RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate tubular dentin sealer penetration, comparing different final irrigation protocols using a conventional needle (CONV), EndoActivator system (EAS), EndoVac system (EVS), and ultrasound (PUI). Initially, fifty-two first maxillary molars with a single canal in the palatal root, without abrupt curvatures, resorptive processes, or previous endodontic treatment were selected for this study. Then, the crowns were sectioned to obtain palatal roots 15 mm in length. The root canals were prepared with the ProTaper Universal System and irrigated with 5% NaOCl. Afterwards, the specimens were divided into four groups (n. 13), according to the final irrigation protocol: CONV, EAS, EVS, and PUI. After filling, slices at 3 mm and 5 mm from the apex were obtained for analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Two-way comparisons between the groups and the levels were performed with Games Howell's test (p < .05). Tubular dentin sealer penetration was higher at 5 mm compared with 3 mm from the apex (p < .05). The EAS group showed a higher percentage of tubular dentin sealer penetration, compared with the CONV group, at both levels. At 3 mm, there was no statistically significant difference among EAS, EVS, and PUI; however, these groups showed better performance, compared with the CONV group. At 5 mm, there was no statistically significant difference between the EAS and EVS groups, but both showed higher sealer penetration than the PUI group (p < .05). The EAS and EVS groups achieved better degrees of tubular dentin sealer penetration, compared with the other groups.
Assuntos
Resinas Epóxi/uso terapêutico , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Irrigação Terapêutica/métodos , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Dentina , Humanos , Microscopia Confocal , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodosRESUMO
Introducción: la comunicación científica se realiza a través de la publicación de artículos en revistas especializadas, por este motivo, el estudio cuantificado de las revistas conocido, como bibliometría, constituye un método que permite evaluar el desarrollo científico. Objetivo: determinar las características de la producción científica que trate el tema de endodoncia en las revistas médicas cubanas, hasta el presente. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 22 116 artículos, y la muestra por todos los artículos relacionados con la endodoncia (25 artículos) publicados por autores cubanos en revistas cubanas de ciencias médicas hasta el año 2014. Se incluyeron todos los artículos sin establecer preferencia por el idiomaLa búsqueda se realizó a través de SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, y servicio SCAD. Los descriptores emplearon fueron: endodoncia, tratamiento conducto radicular, terapia(s) pulpar(es) y combinaciones entre ellos. Resultados: de los 25 artículos referidos al tema endodoncia 4 eran de los últimos 5 años. Se halló 3 autores por artículo (32 por ciento). La mayoría de los autores (24 por ciento) pertenecía a la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana. Entre los artículos, 83,3 por ciento eran originales. Predominan los artículos sobre terapéuticas (40 por ciento). Conclusiones: la producción científica cubana en la temática endodóntica es escasa. La revista que más ha publicado artículos referidos al tema es la Revista Cubana de Estomatología. Las terapéuticas han sido las temáticas más tratados. La institución que más ha aportado al tema es la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana(AU)
Introduction: scientific communication materializes through the publication of papers in specialized journals. This is the reason why the quantitative study of journals, known as bibliometry, is a method allowing to evaluate scientific development. Objective: determine the characteristics of scientific production about endodontics in Cuban medical journals until the present moment. Methods: a cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted. The study universe was composed of 22 116 papers. The study sample was all the papers about endodontics (25 papers) published by Cuban authors in Cuban medical journals until the year 2014. All papers were included irrespective of the language in which they were written. The search was conducted in SciELO, the Virtual Health Library and the SCAD service. The search terms used were endodontics, root canal treatment, pulp therapy(ies) and combinations thereof. Results: of the 25 papers about endodontics, four had been published in the last five years. The number of authors per paper was three (32 percent). Most authors (24 percent) were from the School of Dentistry of Havana. 