RESUMO
In this investigation, we studied a family of compounds with an oxathiazolidine-4-one-2,2-dioxide skeleton and their amide synthetic precursors as new anticonvulsant drugs. The cyclic structures were synthesized using a three-step protocol that include solvent-free reactions and microwave-assisted heating. The compounds were tested in vivo through maximal electroshock seizure test in mice. All the structures showed activity at the lower doses tested (30 mg/Kg) and no signs of neurotoxicity were detected. Compound encoded as 1g displayed strong anticonvulsant effects in comparison with known anticonvulsants (ED50 = 29 mg/Kg). First approximations about the mechanisms of action of the cyclic structures were proposed by docking simulations and in vitro assays against sodium channels (patch clamp methods).
Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/química , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Imidas/química , Imidas/farmacologia , Tiazóis/química , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Anticonvulsivantes/síntese química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Carbono-13 , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Imidas/síntese química , Masculino , Camundongos , Canal de Sódio Disparado por Voltagem NAV1.1/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxidos/química , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
Many scorpion toxins that act on sodium channels (NaScTxs) have been characterized till date. These toxins may act modulating the inactivation or the activation of sodium channels and are named α- or ß-types, respectively. Some venom toxins from Tityus obscurus (Buthidae), a scorpion widely distributed in the Brazilian Amazon, have been partially characterized in previous studies; however, little information about their electrophysiological role on sodium ion channels has been published. In the present study, we describe the purification, identification and electrophysiological characterization of a NaScTx, which was first described as Tc54 and further fully sequenced and renamed To4. This toxin shows a marked ß-type effect on different sodium channel subtypes (hNav1.1-hNav1.7) at low concentrations, and has more pronounced activity on hNav1.1, hNav1.2 and hNav1.4. By comparing To4 primary structure with other Tityus ß-toxins which have already been electrophysiologically tested, it is possible to establish some key amino acid residues for the sodium channel activity. Thus, To4 is the first toxin from T. obscurus fully electrophysiologically characterized on different human sodium channel isoforms.