RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The improper handling of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in newborns (NBs) may result in mechanical and infectious complications. AIM: The aim of this systematic review (SR) is to estimate the prevalence of complications associated with the use of PICC in NBs. METHODS: We will utilize PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for the databases search. There will be no restrictions on the search for languages, and observational studies will be selected wherein the prevalence rate of complications associated with the use of PICC in NBs has been presented or can be calculated. The systematic review will follow the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Two reviewers will independently select studies and assess their eligibility using predefined criteria. Using standardized forms, two other reviewers will independently extract data from each included study, and the random-effects pooled prevalence will be calculated in the meta-analysis with the respective 95% confidence intervals. The methodological quality of the studies will be assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Review Manager V.5.3.5 will be used for the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. A protocol was developed and published on PROSPERO (Registration number CRD42020211983). EXPECTED RESULTS: This SR will show the prevalence of complications caused by the inadequate management of PICC in NBs, which is information considered important for clinical practice improvement.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Transmissíveis/etiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Prevalência , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
Intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections (ICU-BSI) are frequent and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We conducted this study to describe the epidemiology and the prognosis of ICU-BSI in our ICU and to search for factors associated with mortality at 28 days. For this, we retrospectively studied ICU-BSI in the ICU of the Cayenne General Hospital, from January 2013 to June 2019. Intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections were diagnosed in 9.5% of admissions (10.3 ICU-BSI/1,000 days). The median delay to the first ICU-BSI was 9 days. The ICU-BSI was primitive in 44% of cases and secondary to ventilator-acquired pneumonia in 25% of cases. The main isolated microorganisms were Enterobacteriaceae in 67.7% of patients. They were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers in 27.6% of cases. Initial antibiotic therapy was appropriate in 65.1% of cases. Factors independently associated with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) as the causative microorganism of ICU-BSI were ESBL-PE carriage before ICU-BSI (odds ratio [OR]: 7.273; 95% CI: 2.876-18.392; P < 0.000) and prior exposure to fluoroquinolones (OR: 4.327; 95% CI: 1.120-16.728; P = 0.034). The sensitivity of ESBL-PE carriage to predict ESBL-PE as the causative microorganism of ICU-BSI was 64.9% and specificity was 81.2%. Mortality at 28 days was 20.6% in the general population. Factors independently associated with mortality at day 28 from the occurrence of ICU-BSI were traumatic category of admission (OR: 0.346; 95% CI: 0.134-0.894; P = 0.028) and septic shock on the day of ICU-BSI (OR: 3.317; 95% CI: 1.561-7.050; P = 0.002). Mortality rate was independent of the causative organism.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/mortalidade , Bacteriemia/terapia , Candidemia/epidemiologia , Candidemia/mortalidade , Candidemia/terapia , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/mortalidade , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/terapia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateterismo Periférico/estatística & dados numéricos , Coma/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/mortalidade , Infecção Hospitalar/terapia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Feminino , Guiana Francesa/epidemiologia , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/terapia , Prognóstico , Terapia de Substituição Renal/estatística & dados numéricos , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Insuficiência Respiratória/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/mortalidade , Infecções Estafilocócicas/terapia , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The impact of central venous catheter (CVC) removal on the outcome of patients with candidemia is controversial, with studies reporting discrepant results depending on the time of CVC removal (early or any time during the course of candidemia). OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of time to CVC removal, early (within 48h from the diagnosis of candidemia) vs. removal at any time during the course of candidemia, on the 30-day mortality. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 285 patients with candidemia analyzing CVC removal within 48h (first analysis) or at any time (second analysis). RESULTS: A CVC was in place in 212 patients and was removed in 148 (69.8%), either early (88 patients, 41.5%) or late (60 patients, 28.3%). Overall, the median time to CVC removal was one day (range 1-28) but was six days (range 3-28) for those removed later. In the first analysis, APACHE II score (odds ratio [OR] 1.111, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.066-1.158), removal at any time (OR 0.079, 95% CI 0.021-0.298) and Candida parapsilosis infection (OR 0.291, 95% CI 0.133-0.638) were predictors of 30-day mortality. Early removal was not significant. In the second analysis APACHE II score (OR 1.122, 95% CI 1.071-1.175) and C. parapsilosis infection (OR 0.247, 95% CI 0.103-0.590) retained significance. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of CVC removal is dependent on whether the optimal analysis strategy is deployed and should be taken into consideration in future analyses.