83.3 percent of the sample were original papers. There was a predominance of papers about therapeutics (40 percent). Conclusions: cuban scientific production on endodontics is scarce. The publication with the largest number of papers on the subject is the Cuban Journal of Dentistry. Therapies are the most common topic. The most productive institution is the School of Dentistry of Havana(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Artigo de Revista , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Endodontia , Bibliometria , Publicações Seriadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudo ObservacionalRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: During warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha, root canal sealers with different chemical compositions absorb the heat generated inside the root canal. The aim of this research was to assess physicochemical modifications of sealers subjected to the System B heat source (Analytic Technology, Redmond, WA) and to evaluate the effect that the use of different sealers has on the heat transfer to the external root surface. METHODS: Three proprietary brand sealers (AH Plus [Dentsply International, Addlestone, UK], Pulp Canal Sealer [Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA], MTA Fillapex [Angelus Dental Solutions, Londrina, PR, Brazil]) and a prototype sealer based on Portland cement were assessed. The heat generated on the surfaces of System pluggers and the heat dissipation at different levels (apical, midroot, and cervical) over root surface while using different sealers was assessed using thermocouples. Data were collected in 3 different environmental conditions with the tooth suspended in air, immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution, or gelatinized Hank's balanced salt solution. Chemical changes in the sealers induced by the heat were monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of heat changes on the setting time and compressive strength of the sealers was also assessed. RESULTS: The continuous wave plugger sustained a rise in temperature at a maximum of 80°C at the instrument shank. The highest change in temperature on the external root surface was recorded after 1.5 minutes from the start of heating, and it was restored to body temperature by 6 minutes. Environmental conditions affected heat dissipation for all the sealers in the midroot and cervical regions and the highest increase in temperature (â¼60°C) recorded in air. In the midroot and cervical regions, the type of sealer used did not affect the rise in temperature. In the apical region, AH Plus obturations resulted in a greater rise in temperature, and the chemical composition of this sealer was affected by high temperature; it also induced a reduction in sealer setting time and strength. CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that surrounding conditions, such as temperature and humidity, exerted influence on heating dissipation during the continuous wave of the condensation obturation technique and that root canal sealers presented different conductive/isolating properties. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of AH Plus were negatively affected by the changes in temperature.
Assuntos
Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Obturação do Canal Radicular/métodos , Raiz Dentária/fisiologia , Ar , Compostos de Alumínio/química , Compostos de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Compostos de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Força Compressiva , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Transferência de Energia , Resinas Epóxi/química , Resinas Epóxi/uso terapêutico , Guta-Percha/química , Guta-Percha/uso terapêutico , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Soluções Isotônicas , Teste de Materiais , Óxidos/química , Óxidos/uso terapêutico , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Obturação do Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Silicatos/química , Silicatos/uso terapêutico , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Termômetros , Fatores de Tempo , Ápice Dentário/fisiologia , Viscosidade , Cimento de Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol/química , Cimento de Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
This study evaluated the temperature variation in the pulp chamber during photoactivation of two restorative composite resins (Filtek P90 silorane-based composite and Heliomolar methacrylate-based composite) with either a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) or light-emitting diodes (LED) light-curing unit (LCU) and using dentin thicknesses (0.5 and 1.0 mm). Standardized cavities (2x2x2 mm) were prepared in 80 bovine incisors, which were randomly assigned to 8 groups according to the photoactivation method and dentin thickness. Filtek P90 and Heliomolar (both in shade A3) were used with their respective adhesive systems (P90 self-etch primer / P90 adhesive bond and Excite adhesive). All experiments were carried out in a controlled environment (37°C). The temperature variations (°C) were recorded using a digital thermometer attached to a K-type thermocouple. The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). For composite/dentin thickness interaction, temperature increase was significantly higher in 0.5 mm dentin thickness (40.07°C) compared with 1.0 mm dentin thickness (39.61°C) for Filtek P90. For composite/LCU interaction, the temperature increase was significantly higher for Filtek P90 (39.21°C - QTH and 40.47°C - LED) compared with Heliomolar (38.40°C - QTH and 39.30°C - LED). The silorane-based composite promoted higher temperature increase in the pulp chamber than the methacrylate-based composite.
