RESUMO
Background: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a zoonotic Gram-positive bacterial pathogen known to cause different diseases in many mammals, including lymph node abscesses in camels. Strains from biovars equi and ovis of C. pseudotuberculosis can infect camels. Comparative genomics could help to identify features related to host adaptation, and currently strain Cp162 from biovar equi is the only one from camel with a sequenced genome. Methods: In this work, we compared the quality of three genome assemblies of strain Cp162 that used data from the DNA sequencing platforms SOLiD v3 Plus, IonTorrent PGM, and Illumina HiSeq 2500 with an optical map and investigate the unique features of this strain. For this purpose, we applied comparative genomic analysis on the different Cp162 genome assembly versions and included other 129 genomes from the same species. Results: Since the first version of the genome, there was an increase of 88 Kbp and 121 protein-coding sequences, a decrease of pseudogenes from 139 to 53, and two inversions and one rearrangement corrected. We identified 30 virulence genes, none associated to the camel host, and the genes rpob2 and rbpA predicted to confer resistance to rifampin. In comparison to 129 genomes of the same species, strain Cp162 has four genes exclusively present, two of them code transposases and two truncated proteins, and the three exclusively absent genes lysG, NUDIX domain protein, and Hypothetical protein. All 130 genomes had the rifampin resistance genes rpob2 and rbpA. Our results found no unique gene that could be associated with tropism to camel host, and further studies should include more genomes and genome-wide association studies testing for genes and SNPs.
Assuntos
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Animais , Ovinos/genética , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/genética , Camelus/genética , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Rifampina , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Background: In many parts of the Old World, domesticated camels (genus - Camelus) are an essential resource, providing food, labor, commodities, and sport to millions of people Of the three extent species, two have been domesticated (singlehumped dromedarius, Camelus dromedarius, and two humped Bactrian camels Camelus bactrianus) and one remains wild (two-humped wild Bactrian camels Camelus ferus). All three species possess a variety adaptations to harsh desert conditions, including mechanisms to tolerate of extreme temperatures, dehydration, and sandy terrain. People residing in harsh climate zones of the world are being benefitted by raising camels in terms of draft, milk, meat, hides and wool from centuries. There are different breeds of dromedary camels distributed in various parts of Pakistan; however there have been scarcity of research work on camels in Pakistan. Identification of novel link between Camel breeders with fatal neurodegenerative disorders is presence or not can be detect by a Prion gene and it was not carried out in Pakistan soil to date. Prion diseases which are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders affect both animals and humans. It is believed that the prions are infectious agents responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In this study we report the first study on Prion protein gene in dromedary camels of Pakistan. Material, Methods & Results: Genes are the blueprint of life and determine the functional aspects of cellular mechanisms. Genomic DNA of the enrolled blood samples was extracted using the Nucleospin® DNA extraction kit. Genomic DNA was run on Agarose gel electrophoresis, checked the Genomic DNA quality and amplified using prion region specific primer pair. Prion protein gene was amplified (770 bp) in 35 individuals of seven dromedary camel breeds from the province...[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Camelus/genética , Príons/análise , Príons/genética , Paquistão , Polimorfismo Genético , Filogenia , Deleção de GenesRESUMO
Background: In many parts of the Old World, domesticated camels (genus - Camelus) are an essential resource, providing food, labor, commodities, and sport to millions of people Of the three extent species, two have been domesticated (singlehumped dromedarius, Camelus dromedarius, and two humped Bactrian camels Camelus bactrianus) and one remains wild (two-humped wild Bactrian camels Camelus ferus). All three species possess a variety adaptations to harsh desert conditions, including mechanisms to tolerate of extreme temperatures, dehydration, and sandy terrain. People residing in harsh climate zones of the world are being benefitted by raising camels in terms of draft, milk, meat, hides and wool from centuries. There are different breeds of dromedary camels distributed in various parts of Pakistan; however there have been scarcity of research work on camels in Pakistan. Identification of novel link between Camel breeders with fatal neurodegenerative disorders is presence or not can be detect by a Prion gene and it was not carried out in Pakistan soil to date. Prion diseases which are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders affect both animals and humans. It is believed that the prions are infectious agents responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In this study we report the first study on Prion protein gene in dromedary camels of Pakistan. Material, Methods & Results: Genes are the blueprint of life and determine the functional aspects of cellular mechanisms. Genomic DNA of the enrolled blood samples was extracted using the Nucleospin® DNA extraction kit. Genomic DNA was run on Agarose gel electrophoresis, checked the Genomic DNA quality and amplified using prion region specific primer pair. Prion protein gene was amplified (770 bp) in 35 individuals of seven dromedary camel breeds from the province...[...]