Assuntos
Candidemia/mortalidade , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Infecção Hospitalar/mortalidade , Remoção de Dispositivo , Mortalidade Hospitalar , APACHE , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Candidemia/microbiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: The impact of central venous catheter (CVC) removal on the outcome of patients with candidemia is controversial, with studies reporting discrepant results depending on the time of CVC removal (early or any time during the course of candidemia). Objective: Evaluate the effect of time to CVC removal, early (within 48 h from the diagnosis of candidemia) vs. removal at any time during the course of candidemia, on the 30-day mortality. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 285 patients with candidemia analyzing CVC removal within 48 h (first analysis) or at any time (second analysis). Results: A CVC was in place in 212 patients and was removed in 148 (69.8%), either early (88 patients, 41.5%) or late (60 patients, 28.3%). Overall, the median time to CVC removal was one day (range 1-28) but was six days (range 3-28) for those removed later. In the first analysis, APACHE II score (odds ratio [OR] 1.111, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.066-1.158), removal at any time (OR 0.079, 95% CI 0.021-0.298) and Candida parapsilosis infection (OR 0.291, 95% CI 0.133-0.638) were predictors of 30-day mortality. Early removal was not significant. In the second analysis APACHE II score (OR 1.122, 95% CI 1.071-1.175) and C. parapsilosis infection (OR 0.247, 95% CI 0.103-0.590) retained significance. Conclusions: The impact of CVC removal is dependent on whether the optimal analysis strategy is deployed and should be taken into consideration in future analyses.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Infecção Hospitalar/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Remoção de Dispositivo , Candidemia/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , APACHE , Candidemia/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To predict incident bloodstream infection and urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Children's Hospital Neonatal Database during 2010-2016. Infants with CDH admitted at 22 participating regional neonatal intensive care units were included; patients repaired or discharged to home prior to admission/referral were excluded. The primary outcome was death or the occurrence of bloodstream infection or UTI prior to discharge. Factors associated with this outcome were used to develop a multivariable equation using 80% of the cohort. Validation was performed in the remaining 20% of infants. RESULTS: Median gestation and postnatal age at referral in this cohort (n = 1085) were 38 weeks and 3.1 hours, respectively. The primary outcome occurred in 395 patients (36%); and was associated with low birth weight, low Apgar, low admission pH, renal and associated anomalies, patch repair, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (P < .001 for all; area under receiver operating curve = 0.824; goodness of fit χ2 = 0.52). After omitting death from the outcome measure, admission pH, patch repair of CDH, and duration of central line placement were significantly associated with incident bloodstream infection or UTI. CONCLUSIONS: Infants with CDH are at high risk of infection which was predicted by clinical factors. Early identification and low threshold for sepsis evaluations in high-risk infants may attenuate acquisition and the consequences of these infections.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Hérnias Diafragmáticas Congênitas/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Índice de Apgar , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Anormalidades Congênitas , Bases de Dados Factuais , Uso de Medicamentos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Hérnias Diafragmáticas Congênitas/cirurgia , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Rim/anormalidades , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Telas Cirúrgicas , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To know, through an online survey, the usual clinical practice of Chilean anesthesiologists regarding central venous catheterization in patients undergoing elective neurosurgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An email was sent with a link to a questionnaire to anesthesiologists belonging to the Society of Anesthesiology of Chile (SACH). The questionnaire consisted of an anonymous questionnaire, with multiple-choice questions that included data referring to experience as an anesthesiologist, experience in neuroanesthesia, indication of central venous access in elective neurosurgery, access of choice, technique used, and immediate and late complications. RESULTS: A valid response was received to the online survey by 180 anesthesiologists, which represents a response rate of 50%. Only 14.4% of the respondents were classified as specialists in neuroanesthesia. The majority acces corresponded to the Internal Jugular. The main indication was the use of vasoactive drugs in 92.18%. Regarding clinical scenarios, 95.4% of respondents used a central venous route in posterior fossa surgery, while only 9.41% used it in minimally invasive surgery. 69.3% of the respondents indicated that they had presented an immediate complication related to the procedure, with arterial puncture being the most frequent with 72.1%. Protocols for perioperative management only existed in 17.8% of cases. There are no significant differences in the usual clinical practice among specialists in neuroanesthesia and general anesthesiologists in most of the items analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: From the data obtained, we observed that there is no uniform criterion in the indication, access and control of the central venous catheter in the context of elective neurosurgery. The foregoing could be explained by the scarce protocolization of anesthetic management in these surgeries. It is of interest to verify that there are no differences in clinical practice among anesthesiologists specialized in this area and those unusual in neurosurgical procedures.