Assuntos
Resinas Acrílicas/química , Resinas Compostas/química , Lâmpadas de Polimerização Dentária/classificação , Materiais Dentários/química , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Poliuretanos/química , Resinas de Silorano/química , Animais , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Bovinos , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária/métodos , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Temperatura Alta , Cura Luminosa de Adesivos Dentários/instrumentação , Teste de Materiais , Metacrilatos/química , Polimerização , Distribuição Aleatória , TermômetrosRESUMO
This study evaluated the temperature variation in the pulp chamber during photoactivation of two restorative composite resins (Filtek P90 silorane-based composite and Heliomolar methacrylate-based composite) with either a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) or light-emitting diodes (LED) light-curing unit (LCU) and using dentin thicknesses (0.5 and 1.0 mm). Standardized cavities (2x2x2 mm) were prepared in 80 bovine incisors, which were randomly assigned to 8 groups according to the photoactivation method and dentin thickness. Filtek P90 and Heliomolar (both in shade A3) were used with their respective adhesive systems (P90 self-etch primer / P90 adhesive bond and Excite adhesive). All experiments were carried out in a controlled environment (37°C). The temperature variations (°C) were recorded using a digital thermometer attached to a K-type thermocouple. The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). For composite/dentin thickness interaction, temperature increase was significantly higher in 0.5 mm dentin thickness (40.07°C) compared with 1.0 mm dentin thickness (39.61°C) for Filtek P90. For composite/LCU interaction, the temperature increase was significantly higher for Filtek P90 (39.21°C - QTH and 40.47°C - LED) compared with Heliomolar (38.40°C - QTH and 39.30°C - LED). The silorane-based composite promoted higher temperature increase in the pulp chamber than the methacrylate-based composite.
Este estudo avaliou a variação de temperatura na câmara pulpar durante a fotoativação de duas resinas compostas (Filtek P90 – compósito à base de silorano e Heliomolar – compósito à base de metacrilato) com as unidades foto-ativadoras (UFs) luz de quartzo-tungstênio-halogênio (QTH) ou diodo emissor de luz (LED) e utilizando espessuras de dentina (0,5 e 1,0 mm). Cavidades padronizadas (2×2×2 mm) foram preparadas em 80 incisivos bovinos, as quais foram aleatoriamente divididas em 8 grupos de acordo com os métodos de fotoativação e espessura da dentina. Filtek P90 e Heliomolar (ambos na cor A3) foram utilizadas com seus respectivos sistemas adesivos (Primer P90 auto-condicionante / adesivo P90 e adesivo Excite). Todos os experimentos foram realizados em um ambiente controlado (37°C). As variações de temperatura (°C) foram mensuradas usando um termômetro digital conectado a um termopar tipo-K. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Para interação compósito/espessura de dentina, o aumento da temperatura foi estatisticamente superior para a espessura de dentina de 0,5 mm (40,07°C) quando comparado com a espessura de dentina de 1,0 mm (39,61°C) para a Filtek P90. Para a interação compósito/UFs, o aumento de temperatura foi estatisticamente superior para o Filtek P90 (39,21°C – QTH e 40,47°C – LED) quando comparado ao Heliomolar (38,40°C – QTH e 39,30°C – LED). Compósitos à base de silorano promovem maior aumento da temperatura na câmara pulpar em relação aos compósitos à base de metacrilato.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Resinas Compostas/química , Lâmpadas de Polimerização Dentária/classificação , Materiais Dentários/química , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Poliuretanos/química , Resinas de Silorano/química , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária/métodos , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Temperatura Alta , Cura Luminosa de Adesivos Dentários/instrumentação , Teste de Materiais , Metacrilatos/química , Polimerização , Distribuição Aleatória , TermômetrosRESUMO
Objetivo: luego de la extirpación de la pulpa, el procedimiento de regeneración pulpar, inducido por un coágulo sanguíneo apical dentro de los conductos radicualres con ápices incompletamente formados, ha sido experimentado. El objetivo de este estudio piloto fue investigar si este mismo proceso se produce al utilizar el conducto distal del primer molar inferior de la rata como modelo experimental. Materiales y métodos: se realizaron biopulpectomías totales en el conducto distal del primer molar inferior derecho en diez ratas Wistar macho que presentaban sus ápices incompletamente calcificados. El primer molar inferior izquierdo no fue intervenido y se utilizó como control negativo. Se provocó una hemorragia apical con el objeto de inducir la formación de un