. Further evidence for current ISCAID guideline contraindication for SB treatment due to HC were provided.
Assuntos
Bacteriúria , Síndrome de Cushing , Cistite , Doenças do Cão , Infecções Urinárias , Animais , Bacteriúria/epidemiologia , Bacteriúria/veterinária , Estudos Transversais , Síndrome de Cushing/veterinária , Cistite/epidemiologia , Cistite/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Escherichia coli , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções Urinárias/veterináriaRESUMO
Bacterial resistance is a reality in both human and veterinary health, it limits the therapeutic arsenal and raises the costs of the patient's treatment. A dog with signs of cystitis received treatment with 5mg/kg enrofloxacin at three consecutive times, with low effectiveness. The presence of urethral uroliths was identified and urohydropulsion was done. The animal presented a new obstruction, for which a cystotomy was performed, but continued with signs of infection. Uroculture and antimicrobial susceptibility test were then performed. Escherichia coli was identified, which was resistant to 13 antibiotics, being sensitive only to piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin. In the screening test for ß-lactamase, the production of ESßL was detected. The qPCR indicated the presence of the bla CTXm, bla DHA, bla OXA, bla IMP, bla TEM, bla GIM, bla SIM, bla SPM and bla SME genes, which may lead to a phenotypic resistance profile for ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, aztreonam, cefepime cefoxitin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam. This case reaffirms the value that laboratory analysis adds to the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis and urolithiasis, which can define the direction of evolution of the prognosis and the speed at which the patient's health will be restored.(AU)
A resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos é uma realidade, tanto na saúde humana quanto veterinária, limita o arsenal terapêutico e eleva os custos relacionados ao tratamento do paciente. Um cão, com sinais de cistite, recebeu tratamento com enrofloxacina, na dose de 5mg/kg, em três momentos seguidos, com baixa efetividade. Identificou-se presença de urólitos uretrais e foi feita uro-hidropropulsão. O animal apresentou nova obstrução, para a qual foi realizada uma cistotomia, mas continuou com sinais de infecção. Realizou-se, então, urocultura e teste de antibiograma. Foi identificada Escherichia coli, que se mostrou resistente a 13 antibióticos, sendo sensível somente à piperacilina-tazobactam e amicacina. No teste de triagem para ß-lactamase, detectou-se a produção de ESßL. A qPCR indicou presença dos genes blaCTXm, blaDHA, blaOXA, blaIMP, blaTEM, blaGIM, blaSIM, blaSPM e blaSME, que podem conduzir um perfil fenotípico de resistência para ampicilina, amoxicilina-ácido clavulânico, aztreonam, cefepima, cefoxitina, cefuroxima, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, imipenem, piperacilina-tazobactam. Este caso reafirma o valor que a análise laboratorial agrega ao diagnóstico e tratamento da cistite e da urolitíase, podendo definir o sentido de evolução do prognóstico e a velocidade em que a saúde do paciente será restabelecia.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cistite/veterinária , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Urolitíase , Cistotomia/veterinária , EnrofloxacinaRESUMO
Bacterial resistance is a reality in both human and veterinary health, it limits the therapeutic arsenal and raises the costs of the patient's treatment. A dog with signs of cystitis received treatment with 5mg/kg enrofloxacin at three consecutive times, with low effectiveness. The presence of urethral uroliths was identified and urohydropulsion was done. The animal presented a new obstruction, for which a cystotomy was performed, but continued with signs of infection. Uroculture and antimicrobial susceptibility test were then performed. Escherichia coli was identified, which was resistant to 13 antibiotics, being sensitive only to piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin. In the screening test for ß-lactamase, the production of ESßL was detected. The qPCR indicated the presence of the bla CTXm, bla DHA, bla OXA, bla IMP, bla TEM, bla GIM, bla SIM, bla SPM and bla SME genes, which may lead to a phenotypic resistance profile for ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, aztreonam, cefepime cefoxitin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam. This case reaffirms the value that laboratory analysis adds to the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis and urolithiasis, which can define the direction of evolution of the prognosis and the speed at which the patient's health will be restored.(AU)
A resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos é uma realidade, tanto na saúde humana quanto veterinária, limita o arsenal terapêutico e eleva os custos relacionados ao tratamento do paciente. Um cão, com sinais de cistite, recebeu tratamento com enrofloxacina, na dose de 5mg/kg, em três momentos seguidos, com baixa efetividade. Identificou-se presença de urólitos uretrais e foi feita uro-hidropropulsão. O animal apresentou nova obstrução, para a qual foi realizada uma cistotomia, mas continuou com sinais de infecção. Realizou-se, então, urocultura e teste de antibiograma. Foi identificada Escherichia coli, que se mostrou resistente a 13 antibióticos, sendo sensível somente à piperacilina-tazobactam e amicacina. No teste de triagem para ß-lactamase, detectou-se a produção de ESßL. A qPCR indicou presença dos genes blaCTXm, blaDHA, blaOXA, blaIMP, blaTEM, blaGIM, blaSIM, blaSPM e blaSME, que podem conduzir um perfil fenotípico de resistência para ampicilina, amoxicilina-ácido clavulânico, aztreonam, cefepima, cefoxitina, cefuroxima, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, imipenem, piperacilina-tazobactam. Este caso reafirma o valor que a análise laboratorial agrega ao diagnóstico e tratamento da cistite e da urolitíase, podendo definir o sentido de evolução do prognóstico e a velocidade em que a saúde do paciente será restabelecia.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cistite/veterinária , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Urolitíase , Cistotomia/veterinária , EnrofloxacinaRESUMO
A doença do trato urinário inferior de felinos é importante na rotina clínica, acometendo bexiga e/ou uretra, comprometendo o bem estar. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de cistite em felino. Felino, castrado foi atendido, apresentando polaquiúria e inquietação. Foram solicitados exames complementares. A urinálise mostrou: hematúria, leucocitúria, bacteriúria e proteinúria. Os níveis de creatinina e uréia sérica apresentavam-se normais. O hemograma não revelou alteração e, a ultrassonografia, mostrou presença de cristais. Conclui-se que a cistite induz alterações clínicas e laboratoriais no animal, principalmente na urinálise. O diagnóstico precoce e terapêutico adequado foi essencial para evitar o agravamento do quadro e, futuras complicações.
Feline lower urinary tract disease is important in the clinical routine, affecting bladder and / or urethra, compromising well-being. The objective of this study was to report a case of cat cystitis. Feline, castrated was attended, presenting polaquiúria and restlessness. Further examinations were ordered. Urinalysis showed: hematuria, leukocyturia, bacteriuria, proethinuria. Serum creatinine and urea levels were normal. The hemogram showed no alteration and, on ultrasonography, showed crystals. It is concluded that cystitis induces clinical and laboratory changes in the animal, mainly urinalysis. Adequate early diagnosis and therapy were essential to avoid aggravation of the condition and future complications.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cistite/diagnóstico , Cistite/terapia , Cistite/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterinária , Urinálise/veterináriaRESUMO
A doença do trato urinário inferior de felinos é importante na rotina clínica, acometendo bexiga e/ou uretra, comprometendo o bem estar. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de cistite em felino. Felino, castrado foi atendido, apresentando polaquiúria e inquietação. Foram solicitados exames complementares. A urinálise mostrou: hematúria, leucocitúria, bacteriúria e proteinúria. Os níveis de creatinina e uréia sérica apresentavam-se normais. O hemograma não revelou alteração e, a ultrassonografia, mostrou presença de cristais. Conclui-se que a cistite induz alterações clínicas e laboratoriais no animal, principalmente na urinálise. O diagnóstico precoce e terapêutico adequado foi essencial para evitar o agravamento do quadro e, futuras complicações. (AU)
Feline lower urinary tract disease is important in the clinical routine, affecting bladder and / or urethra, compromising well-being. The objective of this study was to report a case of cat cystitis. Feline, castrated was attended, presenting polaquiúria and restlessness. Further examinations were ordered. Urinalysis showed: hematuria, leukocyturia, bacteriuria, proethinuria. Serum creatinine and urea levels were normal. The hemogram showed no alteration and, on ultrasonography, showed crystals. It is concluded that cystitis induces clinical and laboratory changes in the animal, mainly urinalysis. Adequate early diagnosis and therapy were essential to avoid aggravation of the condition and future complications.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cistite/diagnóstico , Cistite/terapia , Cistite/veterinária , Urinálise/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