OBJETIVOS: Conocer por medio de una encuesta online la práctica clínica habitual de los anestesiólogos chilenos respecto a la cateterización venosa central en pacientes sometidos a neurocirugía de carácter electivo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se envió un correo electrónico con un enlace a un cuestionario a anestesiólogos pertenecientes a la Sociedad de Anestesiología de Chile (SACH). La encuesta consistía en un cuestionario de carácter anónimo, con preguntas de selección múltiple que incluía datos referidos a la experiencia como anestesiólogo, experiencia en neuroanestesia, indicación de vía venosa central en neurocirugía electiva, acceso de elección, técnica utilizada y complicaciones inmediatas y tardías. RESULTADOS: Se recibió respuesta válida a la encuesta online por parte de 180 anestesiólogos, lo que representa una tasa de respuesta del 50%. Sólo el 14,4% de los encuestados son catalogados como especialistas en neuroanestesia. La vía de acceso de elección corresponde a la Yugular Interna con un 66,8% de las preferencias. La principal indicación señalada para su utilización fue el uso de drogas vasoactivas en un 92,18% de los casos. Respecto a escenarios clínicos el 95,4% de los encuestados utiliza una vía venosa central en cirugía de fosa posterior, mientras que sólo el 9,41% la utiliza en cirugía mínimanente invasiva. El 69,3% de los encuestados indica haber presentado alguna vez una complicación inmediata relacionada al procedimiento, siendo la punción arterial la más frecuente con un 72,1%. Protocolos para el manejo perioperatorio sólo existían en 17,8% de los casos. No existen diferencias significativas en la práctica clínica habitual entre los especialistas en neuroanestesia y anestesiólogos poco habituados en neuroanestesia en la mayoría de los ítems analizados. CONCLUSIONES: A partir de los datos obtenidos por esta encuesta online, observamos que no existe un criterio uniforme en la indicación, vía de acceso y control del catéter venoso central en el contexto de la neurocirugía electiva. Lo anterior, podría explicarse por la escasa protocolización del manejo anestésico en estas cirugías. Es de interés comprobar que no existen grandes diferencias en la práctica clínica entre los anestesiólogos especialistas en esta área y aquellos poco habituales en procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/instrumentação , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/estatística & dados numéricos , Anestesiologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos EletivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Central venous catheters are fundamental to daily clinical practice. This procedure is mainly performed by residents, often without supervision or structured training. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of central venous catheterization and the complication rate related to it. METHOD: Retrospective cohort study. Adult patients undergoing central venous catheter insertion out of the intensive care unit (ICU) of a teaching hospital were selected from March 2014 to February 2015. Data were collected from medical charts using an electronic form. Clinical and laboratory characteristics from patients, procedure characteristics, and mechanical and infectious complications rates were assessed. Patients with and without complications were compared. RESULTS: Three hundred and eleven (311) central venous catheterizations were evaluated. The main reasons to perform the procedure were lack of peripheral access, chemotherapy and sepsis. There were 20 mechanical complications (6% of procedures). Arterial puncture was the most common. Procedures performed in the second semester were associated with lower risk of complications (odds ratio 0.35 [95CI 0.12-0.98; p=0.037]). Thirty-five (35) catheter-related infection cases (11.1%) were reported. They were related to younger patients and procedures performed by residents with more than one year of training. Procedures performed after the first trimester had a lower chance of infection. CONCLUSION: These results show that the rate of mechanical complications of central venous puncture in our hospital is similar to the literature, but more attention should be given to infection prevention measures.
Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Brasil , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumotórax/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sepse/etiologiaRESUMO
Summary Introduction: Central venous catheters are fundamental to daily clinical practice. This procedure is mainly performed by residents, often without supervision or structured training. Objective: To describe the characteristics of central venous catheterization and the complication rate related to it. Method: Retrospective cohort study. Adult patients undergoing central venous catheter insertion out of the intensive care unit (ICU) of a teaching hospital were selected from March 2014 to February 2015. Data were collected from medical charts using an electronic form. Clinical and laboratory characteristics from patients, procedure characteristics, and mechanical and infectious complications rates were assessed. Patients with and without complications were compared. Results: Three hundred and eleven (311) central venous catheterizations were evaluated. The main reasons to perform the procedure were lack of peripheral access, chemotherapy and sepsis. There were 20 mechanical complications (6% of procedures). Arterial puncture was the most common. Procedures performed in the second semester were associated with lower risk of complications (odds ratio 0.35 [95CI 0.12-0.98; p=0.037]). Thirty-five (35) catheter-related infection cases (11.1%) were reported. They were related to younger patients and procedures performed by residents with more than one year of training. Procedures performed after the first trimester had a lower chance of infection. Conclusion: These results show that the rate of mechanical complications of central venous puncture in our hospital is similar to the literature, but more attention should be given to infection prevention measures.
