RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare survival outcomes and intra-arrest arterial blood pressures between children receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation for bradycardia and poor perfusion and those with pulseless cardiac arrests. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter observational study. SETTING: PICUs and cardiac ICUs of the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. PATIENTS: Children (< 19 yr old) who received greater than or equal to 1 minute of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring in place. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 164 patients, 96 (59%) had bradycardia and poor perfusion as the initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation rhythm. Compared to those with initial pulseless rhythms, these children were younger (0.4 vs 1.4 yr; p = 0.005) and more likely to have a respiratory etiology of arrest (p < 0.001). Children with bradycardia and poor perfusion were more likely to survive to hospital discharge (adjusted odds ratio, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.10-4.83; p = 0.025) and survive with favorable neurologic outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.04-4.67; p = 0.036). There were no differences in diastolic or systolic blood pressures or event survival (return of spontaneous circulation or return of circulation via extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Among patients with bradycardia and poor perfusion, 49 of 96 (51%) had subsequent pulselessness during the cardiopulmonary resuscitation event. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, these patients had lower diastolic blood pressure (point estimate, -6.68 mm Hg [-10.92 to -2.44 mm Hg]; p = 0.003) and systolic blood pressure (point estimate, -12.36 mm Hg [-23.52 to -1.21 mm Hg]; p = 0.032) and lower rates of return of spontaneous circulation (26/49 vs 42/47; p < 0.001) than those who were never pulseless. CONCLUSIONS: Most children receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation in ICUs had an initial rhythm of bradycardia and poor perfusion. They were more likely to survive to hospital discharge and survive with favorable neurologic outcomes than patients with pulseless arrests, although there were no differences in immediate event outcomes or intra-arrest hemodynamics. Patients who progressed to pulselessness after cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiation had lower intra-arrest hemodynamics and worse event outcomes than those who were never pulseless.
Assuntos
Bradicardia/mortalidade , Bradicardia/terapia , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/mortalidade , Parada Cardíaca/mortalidade , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Adolescente , Pressão Sanguínea , Bradicardia/fisiopatologia , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Parada Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Reperfusão/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease is a major public health problem affecting both developed and developing countries. Acute coronary syndromes include unstable angina and myocardial infarction with or without ST-segment elevation (electrocardiogram sector is higher than baseline). Ventricular arrhythmia after myocardial infarction is associated with high risk of mortality. The evidence is out of date, and considerable uncertainty remains about the effects of prophylactic use of lidocaine on all-cause mortality, in particular, in patients with suspected myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical effectiveness and safety of prophylactic lidocaine in preventing death among people with myocardial infarction. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2015, Issue 3), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 13 April 2015), EMBASE (1947 to 13 April 2015) and Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) (1986 to 13 April 2015). We also searched Web of Science (1970 to 13 April 2013) and handsearched the reference lists of included papers. We applied no language restriction in the search. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction. We considered all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality and overall survival at 30 days after myocardial infarction as primary outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We performed study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction in duplicate. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes and measured statistical heterogeneity using I(2). We used a random-effects model and conducted trial sequential analysis. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 37 randomised controlled trials involving 11,948 participants. These trials compared lidocaine versus placebo or no intervention, disopyramide, mexiletine, tocainide, propafenone, amiodarone, dimethylammonium chloride, aprindine and pirmenol. Overall, trials were underpowered and had high risk of bias. Ninety-seven per cent of trials (36/37) were conducted without an a priori sample size estimation. Ten trials were sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. Trials were conducted in 17 countries, and intravenous intervention was the most frequent route of administration.In trials involving participants with proven or non-proven acute myocardial infarction, lidocaine versus placebo or no intervention showed no significant differences regarding all-cause mortality (213/5879 (3.62%) vs 199/5848 (3.40%); RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.27; participants = 11727; studies = 18; I(2) = 15%); low-quality evidence), cardiac mortality (69/4184 (1.65%) vs 62/4093 (1.51%); RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.50; participants = 8277; studies = 12; I(2) = 12%; low-quality evidence) and prophylaxis of ventricular fibrillation (76/5128 (1.48%) vs 103/4987 (2.01%); RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.12; participants = 10115; studies = 16; I(2) = 18%; low-quality evidence). In terms of sinus bradycardia, lidocaine effect is imprecise compared with effects of placebo or no intervention (55/1346 (4.08%) vs 49/1203 (4.07%); RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.80; participants = 2549; studies = 8; I(2) = 21%; very low-quality evidence). In trials involving only participants with proven acute myocardial infarction, lidocaine versus placebo or no intervention showed no significant differences in all-cause mortality (148/2747 (5.39%) vs 135/2506 (5.39%); RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.30; participants = 5253; studies = 16; I(2) = 9%; low-quality evidence). No significant differences were noted between lidocaine and any other antiarrhythmic drug in terms of all-cause mortality and ventricular fibrillation. Data on overall survival 30 days after myocardial infarction were not reported. Lidocaine compared with placebo or no intervention increased risk of asystole (35/3393 (1.03%) vs 14/3443 (0.41%); RR 2.32, 95% CI 1.26 to 4.26; participants = 6826; studies = 4; I(2) = 0%; very low-quality evidence) and dizziness/drowsiness (74/1259 (5.88%) vs 16/1274 (1.26%); RR 3.85, 95% CI 2.29 to 6.47; participants = 2533; studies = 6; I(2) = 0%; low-quality evidence). Overall, safety data were poorly reported and adverse events may have been underestimated. Trial sequential analyses suggest that additional trials may not be needed for reliable conclusions to be drawn regarding these outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: This Cochrane review found evidence of low quality to suggest that prophylactic lidocaine has very little or no effect on mortality or ventricular fibrillation in people with acute myocardial infarction. The safety profile is unclear. This conclusion is based on randomised controlled trials with high risk of bias. However (disregarding the risk of bias), trial sequential analysis suggests that additional trials may not be needed to disprove an intervention effect of 20% relative risk reduction. Smaller risk reductions might require additional higher trials.
