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This article aims to make reference to some recent mourning aspects considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease, specifically the Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The objective was to describe the stress from the death of a loved one combining it to the possibility of occurrence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy through the perception of a traumatic event by the cortex, which triggers the subcortical brain circuit affecting the endocrine response. Given the growing acknowledgement of this cardiomyopathy, it is possible to contextualize the nutritional behaviours and decisions surrounding it, whose benefits must exceed the condition of temporary cardiac dysfunction and extend to food choices that have some influence in the limbic system. It is a descriptive analysis that aims to problematize the theme into reflections based on this experience, considering the foundation with the science of nutrition.

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SUMMARY This article aims to make reference to some recent mourning aspects considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease, specifically the Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The objective was to describe the stress from the death of a loved one combining it to the possibility of occurrence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy through the perception of a traumatic event by the cortex, which triggers the subcortical brain circuit affecting the endocrine response. Given the growing acknowledgement of this cardiomyopathy, it is possible to contextualize the nutritional behaviours and decisions surrounding it, whose benefits must exceed the condition of temporary cardiac dysfunction and extend to food choices that have some influence in the limbic system. It is a descriptive analysis that aims to problematize the theme into reflections based on this experience, considering the foundation with the science of nutrition.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Este artigo busca fazer referência a alguns aspectos do luto recente considerados fatores de risco para a doença cardiovascular, específicamente a cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo. Objetivou-se descrever o estresse proveniente da morte do ente querido aliando-o à possibilidade de ocorrência da cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo, mediante a percepção de um evento traumático pelo córtex que aciona o circuito cerebral subcortical tendo repercussões na resposta endócrina. Dado o crescente reconhecimento dessa cardiomiopatia, torna-se viável contextualizar as condutas nutricionais e as decisões que as norteiam, cujos benefícios devem ultrapassar a condição de disfunção cardíaca temporária e se estender às escolhas alimentares que exercem alguma influência no sistema límbico. Trata-se de uma análise descritiva que objetiva problematizar a temática em reflexões pautadas nessa vivência, considerando o alicerce com a ciência da nutrição.

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INTRODUCTION: Stress has been associated with an acute heart failure syndrome of important morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Case report and non-systematic review of the relevant literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old woman with a history of an untreated generalized anxiety disorder, whom after the violent death of her son presented with oppressive chest pain irradiated to neck and left superior extremity, lasting for more than 30minutes, initial clinical suspect suggests acute coronary syndrome. LITERATURE REVIEW: Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by a reversible left ventricular dysfunction and wall movement abnormalities, without any compromise of the coronary arteries, associated to high plasma levels of catecholamines which in most cases correlates with an acute stress of emotional or physical type. CONCLUSIONS: Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy has to be considered by physicians among the differential diagnosis when facing a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome, especially in post-menopausal women with a history of psychiatric comorbidities such as a generalized anxiety disorder.

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BACKGROUND Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TM), also called stress myocardiopathy or transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome, is characterized by acute left ventricular dysfunction with reversible wall motion abnormalities. TM resembles acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the absence of coronary artery disease (CAD). In several reports, TM has been described in association with hyperthyroidism, suggesting the potential role of thyrotoxicosis in the pathophysiology. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 34-year-old man with TM associated with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease. In this case, TM was also preceded by an emotional trigger. The diagnosis of TM was based on clinical manifestations, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities, and the absence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the angiography. A diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was made based on hormonal and antibody measurements. The patient had a favorable outcome, and the cardiac and thyroid disorders resolved. CONCLUSIONS Our case illustrates that thyroid disease, mainly hyperthyroidism, should be considered in patients with TM with or without previous emotional triggers. As in our patient, the outcome in TM is usually favorable, with reversibility of cardiac abnormalities.

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We performed a narrative review about psychological disorders in adults with Takotsubo syndrome and inherited cardiomyopathies. Through the electronic database PubMed and PsycINFO we searched all relevant related manuscripts published between 2000 and 2015. We found twelve studies that explore psychological disorders in Takotsubo syndrome and eight about inherited cardiomyopathies: five enrolled patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, two dilated cardiomyopathy, and one arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. All papers reported the presence of psychological disorders. In Takotsubo syndrome, depression fluctuates between 20.5 and 48% and anxiety was present among 26 and 56%. A study reported that anxiety increases the probability of developing Takotsubo syndrome. In dilated cardiomyopathy, anxiety was present in 50% and depression in 22%. In arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, younger age, poorer functional capacity and having experienced at least one implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock, were significant independent predictors of both device-specific and generalized anxiety. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, anxiety and depression were present in 45.2% and 17.9%, respectively. Thirty seven percent met diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders and 21% for mood disorders. Nearby half hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients report triggering of chest pain, dyspnea, and dizziness by emotional stress. Due to the small number of studies, conclusions are limited. However, we discuss some results.