Resumo Introdução: Cateteres venosos centrais são fundamentais na prática clínica diária. Em hospitais de ensino, esse procedimento é realizado por médicos residentes, frequentemente sem supervisão ou treinamento estruturado. Objetivo: Descrever as características das punções venosas centrais e a taxa de complicações relacionadas. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva. Foram selecionados pacientes adultos submetidos a punção venosa central fora de unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) de um hospital de ensino no ano letivo de 2014 (março de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015). Os dados foram coletados por meio de revisão de prontuários com o uso de formulário eletrônico. Foram avaliadas características clínicas e laboratoriais dos pacientes, características do procedimento, taxa de complicações mecânicas e infecciosas relacionadas. Foram comparados os pacientes com complicações em relação àqueles sem complicações. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 311 punções venosas centrais. Os principais motivos para realização do procedimento foram falta de rede periférica, quimioterapia e sepse. Ocorreram 20 complicações mecânicas (6% dos procedimentos); punção arterial foi a mais comum. Procedimentos realizados no segundo semestre do ano letivo foram associados a menor risco de complicações (razão de chances de 0,35 [IC95 0,12-0,98; p=0,037]). Foram descritos 35 casos de infecção relacionada ao cateter (11,1%). Casos de infecção foram associados a pacientes mais jovens e procedimentos realizados por residentes com mais de um ano de treinamento. Procedimentos realizados após o primeiro trimestre tiveram menor chance de infecção. Conclusão: Esses resultados mostram que a taxa de complicações mecânicas de punção venosa central em nosso hospital é semelhante à da literatura; porém, maior atenção deve ser dada para medidas de prevenção de infecção.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Pneumotórax/etiologia , Brasil , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sepse/etiologia , Hospitais de Ensino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Introducción: el uso de simuladores en el aprendizaje de maniobras invasivas contribuye a la seguridad del paciente. Objetivos: diseñar y evaluar un curso para aprendizaje de la realización de vías venosas centrales con ecografía Doppler y uso de simuladores. Material y método: se definieron objetivos de aprendizaje, contenidos y metodología didáctica. Se realizaron pruebas de evaluación de destrezas, inicial y final, mediante una evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada (ECOE). Se evaluó la opinión de los estudiantes y el nivel de autoconfianza adquirido. El impacto en la práctica clínica se determinó a través del registro de las maniobras de colocación de vía venosa central (VVC) en el semestre siguiente. Resultados: el curso se realizó en el primer semestre 2015 para los siete estudiantes de posgrado de Nefrología de primer año y constó de cuatro instancias (tres horas), con introducción teórica y actividades prácticas con retroalimentación docente inmediata. La encuesta de satisfacción fue Muy Satisfactorio-Excelente en 7/7 y el nivel de autoconfianza aumentó en 4/7 participantes. Se observó una mejora significativa en los ECOE inicial vs final (test de t muestras pareadas p < 0,05). Se realizó una instancia de reparación. Se registraron las 64 VVC realizadas por los participantes, en el semestre siguiente al curso, y las complicaciones experimentadas: dos punciones arteriales, tres hematomas localizados, un aneurisma arterial y un neumotórax (10%), todos con buena evolución. Conclusiones: el uso de simuladores en el aprendizaje de maniobras invasivas logró un alto grado de satisfacción de los participantes, un aumento de su autoconfianza y una mejora significativa en el aspecto técnico
Abstract Introduction: the use of simulators for learning invasive maneuvers contributes to patients’ safety. Objectives: to design and evaluate a course for learning how to introduce central venous catheters with Doppler ultrasound and the use of simulators. Method: learning objectives, contents and didactics were defined. Initial and final skills were evaluated by means of an objective structured clinical evaluation (OSCE). The opinion of students and the level of self confidence achieved were evaluated. The impact on the clinical practice was determined by means of a record of the maneuvers of introduction of the central venous line in the following semester. Results: the course was carried our in the first semester of 2015 for the seven Nephrology postgraduate students. It consisted of four modules (three hours) which comprised a theoretical introduction and practical activities, with the immediate feedback by professors. The satisfaction survey revealed the following: very satisfactory-excellent in 7/7 and the level of self-confidence increased in 4/7 participants. A significant improvement was noticed in the initial vs final OSCE (paired samples T-Test 0.05). A repairing instance was prepared. 64 central central venous lines were introduced by participants in the following course, and complications found included the following: two artery punctures, three hematomas localized, an artery aneurysm and a pneumothorax (10%), all of them evidenced a positive evolution. Conclusions: the use of simulators in the learning of invasive maneuvers achieved a high level of satisfaction among participants, an increase in self-confidence and a significant improvement in technical aspects.