Assuntos
Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Arritmias Cardíacas/prevenção & controle , Lidocaína/uso terapêutico , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Arritmias Cardíacas/mortalidade , Bradicardia/mortalidade , Bradicardia/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fibrilação Ventricular/mortalidade , Fibrilação Ventricular/prevenção & controleAssuntos
Hepatomegalia , Hipoglicemia , Estatura , Bradicardia/etiologia , Bradicardia/mortalidade , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hepatomegalia/complicações , Hepatomegalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Hepatomegalia/mortalidade , Hepatomegalia/patologia , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/complicações , Hipoglicemia/mortalidade , Lactente , Fígado/patologia , RadiografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diagnosis, care and prevention of hemolytic disease in fetuses and newborns is the most prominent historical example of a successful medical procedure aimed to abate perinatal morbidity and mortality caused by a disease which for centuries was described only unknown origin. OBJECTIVE: To review the perinatal outcome with intrauterine transfusion (IUT) in severe alloimmunization RhD over 21 years in a referral center of Mexico. The overall survival rate of fetuses and the relations with gestational age, and presence or absence of hydrops was analyzed. The authors present data about alloimmunization and a historical synopsis about IUT in México. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 1987, to January 31, 2008. It was collected only RhD immunizations. Primary outcome variables included gestational age and presence or absence of hydrops, type and number of IUT in each case, and we studied fetal and neonatal morbidity. RESULTS: A total of 531 IUTs were performed in 150 fetuses. Severe hydrops was found at start of intrauterine treatment in 67 cases (45%). The survival rate was closely related to absence or presence of hydrops (88 and 60%), respectively. There were 123 liveborn fetuses and the procedure-related fetal loss rate was low (1.9%). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed good outcome with IUT for fetal anemia and the loss rate was low and similar to another publications. The hydrops was the principal factor in the survival rate because late detection and referral of fetuses is critical for fetal and neonatal outcome.
Assuntos
Transfusão de Sangue Intrauterina , Eritroblastose Fetal/terapia , Hidropisia Fetal/terapia , Isoimunização Rh/complicações , Descolamento Prematuro da Placenta/etiologia , Descolamento Prematuro da Placenta/mortalidade , Transfusão de Sangue Intrauterina/efeitos adversos , Transfusão de Sangue Intrauterina/métodos , Transfusão de Sangue Intrauterina/estatística & dados numéricos , Bradicardia/etiologia , Bradicardia/mortalidade , Eritroblastose Fetal/etiologia , Feminino , Morte Fetal/epidemiologia , Morte Fetal/etiologia , Morte Fetal/prevenção & controle , Doenças Fetais/etiologia , Idade Gestacional , Hemorragia/embriologia , Hemorragia/etiologia , Hemorragia/mortalidade , Maternidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Hidropisia Fetal/etiologia , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Arritmias cardíacas de algum tipo ocorrem entre 10 por cento e 30 por cento nos exames de Holter nas crianças. Podem ser assintomáticas e benignas, porém em muitos casos produzem sintomas incapacitantes e risco de morte súbita. Frequentemente estão relacionadas a cardiopatias congênitas ou a cirurgias de correção, assim como à presença de feixes ou vias anômalas ou a cardiopatias adquiridas. A ablação por cateter por meio de radiofrequência mudou a história natural de muitas arritmias pediátricas, permitindo a cura definitiva na maioria dos casos. Adicionalmente, marcapassos especiais, desfibriladores e ressincronizadores estão cada vez mais estendendo seus benefícios ao pequeno paciente. Análises clínicas e laboratoriais...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Arritmias Cardíacas , Bradicardia/complicações , Bradicardia/mortalidade , Taquicardia/complicações , Taquicardia/mortalidade , Marca-Passo Artificial , Síncope/complicações , Síncope/mortalidadeRESUMO
