RESUMO
There are very few biomarkers used to diagnose bladder cancer and no clinically approved biomarkers for prediction or prognostication of this disease. All currently available biomarkers are based on urine tests, and thus, they may not be applicable to patients with extravesical tumors. Biopsy of metastatic sites requires an invasive procedure, whereas serum-based markers, which can be easily obtained and serially measured, thus have obvious merit. These deficiencies may be overcome with advances in genome sequencing, identification of circulating tumor cells, and RNA-, protein-, and DNA-based biomarkers. Here, progress in circulating biomarkers in both superficial and invasive bladder cancer is described.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/sangue , Neoplasias Urológicas/sangue , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/urina , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/secundário , Separação Celular/métodos , DNA de Neoplasias/sangue , DNA de Neoplasias/urina , Progressão da Doença , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Previsões , Humanos , Mutação , Invasividade Neoplásica , Proteínas de Neoplasias/sangue , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/química , RNA Neoplásico/sangue , Neoplasias Urológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologiaRESUMO
The schistosomal parasite plays a critical role in the development of malignant lesions in different organs. The pathogenesis of cancer is currently under intense investigation to identify reliable prognostic indices for disease detection. The objective of this paper is to evaluate certain biochemical parameters as diagnostic tools to efficiently differentiate between colonic carcinoma and colonic carcinoma associated with schistosomal infection among Egyptian patients. The parameters under investigation are interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, tissue telomerase, pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities. The results revealed a significant elevation in the level of the tumour markers IL-2, TNF-α and CEA as well as the activities of LDH, telomerase and G-6-PD among non-bilharzial and bilharzial colonic cancer groups, with a more potent effect in bilharzial infection-associated colonic cancer. A significant inhibition in PK activity was recorded in the same manner as compared to normal tissues. The efficacy of this biomarker was also evaluated through detecting sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values. In conclusion, schistosomal colonic carcinoma patients displayed more drastic changes in all parameters under investigation. The combination of the selected parameters succeeded in serving as biomarkers to differentiate between the two malignant types.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/complicações , Esquistossomose mansoni/complicações , Adenocarcinoma/sangue , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/parasitologia , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/sangue , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/parasitologia , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/sangue , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/parasitologia , Neoplasias do Colo/sangue , Neoplasias do Colo/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The schistosomal parasite plays a critical role in the development of malignant lesions in different organs. The pathogenesis of cancer is currently under intense investigation to identify reliable prognostic indices for disease detection. The objective of this paper is to evaluate certain biochemical parameters as diagnostic tools to efficiently differentiate between colonic carcinoma and colonic carcinoma associated with schistosomal infection among Egyptian patients. The parameters under investigation are interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, tissue telomerase, pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities. The results revealed a significant elevation in the level of the tumour markers IL-2, TNF-α and CEA as well as the activities of LDH, telomerase and G-6-PD among non-bilharzial and bilharzial colonic cancer groups, with a more potent effect in bilharzial infection-associated colonic cancer. A significant inhibition in PK activity was recorded in the same manner as compared to normal tissues. The efficacy of this biomarker was also evaluated through detecting sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values. In conclusion, schistosomal colonic carcinoma patients displayed more drastic changes in all parameters under investigation. The combination of the selected parameters succeeded in serving as biomarkers to differentiate between the two malignant types.