Resumo Introdução: o uso de simuladores para a aprendizagem de manobras invasivas contribui para a segurança do paciente. Objetivos: planejar e avaliar um curso para aprendizagem da realização de vias venosas centrais com ultrassom Doppler e uso de simuladores. Material e método: foram definidos os objetivos de aprendizagem, conteúdos e metodologia didática. Foram realizadas provas de avaliação de destrezas, inicial e final, utilizando uma avaliação clínica objetiva estruturada (ECOE). Também foram avaliados a opinião dos estudantes e o nível de autoconfiança adquirido. O impacto na prática clínica foi determinado pelo registro das manobras de colocação de via venosa central (VVC) no semestre seguinte. Resultados: o curso foi realizado no primeiro semestre de 2015 com os sete estudantes do primeiro ano de pós-graduação em Nefrologia constava de quatro módulos de três horas cada, com introdução teórica e atividades práticas com retroalimentação docente imediata. A pesquisa de satisfação mostrou um resultado Muito Satisfatório-Excelente em 7/7 e o nível de autoconfiança aumentou em 4 dos 7 participantes. Foi observada uma melhoria significativa nos ECOE inicial vs final (teste de t para amostras pareadas p < 0,05). Também foi realizada um módulo de reparação. No semestre seguinte ao curso foram registradas as 64 VVC realizadas pelos participantes e as complicações observadas: duas punções arteriais, três hematomas localizados, um aneurisma arterial e um pneumotórax (10%), todos com boa evolução. Conclusões: o uso de simuladores na aprendizagem de manobras invasivas teve um alto grado de satisfação dos participantes, mostrou um aumento da autoconfiança dos mesmos e uma melhoria significativa dos aspectos técnicos.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Diálise Renal , Tutoria , Educação MédicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nonelective removal of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) due to complications continues to be a major concern in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) around the world. Nonelective removal results in interruption of intravenous therapy, added costs, stress, and negative impacts on infant's health. Identification of predictors of complications that lead to nonelective removal of PICCs would allow for the initiation of preventive strategies to improve the quality of care. AIM: To identify predictors of nonelective removal of PICCs in neonates. METHODS: A prospective cohort study with a sample of 524 PICC lines inserted in 436 neonates admitted to a tertiary-level NICU of a Brazilian hospital. Data were collected on all neonates between August 31, 2010, and August 30, 2012. Neonates were monitored daily from insertion of the catheter until its removal. Bivariate analysis and a logistic regression were conducted in order to identify predictors of nonelective removal. RESULTS: A diagnosis of a transitory metabolic disorder (hypoglycemia; disorders of calcium, magnesium, sodium, or potassium; or dehydration), previous PICC line insertion, insertion of dual-lumen polyurethane PICC, noncentral tip position, and multiple intravenous solutions in a single-lumen silicone PICC were predictors of nonelective removal of PICC lines. CONCLUSION: The avoidance of repeated PICC insertions, noncentral tip position, and placement of single-lumen silicone PICCs for administration of four or more intravenous solutions is suggested. Interventions should be explored that facilitate PICC insertion success and correct tip placement.
Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/etiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/enfermagem , Cateterismo Periférico/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Periférico/enfermagem , Remoção de Dispositivo/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateterismo Periférico/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine risk factors associated with difficult venous access (DVA) in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study conducted in the ED of an urban tertiary care hospital. Adult patients undergoing intravenous (IV) placement were consecutively enrolled during periods of block enrollment. The primary outcome was DVA, defined as 3 or more IV attempts or use of a method of rescue vascular access to establish IV access. Univariate and multivariate analyses for factors predicting DVA were performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 743 patients were enrolled, of which 88 (11.8%) met the criteria for DVA. In the adjusted analysis, only 3 medical conditions were significantly associated with DVA: diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.8), sickle cell disease (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.5-9.5), and history of IV drug abuse (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.7). Notably, age, body mass index, and dialysis were not. Of patients who reported a history of requiring multiple IV attempts in the past for IV access, 14% met criteria for DVA on this visit (OR 7.7 95% CI 3-18). Of the patients who reported a history of IV insertion into the external jugular, ultrasound-guided IV placement, or a central venous catheter for IV access, 26% had DVA on this visit (OR 16.7, 95% CI 6.8-41). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 1 of every 9 to 10 adults in an urban ED had DVA. Diabetes, IV drug abuse, and sickle cell disease were found to be significantly associated with DVA.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateterismo Periférico/estatística & dados numéricos , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Hospitais Urbanos , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Coortes , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Philadelphia/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Diálise Renal/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of the study was to identify the complications in patients that have received a renal transplant. A Historical cohort performed in a university hospital from January/2007 through January/2009 with a sample of 179 patients; data collected retrospectively from the medical history of patients and submitted to statistical analyses. Mean age of patients was 43 (SD=13.7) years, 114 (63.7%) men, 95 (65.1%) non smokers and 118(66.93%) received the graft from a deceased donor. The main complications were rejection 68 (32.1%) and infection 62 (29.2%). There was statistical significance between rejection and median days of hospital stay (p < 0.001); days of use of central venous catheter (p = 0.010) and smoking status (p = 0.008); infection and central venous catheter (p = 0.029); median days of hospital stay (p < 0.001) and time of use of urinary catheter (p = 0.009). It was concluded that it is important to reduce the days of hospital stay and permanence of catheters, which may be considered in the planning of nursing care.
Assuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Infecções/epidemiologia , Pacientes Internados/estatística & dados numéricos , Transplante de Rim , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Doadores de Tecidos/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateterismo Urinário/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Urinário/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence and reasons for nonelective removal of percutaneously inserted central catheters (PICC lines) between centrally and noncentrally placed PICC lines in neonates. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A 60-bed, tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit in a private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Neonates who were born at the hospital and underwent successful insertion of 237 PICC lines. They were divided into two groups, central and noncentral, according to tip position. METHODS: Neonates were monitored daily from insertion of the PICC until its removal. Data were collected from medical records. RESULTS: Of the 237 PICCs analyzed, 207 (87.4%) had their tip in a central position and 30 (12.6%) in a noncentral position. The incidence of nonelective PICC removal was similar between the central and noncentral groups (p = .48). The reasons for nonelective removal were significantly different between the groups (p = .007), with a higher incidence of extravasation in the noncentral group. CONCLUSION: Noncentrally placed PICCs can provide vascular access in neonates requiring venous access for the administration of intravenous solutions. Many potential catheter-related complications can be prevented by careful bedside nursing. Frequent monitoring of noncentral PICCs is necessary to detect and prevent extravasation in neonates.
Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateterismo Periférico/estatística & dados numéricos , Catéteres/estatística & dados numéricos , Remoção de Dispositivo/estatística & dados numéricos , Enfermagem Neonatal/organização & administração , Brasil , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/etiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/enfermagem , Cateterismo Periférico/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Periférico/instrumentação , Cateterismo Periférico/enfermagem , Catéteres/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Coortes , Remoção de Dispositivo/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
In this prospective, observational study, we sought to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of central venous catheter-associated infection in 56 patients admitted for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In multivariate analysis, we found a 7-fold higher risk of central line-associated bloodstream infection with central venous catheter insertion in the internal jugular vein as compared with the subclavian access. Patients with central line-associated bloodstream infection had a higher incidence of acute renal failure.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Injúria Renal Aguda/epidemiologia , Adulto , Bacteriemia/etiologia , Brasil , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/etiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Causalidade , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Veias Jugulares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Veia SubcláviaRESUMO
Este capítulo visa revisar as indicações do cateterismo venoso central, salientar as vantagens e desvantagens de cada sítio de punção, além de esclarecer as técnicas mais apropriadas para cada paciente.
This chapter aims to review the indications of central venous catheterization, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each puncture site, and to clarify the most appropriate techniques for each patient.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , RevisãoAssuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Análise de Variância , Brasil , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with the establishment of permanent vascular access for patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian end-stage renal disease patients in dialysis and transplant centers during 2007. The sample comprised only patients who received hemodialysis as a primary therapy modality and reported the type of vascular access for their primary hemodialysis treatment (N=2,276). Data were from the TRS Project - "Economic and Epidemiologic Evaluation of Modalities of Renal Replacement Therapy in Brazil". Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with the establishment of permanent vascular access in these patients. RESULTS: About 30 percent of the patients studied had an arteriovenous vascular access. The following factors were associated with a lower likelihood of having an arteriovenous vascular access as a primary type of access: time of hemodialysis start since the diagnosis of chronic renal failure < 1 year; shorter dialysis therapy; having no private health insurance; living in the central-western, northeastern and southeastern regions of Brazil; and living in the northern region plus having no private health insurance. In the final model there was found a positive association between the outcome and pre-dialysis care and no were association with socioeconomic and comorbidity variables. CONCLUSIONS: The study results showed that the focus should on pre-dialysis care to increase the establishment of an arteriovenous vascular access before starting hemodialysis in Brazil.
OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à provisão de acesso vascular arteriovenoso no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, nacionalmente representativo, com pacientes com doença renal crônica terminal acompanhados em serviços de diálise ou em centros transplantadores no ano de 2007. A amostra incluiu apenas pacientes que tiveram a hemodiálise como primeira modalidade de tratamento e que sabiam com que tipo de acesso vascular haviam iniciado o tratamento (N = 2.276). Os dados são oriundos do Projeto TRS - "Avaliação econômico-epidemiológica das modalidades de Terapia Renal Substitutiva no Brasil". Regressão logística múltipla foi utilizada. RESULTADOS: Aproximadamente 30 por cento dos pacientes tinham acesso vascular arteriovenoso. Os fatores associados à baixa probabilidade de ter acesso vascular arteriovenoso como primeiro tipo de acesso foram: tempo de diagnóstico de doença renal crônica anterior à entrada em hemodiálise < 1 ano, menor tempo de tratamento dialítico, não possuir cobertura de plano de saúde, residir na região Centro-Oeste, Nordeste e Sudeste, e residir na região Norte e ao mesmo tempo não possuir cobertura de plano de saúde. No modelo final não foi observada associação do desfecho com variáveis socioeconômicas e comorbidades, mas sim com cuidados pré-diálise. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram que, para aumentar a provisão de acesso vascular arteriovenoso antes do início da hemodiálise no Brasil, os esforços devem ser focados no cuidado pré-diálise.
OBJETIVO: Analizar factores asociados a la provisión de acceso vascular arteriovenoso en Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, nacionalmente representativo, con pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal acompañados en servicios de diálisis o en centros transplantadores en el año de 2007. La muestra incluyó pacientes que tuvieron la hemodiálisis como primera modalidad de tratamiento y que sabían con que tipo de acceso vascular habían iniciado el tratamiento (N=2.276). Los datos son oriundos del Proyecto TRS - "Evaluación económica-epidemiológica de las modalidades de Terapia renal Sustitutiva en Brasil". Fue utilizada la regresión logística múltiple. RESULTADOS: Aproximadamente 30 por ciento de los pacientes tenían acceso vascular arteriovenoso. Los factores asociados a la baja probabilidad de tener acceso vascular arteriovenoso como primer tipo de acceso fueron: tiempo de diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica anterior a la entrada en hemodiálisis < 1 año, menor tiempo de tratamiento dialítico, no poseer cobertura de seguro de salud, residir en la región Centro-Oeste, Noreste y Sureste, y residir en la región Norte y al mismo tiempo no poseer cobertura de seguro de salud. En el modelo final no fue observada asociación del resultado con variables socioeconómicas y co-morbilidades, pero si con cuidados pre-diálisis. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran que para aumentar la provisión de acceso vascular arteriovenoso antes del inicio de la hemodiálisis en Brasil, los esfuerzos deben ser enfocados en el cuidado pre-diálisis.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateteres de Demora/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Falência Renal Crônica , Diálise Renal/instrumentação , Brasil , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with the establishment of permanent vascular access for patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian end-stage renal disease patients in dialysis and transplant centers during 2007. The sample comprised only patients who received hemodialysis as a primary therapy modality and reported the type of vascular access for their primary hemodialysis treatment (N=2,276). Data were from the TRS Project--"Economic and Epidemiologic Evaluation of Modalities of Renal Replacement Therapy in Brazil". Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with the establishment of permanent vascular access in these patients. RESULTS: About 30% of the patients studied had an arteriovenous vascular access. The following factors were associated with a lower likelihood of having an arteriovenous vascular access as a primary type of access: time of hemodialysis start since the diagnosis of chronic renal failure < 1 year; shorter dialysis therapy; having no private health insurance; living in the central-western, northeastern and southeastern regions of Brazil; and living in the northern region plus having no private health insurance. In the final model there was found a positive association between the outcome and pre-dialysis care and no were association with socioeconomic and comorbidity variables. CONCLUSIONS: The study results showed that the focus should on pre-dialysis care to increase the establishment of an arteriovenous vascular access before starting hemodialysis in Brazil.
