RESUMO
Abstract This study investigated the synergy testing of penicillin, cephalosporin, amphenicols, and aminoglycoside in the camel milk (n=768 samples), subsequently used for isolation of MDR S. aureus targeting mecA gene. Antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus showed >90% isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim and resistant against oxacillin, ampicillin, and cefoxitin. Further, 50-85% of the S. aureus were sensitive to gentamicin, oxytetracycline, and chloramphenicol and resistant against cefotaxime, vancomycin, and cefixime. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefotaxime, (C) and ampicillin (A) in combination with gentamicin (G) was reduced by 99.34% and 70.46%, respectively, while with chloramphenicol (Ch), reduction was 57.49% and 60%, respectively. In addition, the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) of G+A, Ch+C and Ch+G combinations showed synergy against 80%, 60%, and 30% of MDR S. aureus, respectively. Similarly, C+A and Ch+G displayed indifferent interaction against 70 % and 30% of isolates, respectively, while the later showed additive interaction against 10% of MDR S. aureus. Altogether, our results described effective combination of gentamicin and chloramphenicol with ampicillin and cefotaxime to combat MDR S. aureus
Assuntos
Penicilinas/agonistas , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Cloranfenicol/agonistas , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Aminoglicosídeos/agonistas , Camelus/classificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/instrumentação , Genes MDR , Leite/classificaçãoRESUMO
The present investigation aimed to determine the effects of age and seasons of the year on the testicular sperm reserve and seru m testosterone concentration in dromedary camels. Testes were collected from a local slaughterhouse during a period of one year ( breeding and non - breeding seasons) from two age groups (GI: 4 - 6 y r and GII: 8 - 10 y r ). Testicular sperm reserve was determined during the breeding ( December - May ) and non - breeding ( June - November ) seasons. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum testosterone concentration (ng/ml) . There was highly significant difference (P < 0.01) in the testicular sperm reserve between breeding (1 3 . 5 8 x 10 9 ) and non - breeding ( 9 . 90 x 10 9 ) seasons. The serum testosterone concentration (ng/ml) w as significantly increased during the breeding season (10.94 ng/ml) compared with that of the non - breeding season ( 4.43 ng/ml) . Testicular sperm reserve (1 4 . 3 4 in GII vs . 9 . 13 in GI) and serum testosterone concentration (10.43 vs . 4.94 ng /ml ) were significantly (P < 0.01) increased by age . It co uld be concluded that the age of the animal and season of the year have significant effects on the testicular sperm reserve and serum testosterone concentration in dromedary camels.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Testosterona/química , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Sêmen , Camelus/classificaçãoRESUMO
The present investigation aimed to determine the effects of age and seasons of the year on the testicular sperm reserve and seru m testosterone concentration in dromedary camels. Testes were collected from a local slaughterhouse during a period of one year ( breeding and non - breeding seasons) from two age groups (GI: 4 - 6 y r and GII: 8 - 10 y r ). Testicular sperm reserve was determined during the breeding ( December - May ) and non - breeding ( June - November ) seasons. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum testosterone concentration (ng/ml) . There was highly significant difference (P < 0.01) in the testicular sperm reserve between breeding (1 3 . 5 8 x 10 9 ) and non - breeding ( 9 . 90 x 10 9 ) seasons. The serum testosterone concentration (ng/ml) w as significantly increased during the breeding season (10.94 ng/ml) compared with that of the non - breeding season ( 4.43 ng/ml) . Testicular sperm reserve (1 4 . 3 4 in GII vs . 9 . 13 in GI) and serum testosterone concentration (10.43 vs . 4.94 ng /ml ) were significantly (P < 0.01) increased by age . It co uld be concluded that the age of the animal and season of the year have significant effects on the testicular sperm reserve and serum testosterone concentration in dromedary camels.
Assuntos
Animais , Sêmen , Testosterona/química , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Camelus/classificaçãoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cooling ovarian tissue on the morphology, viability and developmental ability of camel antral follicular oocytes. Ovaries were maintained in saline solution (0.9%) at 4 or 20°C for 6, 12, 18 or 24 h. After storage, COCs were recovered from dromedary ovaries and were evaluated for morphology and viability by trypan blue exclusion test. To assess the viability of stored oocytes, morphologically normal and live COCs isolated from ovaries stored at 4°C for 24 h and at 20°C for 6 h were in vitro matured (IVM) in TCM 199 + 10 µg/ml FSH + 10 IU hCG/ml + 10% FCS + 50 µg/ml gentamycin for 30 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. The percentage of morphologically normal and live oocytes was significantly reduced in ovarian tissue stored at 20°C for 12, 18 or 24 h. Follicular oocytes stored in 4°C for up to 24 h or 20°C for 6 h presented the same growth pattern as fresh follicular oocytes. We conclude that storage of camel ovaries at 4°C for up to 24 h or at 20°C for up to 6 h did not affect the morphology and viability of oocytes or their ability to mature in vitro.
Assuntos
Animais , Ovário/citologia , Oócitos/citologia , Camelus/classificaçãoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cooling ovarian tissue on the morphology, viability and developmental ability of camel antral follicular oocytes. Ovaries were maintained in saline solution (0.9%) at 4 or 20°C for 6, 12, 18 or 24 h. After storage, COCs were recovered from dromedary ovaries and were evaluated for morphology and viability by trypan blue exclusion test. To assess the viability of stored oocytes, morphologically normal and live COCs isolated from ovaries stored at 4°C for 24 h and at 20°C for 6 h were in vitro matured (IVM) in TCM 199 + 10 µg/ml FSH + 10 IU hCG/ml + 10% FCS + 50 µg/ml gentamycin for 30 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. The percentage of morphologically normal and live oocytes was significantly reduced in ovarian tissue stored at 20°C for 12, 18 or 24 h. Follicular oocytes stored in 4°C for up to 24 h or 20°C for 6 h presented the same growth pattern as fresh follicular oocytes. We conclude that storage of camel ovaries at 4°C for up to 24 h or at 20°C for up to 6 h did not affect the morphology and viability of oocytes or their ability to mature in vitro.(AU)