coágulo sanguíneo. El acceso coronario se obturó con resina compuesta y se obtuvieron radiografías posoperatorias inmediatas. Las mandíbulas fueron resecadas y posteriormente radiografiadas. Los primeros molares, junto con las estructuras periodontales y óseas que los rodean, fueron removidos, fijados y procesados para estudio histológico. A las 96 horas, los ápices de los dientes experimentales permanecían aún incompletamente calcificados y se observó dentro de los conductos la invaginación de un tejido de aspecto similar al periodontal, muy celular y con gran cantidad de vasos sanguíneos. Los controles revelaron un desarrollo radicular más extenso, donde se podía apreciar la presencia de la pulpa, la papila dental y numerosos odontoblastos jóvenes. A los treinta días, se observó en los dientes experimentales un desarrollo radicular casi completo y que el conducto se encontraba ocupado por tejido fibroso maduro con vasos sanguíneos. Los dientes de control presentaron un desarrollo radicular completo, con tejido pulpar normal muy vascularizado y paredes dentinarias más espesas. Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que el primer molar inferior de la rata podría constituir un modelo adecuado.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Ápice Dentário/lesões , Doenças Periapicais/terapia , Dente Molar , Regeneração , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Polpa Dentária/fisiologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Objetivo: luego de la extirpación de la pulpa, el procedimiento de regeneración pulpar, inducido por un coágulo sanguíneo apical dentro de los conductos radicualres con ápices incompletamente formados, ha sido experimentado. El objetivo de este estudio piloto fue investigar si este mismo proceso se produce al utilizar el conducto distal del primer molar inferior de la rata como modelo experimental. Materiales y métodos: se realizaron biopulpectomías totales en el conducto distal del primer molar inferior derecho en diez ratas Wistar macho que presentaban sus ápices incompletamente calcificados. El primer molar inferior izquierdo no fue intervenido y se utilizó como control negativo. Se provocó una hemorragia apical con el objeto de inducir la formación de un coágulo sanguíneo. El acceso coronario se obturó con resina compuesta y se obtuvieron radiografías posoperatorias inmediatas. Las mandíbulas fueron resecadas y posteriormente radiografiadas. Los primeros molares, junto con las estructuras periodontales y óseas que los rodean, fueron removidos, fijados y procesados para estudio histológico. A las 96 horas, los ápices de los dientes experimentales permanecían aún incompletamente calcificados y se observó dentro de los conductos la invaginación de un tejido de aspecto similar al periodontal, muy celular y con gran cantidad de vasos sanguíneos. Los controles revelaron un desarrollo radicular más extenso, donde se podía apreciar la presencia de la pulpa, la papila dental y numerosos odontoblastos jóvenes. A los treinta días, se observó en los dientes experimentales un desarrollo radicular casi completo y que el conducto se encontraba ocupado por tejido fibroso maduro con vasos sanguíneos. Los dientes de control presentaron un desarrollo radicular completo, con tejido pulpar normal muy vascularizado y paredes dentinarias más espesas. Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que el primer molar inferior de la rata podría constituir un modelo adecuado.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Regeneração , Doenças Periapicais/terapia , Dente Molar , Ápice Dentário/lesões , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Polpa Dentária/fisiologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the placement of titanium granules in fresh extraction sockets on early bone formation. The mesial roots of the third maxillary premolars of five adult beagle dogs were removed. On one side of the maxilla (Test group) the fresh extraction socket was grafted with titanium granules, while the contra-lateral socket was left non-grafted (Control group). After 1 month of healing, the dogs were euthanized and biopsies were obtained. The healing tissues were described, and histometric measurements were performed to obtain the percentage area occupied by connective tissue, new mineralized bone, bone marrow, and biomaterial particles. After 1 month of healing the findings from the histological examination revealed the titanium graft to be well incorporated into the provisional connective tissue or newly formed woven bone. The histometric measurements showed, however, that less mineralized bone was formed in the Test group than in the Control group. The present study suggests that the use of titanium granules in fresh extraction sockets was conducive to new bone formation. The graft of titanium granules seems, however, to delay the early phase of the healing process.