A cistite idiopática felina é uma doença inflamatória estéril crônica que não esta limitada somente as anormalidades relacionadas à bexiga e uretra. Sua fisiopatogenia ainda não está totalmente esclarecida e é a causa de base mais comum em gatos com Doença do Trato Urinário Inferior dos Felinos (DTUIF). Pode ser desencadeada por situações estressantes, divididas em: comportamento social, como disputa territorial, estado físico, como imunossupressão e ambiental, como alterações na rotina e ambiente do gato. É necessária uma ótima comunicação ao tutor sobre a necessidade de medidas de manejo a longo prazo, para auxiliar no bem-estar do paciente, uso de analgésicos, enriquecimento ambiental e em alguns casos pode ser necessário o uso outros fármacos para amenizar os quadros agudos ou crônicos. A Modificação Ambiental Multimodal (MEMO) por ser uma abordagem multifatorial, é a mais indicada pois melhora a qualidade de vida e bem-estar do gato, e deve ser utilizada antes da administração de fármacos. Juntamente a esta terapia, indica-se a introdução de dieta úmida com o objetivo de aumentar a ingestão hídrica, e consequentemente aumentar a diluição da urina. Medicamentos devem ser administrados somente quando todas as outras terapias não obtiveram uma resposta positiva. Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo descrever as terapias que podem ser utilizados na cistite idiopática felina.(AU)
Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is not limited only to abnormalities related to the bladder and urethra. Its pathophysiology is still not fully understood and is the most common cause in cats with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). It can be triggered by stressful situations, divided into: social behavior, such as territorial dispute, physical state, such as immunosuppression and environmental, such as changes in the cats routine and environment. Adequate communication to the tutor is needed on the need for long-term management measures to assist patient well-being, use of analgesics, environmental enrichment, and in some cases it may be necessary to use other drugs to ameliorate acute or chronic diseases. The Multimodal Environmental Modification (MEMO), because it is a multifactorial approach, is the most indicated because it improves the quality of life and well-being of the cat, and should be used before the administration of drugs. Along with this therapy, the introduction of wet diet is indicated with the aim of increasing water intake, and consequently increasing the dilution of urine. Medications should be given only when all other therapies have not received a positive response. This literature review aims to describe the therapies that can be used in feline idiopathic cystitis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cistite/terapia , Cistite/veterinária , Doenças do Gato , Sistema Urinário/patologiaRESUMO
A cistite idiopática felina é uma doença inflamatória estéril crônica que não esta limitada somente as anormalidades relacionadas à bexiga e uretra. Sua fisiopatogenia ainda não está totalmente esclarecida e é a causa de base mais comum em gatos com Doença do Trato Urinário Inferior dos Felinos (DTUIF). Pode ser desencadeada por situações estressantes, divididas em: comportamento social, como disputa territorial, estado físico, como imunossupressão e ambiental, como alterações na rotina e ambiente do gato. É necessária uma ótima comunicação ao tutor sobre a necessidade de medidas de manejo a longo prazo, para auxiliar no bem-estar do paciente, uso de analgésicos, enriquecimento ambiental e em alguns casos pode ser necessário o uso outros fármacos para amenizar os quadros agudos ou crônicos. A Modificação Ambiental Multimodal (MEMO) por ser uma abordagem multifatorial, é a mais indicada pois melhora a qualidade de vida e bem-estar do gato, e deve ser utilizada antes da administração de fármacos. Juntamente a esta terapia, indica-se a introdução de dieta úmida com o objetivo de aumentar a ingestão hídrica, e consequentemente aumentar a diluição da urina. Medicamentos devem ser administrados somente quando todas as outras terapias não obtiveram uma resposta positiva. Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo descrever as terapias que podem ser utilizados na cistite idiopática felina.
Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is not limited only to abnormalities related to the bladder and urethra. Its pathophysiology is still not fully understood and is the most common cause in cats with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). It can be triggered by stressful situations, divided into: social behavior, such as territorial dispute, physical state, such as immunosuppression and environmental, such as changes in the cats routine and environment. Adequate communication to the tutor is needed on the need for long-term management measures to assist patient well-being, use of analgesics, environmental enrichment, and in some cases it may be necessary to use other drugs to ameliorate acute or chronic diseases. The Multimodal Environmental Modification (MEMO), because it is a multifactorial approach, is the most indicated because it improves the quality of life and well-being of the cat, and should be used before the administration of drugs. Along with this therapy, the introduction of wet diet is indicated with the aim of increasing water intake, and consequently increasing the dilution of urine. Medications should be given only when all other therapies have not received a positive response. This literature review aims to describe the therapies that can be used in feline idiopathic cystitis.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cistite/terapia , Cistite/veterinária , Doenças do Gato , Sistema Urinário/patologiaRESUMO
A cistite enfisematosa (CE) se trata de um acúmulo intraluminal de gás na vesícula urinária, proveniente da fermentação de substratos presentes na urina por microorganismos, como bactérias e fungos. Tal condição é relativamente rara e de ocorrência mais comum em pacientes que excretam de forma anormal glicose na urina, como por exemplo, em pacientes diabéticos. Relata-se no presente trabalho um caso de CE em uma paciente não diabética.(AU)
The emphysematous cystitis is an intraluminal accumulation of gas in the urinary vesicle, resulting from the fermentation of substrates present in the urine by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Such a condition is relatively rare and more common in patients who have abnormal urine glucose excretion, such as in diabetic patients. The present study reports a case of CE in a non-diabetic patient.(AU)
La cistitis enfisematosa se trata de una acumulación intraluminal de gas en la vesícula urinaria, proveniente de la fermentación de sustratos presentes en la orina por microorganismos, como bacterias y hongos. Esta condición es relativamente rara y de ocurrencia más común en pacientes que excretan de forma anormal glucosa en la orina, como por ejemplo, en pacientes diabéticos. Se relata en el presente trabajo un caso de CE en una paciente no diabética.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Cistite/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistite/veterinária , Colecistite Enfisematosa/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
A cistite enfisematosa (CE) se trata de um acúmulo intraluminal de gás na vesícula urinária, proveniente da fermentação de substratos presentes na urina por microorganismos, como bactérias e fungos. Tal condição é relativamente rara e de ocorrência mais comum em pacientes que excretam de forma anormal glicose na urina, como por exemplo, em pacientes diabéticos. Relata-se no presente trabalho um caso de CE em uma paciente não diabética.
The emphysematous cystitis is an intraluminal accumulation of gas in the urinary vesicle, resulting from the fermentation of substrates present in the urine by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Such a condition is relatively rare and more common in patients who have abnormal urine glucose excretion, such as in diabetic patients. The present study reports a case of CE in a non-diabetic patient.
La cistitis enfisematosa se trata de una acumulación intraluminal de gas en la vesícula urinaria, proveniente de la fermentación de sustratos presentes en la orina por microorganismos, como bacterias y hongos. Esta condición es relativamente rara y de ocurrencia más común en pacientes que excretan de forma anormal glucosa en la orina, como por ejemplo, en pacientes diabéticos. Se relata en el presente trabajo un caso de CE en una paciente no diabética.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Cistite/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistite/veterinária , Colecistite Enfisematosa/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Urinary tract infection in dogs is usually associated with the presence of bacteria, with a higher prevalenceof Gram-negative bacteria, represented mainly by enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Proteus spp., followed byGram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. There are scant reports of Salmonella spp.as the causative agent of urinary tract infection in dogs. Indeed, the literature describes only a few cases, most of whichinvolve the isolation of these bacteria in feces. This paper reports a case of canine cystitis caused by Salmonella entericasubsp. enterica in the northeast region of Brazil.Case: A female dog of the Fila Brasileiro breed, about 9 year-old, wormed but unvaccinated, was evaluated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco - UFRPE. The dog showed clinical signs of apathy, cachexia,polyphagia, polyuria and opacity of the crystalline lens. The dogs owner stated that the animal was fed with commercialdog food. In the clinical exam, the patient presented pale mucosa, cachexia, absence of ectoparasites, and her rectal temperature was 39.5°C. Moreover, cardiorespiratory auscultation of the patient revealed tachycardia (190 bpm) and tachypnea (36 bpm). The owners main complaint was the clinical condition of frequent urination (polyuria). A urinalysis andurine culture with antibiogram were requested as complementary exams, after collecting the urine by cystocentesis. Thevolume obtained in the physical examination of urinalysis was 7 mL of yellow urine with a putrid smell, cloudy appearance and density of 1.024. The chemical examination revealed pH 6.5, protein (+++), bilirubin (+), normal urobilinogenand negative reactions for glycoses, ketone, nitrite and urine occult blood. Bacteriuria and pyuria were detected in a urinesediment test. Urine was cultured on blood agar and Levine agar in a bacteriological incubator at 37°C under aerobiosis,for 24 h...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Cistite/veterinária , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , Salmonelose Animal/diagnóstico , Sistema Urinário/patologiaRESUMO
