RESUMO
Introdução: A osteoartrose é a principal causa de limitação da funcionalidade e incapacidade nos idosos. Dentre os tratamentos farmacológicos está a suplementação com sulfato de condroitina. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a influência do sulfato de condroitina na dor e aspectos funcionais associados à osteoartrose. Métodos: Foram utilizados os descritores "osteoarthritis" e "chondroitin". Os artigos foram selecionados de forma independente e cega, por dois pesquisadores. Foram incluídos somente ensaios clínicos primários, escritos na língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola entre 2005 a 2013. A escala PEDro foi utilizada como instrumento de avaliação. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.916 estudos, permanecendo nove artigos para a análise. Dos nove analisados, quatro mostraram a eficácia da suplementação do sulfato de condroitina na redução da dor e da incapacidade funcional, enquanto cinco investigações não mostraram efeitos estatisticamente significantes. Conclusões: A influência do sulfato de condroitina na dor e aspectos funcionais na osteoartrose permanece questionável.
Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the leading cause of limitation of functionality and disability in the elderly. The supplementation with chondroitin sulfate is among the pharmacological treatments. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the influence of chondroitin sulfate on pain and functional aspects associated with osteoarthritis. Methods: The keywords "osteoarthritis" and "chondroitin" were used. The articles were selected independently and blindly by two researchers. Only primary clinical trial, written in Portuguese, English and Spanish in the period between 2005 to 2013 were included. The PEDro scale was used as an evaluation tool. Results: A total of 1.916 studies with appropriate descriptors were found, and nine of these papers remained for analysis. Of these nine studies analyzed, four showed the effectiveness of supplementation of chondroitin sulfate in reducing pain and functional disability, while five studies showed no statistically significant effects. Conclusions: The influence of chondroitin sulfate in pain and functional aspects in osteoarthritis remains questionable.
Assuntos
Humanos , Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfatos de Condroitina/uso terapêutico , Mediadores da Inflamação/uso terapêutico , Osteoartrite/prevenção & controle , Causalgia/prevenção & controle , Causalgia/tratamento farmacológico , AnalgesiaRESUMO
El síndrome de dolor regional complejo tipo II o causalgia es un cuadro que se presenta con dolor intenso y síntomas autonómicos importantes, que alteran la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Sus mecanismos fisiopatológicos todavía están en discusión y la evidencia disponible para su manejo aún es escasa. Actualmente, la tendencia es hacia un manejo interdisciplinario que abarque terapias psicológicas, de rehabilitación, en conjunto con un correcto manejo del dolor.
Type II complex regional pain syndrome causes accute pain and autonomous symptoms that alter the patient's quality of life. Discussion with respect to the syndrome physiopathologic mechanisms is still open and available evidence is scarce. The present trend is the multidisciplinary approach with teams using psychological, rehabilitation and pain management therapies.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Causalgia/tratamento farmacológico , Causalgia/reabilitação , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/reabilitação , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/terapia , Atividades Cotidianas/psicologia , Administração Tópica , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Distrofia Simpática Reflexa/diagnóstico , Simpatectomia/métodos , Terapia por Exercício/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Local anesthetic blockade of the sympathetic chain is widely used to treat reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) and causalgia. These two pain syndromes are now conceptualized as variants of a single entity: complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). A recent meta-analysis of the topic has been published. However, this study only evaluated studies in English language and therefore it could have overlooked some randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review had three objectives: to determine the likelihood of pain alleviation after sympathetic blockade with local anesthetics in the patient with CRPS; to assess how long any benefit persists; and to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects of the procedure. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and conference abstracts of the World Congresses of the International Association for the Study of Pain. Bibliographies from retrieved articles were also searched for additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered for inclusion randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of sympathetic blockade with local anesthetics in children or in adult patients to treat RSD, causalgia, or CRPS. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The outcomes of interest were the number of patients who obtained at least 50% of pain relief shortly after sympathetic blockade (30 minutes to 2 hours) and 48 hours or later. We also assessed the presence of adverse effects in each treatment arm. A random effects model was used to combine the studies. MAIN RESULTS: Two small randomized double blind cross over studies that evaluated 23 subjects were found. The combined effect of the two trials produced a relative risk (RR) to achieve at least 50% of pain relief 30 minutes to 2 hours after the sympathetic blockade of 1.17 (95% CI 0.80-1.72). It was not possible to determine the effect of sympathetic blockade on long-term pain relief because the authors of the two studies evaluated different outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review revealed the scarcity of published evidence to support the use of local anesthetic sympathetic blockade as the 'gold standard' treatment for CRPS. The two randomized studies that met inclusion criteria had very small sample sizes, therefore, no conclusion concerning the effectiveness of this procedure could be drawn. There is a need to conduct randomized controlled trials to address the value of sympathetic blockade with local anesthetic for the treatment of CRPS.