Assuntos
Processo Alveolar/fisiologia , Consolidação da Fratura , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Titânio , Processo Alveolar/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Bochecha/anatomia & histologia , Cavidade Pulpar/anatomia & histologia , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Cães , Tecido de Granulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/patologia , Pós , Língua/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study used the 3D finite element (FE) method to evaluate the mechanical behavior of a maxillary central incisor with three types of dowels with variable heights of the remaining crown structure, namely 0, 1, and 2 mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on computed microtomography, nine models of a maxillary central incisor restored with complete ceramic crowns were obtained, with three ferrule heights (0, 1, and 2 mm) and three types of dowels (glass fiber = GFD; nickel-chromium = NiCr; gold alloy = Au), as follows: GFD0--restored with GFD with absence (0 mm) of ferrule; GFD1--similar, with 1 mm ferrule; GFD2--glass fiber with 2 mm ferrule; NiCr0--restored with NiCr alloy dowel with absence (0 mm) of ferrule; NiCr1--similar, with 1 mm ferrule; NiCr2--similar, with 2 mm ferrule; Au0--restored with Au alloy dowel with absence (0 mm) of ferrule; Au1--similar, with 1 mm ferrule; Au2--similar, with 2 mm ferrule. A 180 N distributed load was applied to the lingual aspect of the tooth, at 45° to the tooth long axis. The surface of the periodontal ligament was fixed in the three axes (x = y = z = 0). The maximum principal stress (σ(max)), minimum principal stress (σ(min)), equivalent von Mises (σ(vM)) stress, and shear stress (σ(shear)) were calculated for the remaining crown dentin, root dentin, and dowels using the FE software. RESULTS: The σ(max) (MPa) in the crown dentin were: GFD0 = 117; NiCr0 = 30; Au0 = 64; GFD1 = 113; NiCr1 = 102; Au1 = 84; GFD2 = 102; NiCr2 = 260; Au2 = 266. The σ(max) (MPa) in the root dentin were: GFD0 = 159; NiCr0 = 151; Au0 = 158; GFD1 = 92; NiCr1 = 60; Au1 = 67; GFD2 = 97; NiCr2 = 87; Au2 = 109. CONCLUSION: The maximum stress was found for the NiCr dowel, followed by the Au dowel and GFD; teeth without ferrule are more susceptible to the occurrence of fractures in the apical root third.
Assuntos
Coroas , Materiais Dentários/química , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Técnica para Retentor Intrarradicular/instrumentação , Preparo Prostodôntico do Dente/classificação , Cerâmica/química , Ligas de Cromo/química , Resinas Compostas/química , Simulação por Computador , Esmalte Dentário/fisiologia , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Dentina/fisiologia , Módulo de Elasticidade , Vidro/química , Ligas de Ouro/química , Humanos , Incisivo , Teste de Materiais , Modelos Biológicos , Ligamento Periodontal/fisiologia , Estresse Mecânico , Ápice Dentário/fisiologia , Coroa do Dente/fisiologia , Raiz Dentária/fisiologia , Dente não Vital/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
No sentido de colaborar com o estudo da redução de microrganismos em Endodontia, foi realizada uma análise crítica dos modelos metodológicos in vivo sobre as técnicas moleculares utilizadas na avaliação da microbiota endodôntica e na capacidade de medir a antissepsia que o tratamento endodôntico proporciona. Desta maneira, os trabalhos foram agrupados de acordo com a proposta do presente estudo. Na análise critica e comparativa, pode-se observar uma grande variedade de métodos moleculares aplicados nos estudos, sendo que o mais utilizado nos ensaios para avaliação da microbiota foi o PCR. Havia estudos que utilizavam uma combinação de vários métodos onde foi possível identificar microrganismos ainda não conhecidos. Nos ensaios que utilizam iniciadores universais e que se valem da identificação de microrganismos através do DNA, foram listados de maneira a poder observar que o iniciador universal formado pela seguinte cadeia de oligonucleotídeos: F: 5- AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG-3/R: 5-ACG GCT ACC TTG TTA CGA CTT-3 foi o mais descrito pela literatura.
In order to collaborate with the study of disinfection in Endodontics, was performed a study of critical methodological models in vivo on the molecular techniques used in the evaluation of endodontic microbiota and the ability to measure the disinfection capacity of endodontic treatment. Thus, the studies were grouped according to the purpose of this study. Under in critical and comparative analysis its can be seen a wide variety of molecular techniques used in the studies, and as used in the tests was to evaluate the microbial PCR studies using a combination of various methods which could be identified microorganisms has not known. In assays using universal primers which rely on the identification of microorganisms using the DNA, were listed as to be able to observe that the universal primer chain formed by the following primers: F: 5'-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG-3 '/ R: 5'-ACG GCT ACC TTG TTA CGA CTT-3' was as described in the literature.