Realizamos una revisión narrativa sobre trastornos psicológicos en adultos con diagnóstico de síndrome de Takotsubo y miocardiopatías hereditarias. Utilizando las bases de datos PubMed y PsycINFO buscamos los trabajos relevantes publicados entre 2000 y 2015. Encontramos doce estudios que exploran alteraciones psicológicas en síndrome de Takotsubo y ocho estudios sobre miocardiopatías hereditarias: cinco enrolaron pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica, dos miocardiopatía dilatada, uno miocardiopatía arritmogénica del ventrículo derecho. Todas las publicaciones reportaron la presencia de trastornos psicológicos. En el síndrome de Takotsubo, la depresión oscila entre el 20,5 y el 48% y la ansiedad estuvo presente entre el 26 y el 56%. Un estudio reporta que la ansiedad aumenta la probabilidad de desarrollar el síndrome de Takotsubo. En la miocardiopatía dilatada, la ansiedad estuvo presente en el 50% de los pacientes y la depresión en el 22%. En la miocardiopatía arritmogénica del ventrículo derecho, la edad más joven, peor capacidad funcional y haber experimentado al menos un shock por desfibrilador automático implantable, fueron predictores independientes significativos de ansiedad tanto específica por el dispositivo como generalizada. En la miocardiopatía hipertrófica, la ansiedad y la depresión estaban presentes en 45,2% y 17,9%, respectivamente. Treinta y siete por ciento cumplía con los criterios de diagnóstico para los trastornos de ansiedad y 21% para los trastornos del estado de ánimo. Cerca de la mitad de los pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica informan dolor en el pecho, disnea y mareos desencadenados por estrés emocional. Debido al reducido número de estudios publicados, las conclusiones son limitadas. No obstante, presentamos algunos de los resultados.

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A cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo se caracteriza por alterações reversíveis na função sistólica e segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo associada à coronariografia normal. O choque associado a essa cardiomiopatia é causado por disfunção sistólica e/ou obstrução dinâmica do trato de saída do ventrículo esquerdo. A identificação da etiologia do choque tem implicações terapêuticas. Relata-se o caso de paciente feminina, 76 anos, com cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo cuja apresentação mimetizou infarto agudo do miocárdio complicado com choque cardiogênico. O choque foi revertido após administração endovenosa de propranolol.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by reversible changes in the systolic and segmental left ventricular function associated with normal coronariography. The shock associated with this cardiomyopathy is caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction and/or dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Identification of the etiology of the shock has implications for treatment. This case study reports on a 76-year-old women diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy whose presentation mimicked an acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. The shock was reversed after intravenous administration of propanolol.

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Mulher, 88 anos, é admitida na emergência com dor anginosa típica, retroesternal, forte intensidade, em aperto, com duração maior que 30 minutos, associada à dispneia, náuseas, lipotímia, sudorese moderada e apresentando supradesnivelamento de segmento ST ao eletrocardiograma após intensa discussão familiar. Paciente é conduzida inicialmente como infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de segmento ST. Na cineangiocoronariografia, evidenciou-se ausência de lesões em artérias coronárias e balonamento de parede anterior semelhante a um haltere, recebendo diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo.

Female, 88 years old, admitted to the Emergency Department in distress after a heated family discussion, with high intensity retrosternal typical anginal pain lasting more than 30 minutes, associated with moderate sweating, dyspnea, nausea and fainting, with ST-segment elevation in the electrocardiogram. Patient initially treated as an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. Cinecoronary angiography showed an absence of coronary artery lesion with the anterior wall ballooning like a dumbbell, diagnosed as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

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Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, also know as reversible left ventricular apical ballooning, " Broken-Heart" syndrome, and in Japan, Takotsubo, is characterized by the presence of a transient left ventricular dyskinetic movement of the anterior wall of with hypercontraction of the ventricular basilar segments precipitated by emotional stress. The clinical course of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is similar to that of an acute myocardial infarct with typical chest pain and electrocardiographic changes, and during the acute phase, coronary angiography is used to distinguish between the two conditions.

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A cardiopatia induzida por estresse (precipitada por estresse emocional), também chamada de balonamento apical transitório do ventrículo esquerdo, síndrome do coração partido e, no Japão, síndrome de takotsubo, é caracterizada pela presença de movimento discinético transitório da parede anterior do ventrículo esquerdo, com acentuação da cinética da base ventricular. O curso clínico da cardiomiopatia de takotsubo pode se assemelhar ao do infarto agudo do miocárdio, com dor torácica típica e alterações eletrocardiográficas, sendo a cineangiocoronariografia realizada para distinguir as duas condições na fase aguda.

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, also know as reversible left ventricular apical ballooning, " Broken-Heart" syndrome, and in Japan, Takotsubo, is characterized by the presence of a transient left ventricular dyskinetic movement of the anterior wall of with hypercontraction of the ventricular basilar segments precipitated by emotional stress. The clinical course of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is similar to that of an acute myocardial infarct with typical chest pain and electrocardiographic changes, and during the acute phase, coronary angiography is used to distinguish between the two conditions.

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