Paciente de 66 anos, do sexo feminino, fazendo uso da associaçao amitriptilina e carbamazepina, indicada para o tratamento de dor crônica devido a radiculopatia diabética, apresentou, durante o tratamento antidepressivo, bradicardia sinusal grave com repercussao hemodinâmica, evoluindo para rítmo juncional, tendo sido necessária a implantaçao de marcapasso cardíaco provisório. Após 36 horas da suspensao da medicaçao antidepressiva observou-se retorno ao ritmo sinusal. Os antidepressivos tricíclicos (ADT) têm sido indicados no controle da síndrome dolorosa crônica, e seus efeitos farmacológicos compreeendem a melhor transmissao das monoaminas por inibiçao da recaptaçao do transmissor na sinapse, alteraçoes na sensibilidade do receptor andrenérgico pré e pós- sináptico e açoes anticolinérgicas. A utilizaçao de doses elevadas de ADT pode provocar graves efeitos cardíacos, principalmente distúrbios do ritmo e da conduçao intraventricular. Conclui-se que o uso de ADT, particularmente em idosos, deve ser cuidadosamente monitorado.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Bradicardia/induzido quimicamente , Carbamazepina/efeitos adversos , Amitriptilina/efeitos adversos , Bradicardia/fisiopatologia , Bradicardia/mortalidade , Dor Lombar/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Amitriptilina/toxicidade , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/administração & dosagem , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/efeitos adversos , Frequência Cardíaca , Neuropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
A 66 year-old female patient, with severe chronic pain caused by diabetic radiculopathy, treated with association of amitriptiline and carbamazepine, presented severe sinusal bradycardia with hemodynamic disturbances ensuing junctional rhythm, which required installation of temporary pace-maker. The drugs were withdrawn. Reversion to sinusal rhythm occurred 36 hours after the installation of bradycardia. The pace-maker was withdrawn. It was concluded that the use of tricyclic antidepressive drugs, particularly in the elderly, should be carefully monitored.
Assuntos
Amitriptilina/efeitos adversos , Bradicardia/induzido quimicamente , Carbamazepina/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Amitriptilina/toxicidade , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/administração & dosagem , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/efeitos adversos , Bradicardia/mortalidade , Bradicardia/fisiopatologia , Neuropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Dor Lombar/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Se presenta una paciente con Síndrome de Sjögren, que se embaraza. Es tratada con prednisona y aspirina pero a las 26 semanas de embarazo con el informe de bradicardia en el producto, se documenta una recaída y de laboratorio obteniéndose un título de anti SS-A /Ro de 1:51 200 y anticuerpos contra fosfolípidos de 1:400. En este momento la evaluación cardiológica muestra la presencia de una disociación A-V y una miocarditis severa. Con estos datos, se le maneja con tres plasmaféresis. Desafortunadamente, 25 días más tarde por escosonografía no se observan movimientos fetales y con el Doppler hay ausencia de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal, por lo que se decide terminar el embarazo por medio de una cesárea. Posteriormente la paciente ha estado totalmente asintomática con tratamiento a base de prednisona y metotrexate
Assuntos
Gravidez , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Bradicardia/diagnóstico , Bradicardia/mortalidade , Morte Fetal/etiologia , Plasmaferese , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Síndrome de Sjogren/complicações , Síndrome de Sjogren/imunologia , Síndrome de Sjogren/terapiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognosis in patients with diphtherial myocarditis and bradyarrhythmias and to assess the results of ventricular pacing in those with third degree atrioventricular block. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Referral department of cardiology in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty four out of 46 patients admitted with diphtherial myocarditis over 10 years had bradyarrhythmias. Six had sinus bradycardia, 15 atrioventricular or intraventricular conduction disturbances, and three atrioventricular dissociation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Death rate. RESULTS: Eleven patients died (46%): all seven patients with third degree atrioventricular block, the patient with bifascicular block, and three of the six patients with bundle branch block. Seven died of cardiogenic shock and four of ventricular fibrillation. All nine patients with sinus bradycardia or atrioventricular dissociation survived. CONCLUSION: Conduction system disturbances in patients with diphtherial myocarditis are markers of severe myocardial damage and a poor prognosis. In addition, ventricular pacing does not improve survival.