Assuntos
Bacteriologia , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Desinfecção , Endodontia/métodos , Tratamento do Canal RadicularRESUMO
Introdução: O presente estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar comparativamente in vitro a resistência à fratura radicular de dentes tratados endodonticamente, usando diferentes materiais obturadores: AH Plus (Dentsply/De Trey, Alemanha), Real Seal (Sybron Endo, EUA), GuttaFlow (Coltène/Whaledent, Suíça) , ActiV GP (Brasseler, EUA) e Thermafil (Dentsply-Tulsa Dental, EUA). Métodos: Sessenta e quatro pré-molares inferiores foram divididos em Grupo-controle (n=4), onde as raízes não foram nem instrumentadas nem obturadas e outros 5 grupos de acordo com os materiais obturadores empregados: Grupo AH Plus (n=12); Grupo Real Seal (n=12); Grupo GuttaFlow (n=12); Grupo ActiV GP (n=12); Grupo Thermafil (n=12). As raízes foram instrumentadas com o sistema Protaper Universal (Dentsply-Maillefer, Suíça), e em seguida foram obturadas com os respectivos materiais. Após a obturação, todos os espécimes foram armazenados a 37ºC com 100% de umidade por 72 horas e incluídos em resina acrílica. Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à fratura em uma máquina de ensaios triaxiais (1,0mm/min). Resultados: Os valores médios obtidos e o desvio-padrão (em Newtons) em ordem decrescente foram: Grupo-controle û 394,25 ± 56,17 N; Grupo ActiV GP û 263 ± 89,32 N; Grupo Thermafil û 198,17 ± 61,65 N; Grupo AH Plus û 158,08 ± 31,56 N; Grupo Real Seal û 154,92 ± 42,64 N e Grupo GuttaFlow û 107,92 ± 20,72 N. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Dunett (5%). Conclusões: Dentre os grupos experimentais, as raízes obturadas com ActiV GP mostraram-se mais resistentesà força vertical aplicada, porém similares aos grupos controle e Thermafil. Os grupos AH Plus, RealSeal e Thermafil mostraram-se similares estatisticamente quanto à resistência à fratura. O grupo GuttaFlow apresentou menores valores médios de resistência à fratura.
Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro vertical fracture resistance of endodonticallytreated teeth using different root filling materials: AH Plus (Dentsply/De Trey, Germany), Real Seal (SybronEndo, EUA), GuttaFlow (Coltène/Whaledent, Swiss) , ActiV GP (Brasseler, EUA) and Thermafil (Dentsply-Tulsa Dental, EUA). Methods: Sixty four single-rooted human lower premolar were assigned into a Control Group (n=4), where the roots were not prepared or filled, and five experimental groups (n=12) according to the root filling materials: Group AH Plus; Group Real Seal; Group GuttaFlow; Group ActiV GP; Group Thermafil. The roots were prepared using Protaper Universal system (Dentsply-Maillefer, Swiss) and filled with one of the root filling materials. Then, the specimens were stored at 37ºC at 100% humidity for 72 hours and included in acrylic resin. The specimens were submitted to a vertical fracture resistance using a triaxial testing machine (1,0mm/min). Results: The values (Newton) and standard deviations obtained were: Control Group û 394,25 ± 56,17N; Group ActiV GP û 263 ± 89,32N; Group Thermafil û 198,17 ± 61,65N; Group AH Plus û 158,08 ± 31,56N; Group Real Seal û 154,92 ± 42,64N and Group GuttaFlow û 107,92 ± 20,72N. The data were submitted to ANOVA e Dunett tests (5%). Conclusions: Among the experimental groups, roots filled with ActiV GP showed the highest values of resistance of load vertical was applied, and were similar to Control Group and Thermafil. AH Plus, Real Seal and Thermafil groups showed statistical similar fracture resistance. GuttaFlow Group showed the lowest values of fracture resistance.
