RESUMO
Cerro de Pasco, Peru, has been excessively contaminated with heavy metals due to high mining activities in the region. We investigated the presence of chronic exposure to heavy metals in children living in Cerro de Pasco and its effect on health. Heavy metal concentrations were determined in hair samples collected from 78 children living in a region exposed to an open-pit mine (Paragsha region) and from other 16 children unexposed to mine activities (Carhuamayo region). Children exposed to the mine showed statistically significant higher concentration of aluminum, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, iron, lead, tin and thallium (p < 0.05) than control children. Hair samples collected from the same children in two occasions (2016 and 2018) showed that the exposure is chronic with higher levels of heavy metals observed in 2018. The concentration of heavy metals was higher in hair tip than in hair root samples. Heavy metals are associated with substantial higher risk of nosebleed (odds ratio, OR = 15.40), chronic colic (OR = 7.30), dermatologic alterations (OR = 6.16), mood alterations (OR = 7.07), presence of white lines on nails (OR = 12.10), reduced visual camp (OR = 3.97) and other symptoms (OR = 5.12). Chronic heavy metal exposure implies various negative consequences on children's health. Preventive measures are crucial to protect children's health.
Assuntos
Saúde da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Cólica/epidemiologia , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Metais Pesados/efeitos adversos , Metais Pesados/análise , Transtornos do Humor/epidemiologia , Doenças da Unha/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cólica/induzido quimicamente , Cólica/patologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos do Humor/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos do Humor/patologia , Doenças da Unha/induzido quimicamente , Doenças da Unha/patologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias/induzido quimicamente , Dermatopatias/patologiaRESUMO
The left displacement of the large colon, a condition that commonly occurs in horses, has two clinical manifestations. Different treatments including medical treatment, rolling the horse under general anesthesia or surgical correction have been recommended. The diagnosis can often be made by rectal examination and confirmed by percutaneous ultrasonography. During the period between 2004 and 2009, 11 horses were treated for left displacement of the large colon by rolling the horses under general anesthesia, using a slightly different technique than the ones previously described. The clinical case selection was based on rectal palpation confirmed with ultrasonogram. Nine animals were successfully treated and two had to be submitted to surgery after three attempts of rolling. No short or long term complications were observed after the procedure. Only one animal had a recurrence of the clinical manifestation 10 months after the first treatment and was successfully rolled once again. Despite a bit different from the other rolling procedures, this also proved to be an effective procedure. Rolling a horse even when attempted more than once showed to be a safe procedure, however, we reinforce the need for special attention following the procedure in order to establish proper emergency procedures in case complications occur.
Durante o período de 2004 a 2009, 11 animais foram tratados para o deslocamento à esquerda do cólon maior, por meio da técnica de rolamento sob anestesia geral, com uma técnica distinta das demais previamente descritas. A seleção dos casos foi baseada nos achados da palpação retal e confirmada ultrassonograficamente. Nove animais foram tratados com sucesso e dois foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico após três tentativas de rolamento. Não foram observadas complicações decorrentes do procedimento a curto e a longo prazos. Somente um animal apresentou recidiva do quadro clínico 10 meses após o tratamento e foi novamente submetido ao rolamento. Apesar da diferença com relação às outras técnicas, esta também se mostrou eficaz. O rolamento, mesmo quando realizado mais de uma vez, mostrou ser um procedimento seguro, porém enfatiza-se a necessidade de cuidados especiais aos animais após a sua realização, pois medidas emergenciais podem ser necessárias caso complicações decorrentes desta técnica ocorram.
