Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Substitutos Ósseos/química , Cerâmica/química , Colágeno/química , Magnésio/química , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/metabolismo , Regeneração Óssea , Substitutos Ósseos/metabolismo , Cerâmica/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/química , Magnésio/metabolismo , Masculino , Fenômenos Mecânicos , Modelos Animais , Osteogênese , Polimetil Metacrilato/síntese química , Polimetil Metacrilato/metabolismo , Próteses e Implantes , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Engenharia TecidualRESUMO
The interest around bioactive glass-ceramics (GCs) has grown significantly over the last two decades due to their appropriate biochemical and mechanical properties. The intense research effort in this field has led to some new commercial products for biomedical applications. This review article begins with the basic concepts of GC processing and development via controlled heat treatments of monolithic pieces or sinter-crystallization of powdered glasses. We then go on to describe the processing, properties, and applications of some commercial bioactive GCs and discuss selected valuable reported researches on several promising types of bioactive GCs. The article finishes with a section on open relevant research directions for bioactive GC development.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Cerâmica/química , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/metabolismo , Cerâmica/metabolismo , Vidro/química , Humanos , Hidroxiapatitas/química , Hidroxiapatitas/metabolismo , Teste de Materiais , Próteses e ImplantesRESUMO
Several biomaterials have been widely used in bone regeneration/substitution procedures in orthopedic and oral surgery. However, how these biomaterials alter osteoblast gene expression is poorly understood. We therefore attempted to address this question by using cDNA microarray technique to identify genes that are differentially regulated in osteoblasts exposed to biomaterials comprehending the biocompatibility spectrum of bioactive (bioglass and hydroxyapatite), bioinert (Ti and stainless steel), and biotolerant (polymethylmethacrylate). By using a cDNA microarray containing 687 human IMAGE sequences, we identified in primary cultures of osteoblastic cells differentiated from the human bone marrow and exposed to these biomaterials, genes whose expression was significantly upregulated or downregulated. Among the differentially expressed genes we have found those involved with cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation and proliferation, apoptosis, cell adhesion, bone mineralization and skeletal development. These results can be relevant to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the behavior of osteoblasts in bone regenerative procedures.