Assuntos
Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Cimentos Dentários/uso terapêutico , Fraturas dos Dentes/diagnóstico , Obturação do Canal Radicular/métodos , EndodontiaRESUMO
The aims of endodontic treatment in cases of apical periodontitis are to reduce as much as possible the number of microorganisms inside the root canal system and to inactivate toxins produced by them. Most of the times, these objectives are not achieved solely by chemomechanical preparation, and intracanal dressing may be necessary. In these cases, calcium hydroxide is used as a root canal dressing due to its well-known and recognized antimicrobial activity. Chlorhexidine has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and its association with calcium hydroxide has been recommended in an attempt to amplify antimicrobial effects of calcium hydroxide. It is also known that dentin exerts a buffering effect under wide pH variations, and may be responsible for decreasing the antimicrobial activity of drugs inside the root canal. The objectives of this study were to assess the pH of 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide alone or in combination, as well as the influence of dentin on the pH of these compounds. Dentin powder was obtained from bovine teeth and added as 1.8% to the volume of the medications. All substances were individually stored in plastic flasks, in triplicate. A pH meter was used at five different moments to assess pH in viscous medium: immediately after preparation and after 24 h, and 7, 14, and 21 days. Results were analyzed by paired Student's t-test. Statistically significant differences were observed in the 2% chlorhexidine gel group alone or associated with calcium hydroxide and added of dentin powder (P < 0.05). Mean pH values indicated the influence of dentin powder because of a significant increase in pH. Calcium hydroxide with propylene glycol as the vehicle always showed high pH, demonstrating that this compound was not affected by the presence of dentin.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/química , Hidróxido de Cálcio/química , Clorexidina/química , Dentina/fisiologia , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/química , Animais , Soluções Tampão , Bovinos , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Géis , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Veículos Farmacêuticos , Propilenoglicol/química , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This study evaluated the influence of the coloring agent concentration on the temperature of the gel layer and pulp chamber during dental bleaching with an LED/laser light source. Ten human incisors and a digital thermometer with K-type thermocouples were used. Using a high-speed spherical diamond bur, endodontic access was gained through openings on the lingual faces until pulp chamber was exposed. One end of the thermocouple was placed on the labial surface (immersed in bleaching gel) and the other end in the pulp chamber. The same 10 specimens were used in the 12 groups, according to the type and concentration of bleaching gel. Each bleaching gel was used in four different concentrations: manipulated without coloring, with normal quantity recommended by the manufacturer, with double the recommended amount of coloring, and with triple the recommended amount of coloring. The temperature rise was measured every 30 seconds for three minutes with a K-type thermocouple. The data were analyzed by ANOVA to examine the concentration and type of bleaching gel. This test was followed by Tukey's test, which was performed independently for the gel at the labial surface and the pulp chamber (a = 5%). For both surfaces, values of p = 0.00 were obtained for all factors and for the interaction between them. The varying concentrations of coloring agent produced statistically significant differences in terms of temperature increase for both the gel layer and the pulp chamber during activation.
Assuntos
Temperatura Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Corantes/administração & dosagem , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/uso terapêutico , Oxidantes/uso terapêutico , Clareamento Dental/métodos , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Géis , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/administração & dosagem , Lasers , Teste de Materiais , Oxidantes/administração & dosagem , Termômetros , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the influence of the degree of dentine mineralization on the pulp chamber temperature increase during composite light-activation. METHODS: Dentine discs (2mm thick) obtained from recently extracted teeth or those with extensive dentine sclerosis were analysed by FT-IR spectrometry in order to choose the two discs with the greatest difference in the degree of mineralization. A model tooth was set up with the dentine discs between a molar with the pulp chamber exposed and a crown with a standardized class II cavity. A K-type thermocouple was introduced into the molar root until it came into contact with the dentine discs and the cavity was filled with P60 resin composite. The temperature rise was measured for 120s after light-activation began: Standard (S) 600 mW/cm(2)/40s; Ramp (R) 0-->800 mW/cm(2)/10s+800 mW/cm(2)/10s; Boost (B) 85 0mW/cm(2)/10s and LED (L) 1.300 mW/cm(2)/40s (n=10). The same protocol was repeated after grinding the dentine discs to 1.0 and 0.5mm thickness. RESULTS: The temperature increase was significantly higher in dentine with high degree of mineralization (p<0.05). With respect to the dentine thickness, the following result was found: 2mm<1mm<0.5mm (p<0.05). The light-activation mode also presented significant difference as follows: S>R=L>B (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The higher the degree of dentine mineralization the greater the increase in pulp chamber temperature. The temperature increase was influenced by the light-polymerization mode and dentine thickness.