Relata-se um caso de cistite flegmonosa severa, ou cistite purulenta, decorrente de infecção por bactérias em uma fêmea da espécie ca-nina, da raça dachshund, com nove anos de idade, apresentando disúria há aproximadamente uma semana. Exames bioquímicos foram realizados, além de análise de cálculo e exame de ultrassonografia abdominal. Os exames de bioquímica não apresentaram alterações. A análise de cálculos apresentou carbonato de cálcio/urato. A confirma-ção do diagnóstico foi obtida pela ultrassonografia com a visualização de uma área de aspecto heterogêneo, hipoecogênico e hiperecogê-nico em região caudal à bexiga. O animal passou por cirurgia, na qual foi retirada uma massa aderida à bexiga, e encaminhada para exame histológico, resultando em perda de revestimento epitelial e severa infiltração leucocitária. Este relato salienta a importância do diagnóstico, que pode ser realizado com o emprego de exames laboratoriais e exames de imagem, como importantes auxiliares.(AU)
A case of severe phlegmonous cystitis or purulent cystitis due to bacterial infection is reported in a 9-year-old female dog of the Dachshund breed, presenting dysuria about a week ago. Biochemical examinations were performed, besides calculation analysis and abdominal ultrasound examination. The biochemistry exams did not present alterations. Calculation analysis showed calcium carbonate/urate. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography in which a heterogeneous, hypoechogenic and hyperechogenic aspect was seen in the caudal region of the bladder. The animal underwent surgery, in which a mass adhered to the bladder was removed and sent for histological examination, resulting in loss of epithelial lining and severe leukocyte infiltration. This report emphasizes the importance of diagnosis, which can be performed through laboratory and imaging tests as important auxiliaries.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cistite/classificação , Cistite/diagnóstico , Cistite/veterinária , Cães/anormalidades , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
A cistite idiopática felina (CIF) é uma enfermidade que comumente afeta gatos domiciliados, sendo uma das principais causas da doença do trato urinário inferior (DTUIF). O objetivo dessa revisão de literatura é abordar os aspectos gerais sobre a CIF, dados atuais sobre a epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, formas de diagnóstico e terapia, indicados para essa patologia que tanto acomete os felinos. As causas da CIF são pouco conhecidas e sua fisiopatologia é incerta, envolvendo associação entre estímulos estressantes e a resposta do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal e sistema nervoso simpático em gatos susceptíveis. Durante o desenvolvimento do quadro clínico a CIF caracteriza-se pela presença de sinais clínicos recorrentes como periúria, hematúria, disúria, estrangúria, polaquiúria, anúria, anorexia, hiporexia, êmese, apatia, diarreia, isolamento, lambedura excessiva na região perineal e abdome caudal, bem como a remoção de pelos da cauda. O diagnóstico é realizado através de anamnese, sinais clínicos, investigação detalhada através de exames laboratoriais e de imagem que possibilitem a exclusão de outras causas de DTUIF. O tratamento tem como objetivo reduzir a gravidade dos sinais clínicos e aumentar o intervalo entre a ocorrência dos quadros clínicos e, devido à sua fisiopatologia multifatorial, torna-se interessante realizar um tratamento multimodal. Assim, a terapêutica torna-se variável conforme os sinais clínicos apresentados pelo paciente, visando principalmente, o restabelecimento do fluxo urinário e analgesia. Além disso, devem ser realizadas melhores adaptações ao manejo do animal, bem como a adoção de medidas que aumentem a ingestão hídrica e minimizar fatores estressantes que possam contribuir para recorrência do quadro clínico.(AU)
Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a common disease found in domiciled cats, being one of the main causes of lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). The purpose of this review is to address the general aspects of CIF, current data on the indicated epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy indicated for this pathology that affects both felines. Its causes are poorly understood and its pathophysiology is uncertain, involving the association between stressful stimuli and the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system in susceptible cats. During the development of the disease, FIC is characterized by the presence of recurrent clinical signs - periuria, hematuria, dysuria, strangury, polaquiuria, anuria, anorexia, hyporexia, emesis, apathy, diarrhea, isolation, excessive licking in the perineal region and caudal abdomen , as well as the removal of tail hairs. The diagnosis is made through anamnesis, clinical signs and detailed investigation through laboratorial and imaging exams that allow the exclusion of other causes of LUTD. The treatment aims to reduce the severity of clinical signs and increase the interval between the occurrence of clinical conditions and, due to its multifactor pathophysiology, it is interesting to perform a multimodal treatment. Thus, the therapy is variable according to the clinical signs presented by the patient aiming, mainly, the reestablishment of the urinary flow and analgesia. In addition, better adaptations to animal management should be made such as the adoption of measures that increase water intake and minimize stressors that may contribute to recurrence of the clinical picture. Keywords: Cat, lower urinary tract disease, stress, multimodal treatment.(AU)