Assuntos
Animais , Camelus/genética , Filogenia , Paquistão , Polimorfismo Genético , Príons/análise , Príons/genética , Deleção de GenesRESUMO
The Bactrian camel is an important domesticated animal providing milk, meat, and other products in desert countries. In this study, 111 individuals representing 11 domestic Bactrian camel breeds from China, Mongolia, Russia, and one wild Bactrian camel group from Mongolia were selected for the preparation of mitochondrial DNA. The 1140-bp fragments of the cytochrome b gene (Cytb) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced directly. Sequences of the 92 domestic and 19 wild Bactrian camel samples were analyzed with DNASTAR, and a phylogenic tree was constructed using MEGA. The analysis revealed sixteen haplotypes among the samples that were divided into two haplogroups: a domestic haplogroup (H1-H13, H15, and H16) and a wild haplogroup (H14). Haplotype diversity values were from 0.356 in the HosZogdort, to 0.889 in the Sunit Bactrian camel breed. The Sunit breed displayed the highest nucleotide diversity value (0.00115), and the HosZogdort breed had the lowest value (0.00031). All domestic Bactrian camels formed a single monophyletic lineage that is the sister group to wild Bactrian camels, a finding consistent with a single domestication event and independent maternal inheritance since domestication. In addition, the most common mitochondrial haplotypes (H1, H3, and H4) were shared between Chinese, Mongolian, and Russian domestic Bactrian camels, which indicated that there was no distinguishing geographic structure among the domestic breeds from these three regions. These findings provide important insights into patterns of relatedness among Bactrian camels from the Chinese, Mongolian, and Russian regions.
Assuntos
Camelus/genética , Citocromos b/genética , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Sequência de Bases , Cruzamento , China , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Genes Mitocondriais , Variação Genética , Haplótipos , Mongólia , Filogenia , Federação Russa , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The domesticated one-humped Arabian camel, Camelus dromedarius, is one of the most important animals in the Arabian Peninsula. Most of its life, this animal is exposed to both intrinsic and extrinsic genotoxic factors that are known to cause gross metabolic alterations in many organisms. This study determined the full length coding sequence of 3 cytochrome P450s cDNAs; namely, CYP450 1A1, CYP450 2C and CYP450 3A using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The C. dromedarius CYP450s 1A1, 2C, and 3A have open reading frames of 1563, 1473, and 1566 bp and cDNAs that encode proteins of 520, 490, and 521 amino acid residues, respectively. The molecular weights calculated for CYP1A1, 2C, and 3A were found to be 58.651, 56.03, and 58.594 kDa, while the predicted calculated isoelectric points using a computer algorithm were 7.315, 6.579, and 9.46. The deduced amino acid sequences of these CYPs showed the membrane anchored signal peptide, the conserved proline-rich amino terminus and the characteristic heme-binding signature localized near the carboxy terminus of the protein.
Assuntos
Camelus/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/genética , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética , Animais , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Complementar/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
Within cetartiodactyl species, both New and Old World camelids are uniquely adapted to the extremely hot and dry climates of African-Asian territories and to the high altitude cold and hypoxic environment of the whole Andean area. In order to investigate the potential association between these particular adaptations and mitochondrial aerobic energy production, we examined the camelid genes of cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, II, and III and the replacement of amino acids inferred. We found that all subunits had undergone a number of replacements in sites otherwise conserved in other cetartiodactyls. Changes of COXI and COXIII were mainly located in the transmembrane helices of proteins. For COXII, although most of the changes did not occur in sites directly involved in electron transfer, a shift of D by T at 115 position of Old World camelid might modify electrostatic interactions with cytochrome c. COXII also showed an increased relative evolutionary rate respect to other cetartiodactyls compared.