Assuntos
Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Resinas Compostas/efeitos da radiação , Materiais Dentários/efeitos da radiação , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Dentina Secundária/fisiologia , Dentina/fisiologia , Calcificação de Dente/fisiologia , Resinas Compostas/química , Lâmpadas de Polimerização Dentária , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária , Materiais Dentários/química , Polpa Dentária/fisiopatologia , Exposição da Polpa Dentária/fisiopatologia , Dentina/anatomia & histologia , Dentina Secundária/anatomia & histologia , Humanos , Doses de Radiação , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Termômetros , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
An accurate diagnosis of the anatomy of the root canal system is a pre requisite for successful root canal treatment. According to the endodontic literature, maxillary second premolars usually have one root and one canal. The possibility of three roots and three canals in maxillary second premolars is quite small. Diagnostic means such as preoperative radiographs and examination of the pulp chamber floor aid the location of root canal orifices. The aim of this clinical article is to describe the unusual anatomy that was detected in two maxillary second premolars during routine endodontic treatment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Dente Pré-Molar , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Raiz Dentária , Cárie RadicularRESUMO
This study investigated the thermal effects and the morphological changes after diode laser irradiation (810 nm) of root canals. Samples were irradiated at 2.5 W, 1,989 W/cm2 (group 2) and 1.25 W, 10 Hz, 994 W/cm2 (group 3), with group 1 being the control group of nonirradiated samples. The temperature rise was evaluated using an infrared thermographic camera, and the morphological changes were assayed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images revealed closed dentinal tubules, especially at the apical regions when compared with the control samples. The maximum temperature variations at the apical region were analyzed, and the resulting 95% confidence intervals of the medians (Wilcoxon) ranged from 1.6 to 8.6 degrees C (group 2) and from 1.2 to 3.3 degrees C (group 3). The results suggest that the diode laser can be used for endodontic purposes and show that the method is safe for periodontal tissues at the investigated parameters.
Assuntos
Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Permeabilidade da Dentina , Lasers , Preparo de Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Temperatura Corporal , Cavidade Pulpar/anatomia & histologia , Humanos , Incisivo , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Camada de Esfregaço , Propriedades de Superfície , Condutividade Térmica , TermografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smear layer removal with EDTA from root canal walls allows greater cleaning and disinfection of root canals. However, because Er:YAG laser acts on the removal of the smear layer, the objective of investigation was to analyze in vitro the effect of Er:YAG laser on dentin root canal wall permeability after endodontic instrumentation and irrigation with water or sodium hypochlorite and Er:YAG laser application. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 extracted human maxillary incisors were divided into five groups: Group I, instrumentation with deionized distilled water as the irrigating solution; Group II, instrumentation with 1% sodium hypochlorite as the irrigating solution; Group III, instrumentation with deionized distilled water as the irrigating solution and Er:YAG laser application; Group IV, instrumentation with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution as the irrigating solution and Er:YAG laser application; Group V, instrumentation only up to #20 file with deionized distilled water as the irrigating solution and Er:YAG laser irradiation. The laser parameters were 15 Hz, 140 mJ, total energy 42 J, 300 pulses (Kavo Key Laser). Copper sulfate (10%) was used to evaluate dentin permeability. The penetration of copper ions into the dentinal tubules was observed using 1% rubeanic acid, which reveals copper ions, forming a stained compound ranging in color from deep blue to black. Transverse sections (500-microm thick) were obtained with a diamond disk from the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. RESULTS: The instrumentation of the root canal that used water as the irrigating solution followed by Er:YAG laser irradiation promoted the greatest increase in dentin permeability. The use of Er:YAG laser, 1% sodium hypochlorite + Er:YAG, and 1% sodium hypochlorite used alone showed an intermediate capacity of increasing dentin permeability. The use of water as the irrigating solution without Er:YAG laser promoted the least dentin permeability. CONCLUSIONS: The use of water as the irrigating solution after instrumentation and Er:YAG laser irradiation was an effective procedure for increasing dentin permeability.