Assuntos
Animais , Abdome/anatomia & histologia , Cólica/patologia , Colo/anatomia & histologia , Cavalos/classificação , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The left displacement of the large colon, a condition that commonly occurs in horses, has two clinical manifestations. Different treatments including medical treatment, rolling the horse under general anesthesia or surgical correction have been recommended. The diagnosis can often be made by rectal examination and confirmed by percutaneous ultrasonography. During the period between 2004 and 2009, 11 horses were treated for left displacement of the large colon by rolling the horses under general anesthesia, using a slightly different technique than the ones previously described. The clinical case selection was based on rectal palpation confirmed with ultrasonogram. Nine animals were successfully treated and two had to be submitted to surgery after three attempts of rolling. No short or long term complications were observed after the procedure. Only one animal had a recurrence of the clinical manifestation 10 months after the first treatment and was successfully rolled once again. Despite a bit different from the other rolling procedures, this also proved to be an effective procedure. Rolling a horse even when attempted more than once showed to be a safe procedure, however, we reinforce the need for special attention following the procedure in order to establish proper emergency procedures in case complications occur.(AU)
Durante o período de 2004 a 2009, 11 animais foram tratados para o deslocamento à esquerda do cólon maior, por meio da técnica de rolamento sob anestesia geral, com uma técnica distinta das demais previamente descritas. A seleção dos casos foi baseada nos achados da palpação retal e confirmada ultrassonograficamente. Nove animais foram tratados com sucesso e dois foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico após três tentativas de rolamento. Não foram observadas complicações decorrentes do procedimento a curto e a longo prazos. Somente um animal apresentou recidiva do quadro clínico 10 meses após o tratamento e foi novamente submetido ao rolamento. Apesar da diferença com relação às outras técnicas, esta também se mostrou eficaz. O rolamento, mesmo quando realizado mais de uma vez, mostrou ser um procedimento seguro, porém enfatiza-se a necessidade de cuidados especiais aos animais após a sua realização, pois medidas emergenciais podem ser necessárias caso complicações decorrentes desta técnica ocorram.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Colo/anatomia & histologia , Cólica/patologia , Abdome/anatomia & histologia , Cavalos/classificação , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We explored whether gut inflammation, colonic fermentation, and/or an altered colonic flora could provide a pathophysiological mechanism for colic. STUDY DESIGN: The study population consisted of 36 term infants ranging in age from 14 to 81 days. We measured fecal calprotectin (a marker of neutrophil infiltration) by ELISA; stool microorganisms by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, cloning, and sequencing; and breath hydrogen levels using gas chromatography. RESULTS: During 24 hours, infants with colic (n = 19) cried and fussed for a mean of 314 +/- 36 (SEM) minutes, compared with control infants (n = 17, 103 +/- 17 minutes). Fecal calprotectin levels were 2-fold higher in infants with colic than in control infants (413 +/- 71 vs 197 +/- 46 microg/g, P = .042). Stools of infants with colic had fewer identifiable bands on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Klebsiella species were detected in more colic patients than in control patients (8 vs 1, P = .02), whereas Enterobacter/Pantoea species were detected only in the control patients. These differences could not be attributed to differences in formula versus breast milk feeding, consumption of elemental formula, or exposure to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Infants with colic, a condition previously believed to be nonorganic in nature, have evidence of intestinal neutrophilic infiltration and a less diverse fecal microflora.
Assuntos
Cólica/metabolismo , Cólica/microbiologia , Fezes/química , Fezes/microbiologia , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/metabolismo , Testes Respiratórios , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cólica/patologia , Choro , Feminino , Gastroenterite/complicações , Gastroenterite/metabolismo , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Humanos , Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/análise , Masculino , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/fisiologiaRESUMO
El cólico del lactante es una molestia frecuente, por la cual el infante es llevado por primera vez al médico. Es un síndrome en el que lactantes sanos con crecimiento y desarrollo normales, habitualmente menores de tres meses de edad, tienen episodios de irritabilidad, llanto excesivo e inconsolable sin razón aparente. Es un problema que afecta a todas las clases sociales, con una prevalencia entre un 10 a un 2 por ciento de los lactantes. El inicio puede ser en cualquier momento después del nacimiento; suele comenzar a las 2-3 semanas de vida, alcanza su pico máximo entre las 6-8 semanas y la mayoria mejora a los meses de edad