Assuntos
Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateteres de Demora/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise Renal/instrumentação , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
The study aimed to analyze the history of the use of the peripherally inserted central catheters in adult patients admitted to hospital from 2000 to 2007. The historical cohort approach was used with retrospective data collection from medical records of the Catheter Group of the Moinhos de Vento Hospital Association in Porto Alegre, RS, totaling 229 catheters inserted. The growth curve in the use of the PICC was from 1 catheter inserted in 2000 to 57 in 2007. The most prevalent pathology was oncology (17.9 percent, n=41). In relation to the indications of use, antibiotic use prevailed (54.1 percent, n=124). In the radiological confirmation the vena cava was prevalent (68.1 percent, n=156). The use of the PICC in the hospital environment is expanding and nursing has a fundamental role in its insertion, maintenance and removal.
O estudo objetivou analisar o histórico da utilização do cateter central de inserção periférica em pacientes adultos e internados, em ambiente hospitalar, de 2000 a 2007. Teve abordagem de coorte histórica, com coleta de dados retrospectiva em prontuários do Grupo de Cateteres da Associação Hospitalar Moinhos de Vento, em Porto Alegre, RS, totalizando 229 cateteres inseridos. A curva de crescimento na utilização do cateter central de inserção periférica (CCIP) foi de 1 cateter inserido em 2000 a 57 inseridos em 2007. A prevalência inerente à patologia foi a oncológica (17,9 por cento, n=41). Em relação às indicações ao uso, prevaleceu a antibioticoterapia (54,1 por cento, n=124). Na confirmação radiológica, a veia cava foi prevalente (68,1 por cento, n=156). Pode-se concluir que a utilização do CCIP no ambiente hospitalar está em expansão e a enfermagem tem papel fundamental na inserção, manutenção e sua remoção.
El estudio objetivó analizar el histórico de la utilización del catéter central de inserción periférica en pacientes adultos e internados en ambiente hospitalario de 2000 a 2007. Tuvo abordaje de cohorte histórico con recolección de datos retrospectivo en fichas del Grupo de Catéteres de la Asociación Hospitalaria Molinos de Viento en Porto Alegre, RS, totalizando 229 catéteres inseridos. La curva de crecimiento en la utilización del CCIP fue de 1 catéter inserido en 2000 a 57 inseridos en 2007. La prevalencia inherente a la patología fue oncológica (17,9 por ciento, n=41). En relación a las indicaciones de uso prevaleció la terapia con antibióticos (54,1 por ciento, n=124). En la confirmación radiológica la vena cava fue prevalente (68,1 por ciento, n=156). La utilización del CCIP en el ambiente hospitalario está en expansión y la enfermería tiene un papel fundamental en la inserción, manutención y remoción.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo. Evaluar la costo-eficacia de catéteres venosos centrales con antisépticos comparados con catéteres convencionales en la prevenciónde episodios infecciosos asociados.Diseño: Análisis de costo-eficacia; ensayo clínico, experimental, aleatorizado, controlado, abierto.Población y métodos. Pacientes con catéteres venosos centrales, menores de 1 año o 10 kg, posquirúrgicos cardiovasculares. Se compararonlas características de los pacientes y la permanencia, costos y complicaciones de los catéteres venosos centrales.Intervención. Catéter venoso central Arrow«, doble lumen, > 48 h de duración; grupo de intervención:catéteres con antiséptico contra grupocontrol: catéteres convencionales.Resultados. Se estudiaron 172 catéteres pertenecientes a 149 pacientes. La tasa cruda de episodios infecciosos asociados fue del 27 por ciento en los catéteres con antisépticos y 31 por ciento en los catéteres convencionales (p= 0,6), con incidencia acumulada similar de bacteriemia asociada a catéter: 2,8contra 3,3 por 1000 días-catéter. No se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos, excepto en el menor peso: mediana 4,0 kg (r 2-17) contra 4,7 kg (r2-9) p= 0,0002 y edad mediana 2 m (r 1-48) contra 5 m (r 1-24) p= 0,0019 en la población de catéteres venosos centrales con antisépticos. Estas diferencias se consideraron clínicamente irrelevantes.El costo promedio por paciente internado en el grupo con catéter convencional fue pesos 3.417 (359-9.453) y en el grupo catéter con antisépticos fue de pesos 4.962 (239-24.532), p= 0,10.Conclusiones. El uso de catéteres venosos centralescon antisépticos comparado con el de catéteres convencionales no redujo los episodios infecciosos asociados, con una tendencia de mayor costo en el grupo de catéteres con antisépticos.Estos resultados no respaldan el uso deestos catéteres en nuestro medio.(AU)