RESUMO
Tissue injury leads to the release of uric acid (UA). At high local concentrations, UA can form monosodium urate crystals (MSU). MSU and UA stimulate neutrophils to release extracellular traps (NET). Here, we investigated whether these NET could be involved in the development of inflammation by stimulating cytokine release by airway epithelial cells. We found that NET significantly increased the secretion of CXCL8/IL-8 and IL-6 by alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. These effects were not observed when NETosis was inhibited by Diphenyleneiodonium, elastase inhibitor, or Cl-amidine. Similar findings were made with NET induced by cigarette smoke extract, suggesting that NET proinflammatory capacity is independent of the inducing stimulus. Furthermore, NET affected neither the viability and morphology of epithelial cells nor the barrier integrity of polarized cells. The epithelial stimulatory capacity of NET was not affected by degradation of DNA with micrococcal nuclease, treatment with heparin, or inhibition of the elastase immobilized to DNA, but it was significantly reduced by pretreatment with an anti-HMGB-1 blocking antibody. Altogether, our findings indicate that NET exert direct proinflammatory effects on airway epithelial cells that might contribute in vivo to the further recruitment of neutrophils and the perpetuation of inflammation upon lung tissue damage.
Assuntos
Brônquios/parasitologia , Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Inflamação/imunologia , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Alvéolos Pulmonares/patologia , Mucosa Respiratória/imunologia , Anticorpos Bloqueadores/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Fumar Cigarros/efeitos adversos , Armadilhas Extracelulares/imunologia , Proteína HMGB1/imunologia , Humanos , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Oniocompostos/farmacologia , Ornitina/análogos & derivados , Ornitina/farmacologia , Proteínas Secretadas Inibidoras de Proteinases/farmacologia , Mucosa Respiratória/patologia , Ácido Úrico/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyse the oxidative and anti-oxidant status in serum samples from dairy cows naturally infected by Dictyocaulus viviparus and its relation with pathological analyses. The diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by necropsy of one dairy cow with heavy infection by the parasite in the lungs and bronchi. Later, blood and faeces were collected from another 22 cows from the same farm to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities on day 0 (pre-treatment) and day 10 (post-treatment with eprinomectin). Faecal examination confirmed the infection in all lactating cows. However, the number of D. viviparus larvae per gram of faeces varied between animals. Cows showed different degrees of severity according to respiratory clinical signs of the disease (cough and nasal secretion). Further, they were classified and divided into two groups: those with mild (n = 10) and severe disease (n = 12). Increased levels of TBARS (P < 0.001), ROS (P = 0.002) and SOD activity (P < 0.001), as well as reduced CAT activity (P < 0.001) were observed in cows with severe clinical signs of the disease compared to those with mild clinical signs. Eprinomectin treatment (day 10) caused a reduction of ROS levels (P = 0.006) and SOD activity (P < 0.001), and an increase of CAT activity (P = 0.05) compared to day 0 (pre-treatment). TBARS levels did not differ with treatment (P = 0.11). In summary, increased ROS production and lipid peroxidation altered CAT and SOD activities, as an adaptive response against D. viviparus infection, contributing to the occurrence of oxidative stress and severity of the disease. Treatment with eprinomectin eliminated the infection, and thus minimized oxidative stress in dairy cows.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Infecções por Dictyocaulus/patologia , Dictyocaulus/isolamento & purificação , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Brônquios/parasitologia , Catalase/sangue , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Pulmão/parasitologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/sangue , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análiseRESUMO
This study describes Crenosoma brasiliense (Nematoda, Metastrongyloidea), a new species parasitic in bronchi and bronchioles of Galictis cuja (Molina) (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Brazil. This species differs from other 11 species of Crenosoma by having a cuticular projection at the distal end of the spicules, forming a prominent blade at the tip of the spicule, a vulval cuticular appendage with a triangular shape and prominent vulval lips. There are no previous records of species of Metastrongyloidea in G. cuja or species of Crenosoma in South America. Therefore, the new species represents the first host record and first geographical record of species of Crenosoma in South America.
Assuntos
Infecções por Cestoides/veterinária , Metastrongyloidea/classificação , Metastrongyloidea/isolamento & purificação , Mustelidae/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Brônquios/parasitologia , Infecções por Cestoides/epidemiologia , Infecções por Cestoides/parasitologia , Feminino , Pneumopatias/parasitologia , Pneumopatias/veterinária , Masculino , Metastrongyloidea/anatomia & histologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Mammomonogamus laryngeus is a nematode parasite that is usually found in the larynx of mammals in the tropics, especially in cattle, sheep and cats. OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of M. laryngeus was determined in cattle brought to an abattoir as an indicator of its prevalence in the general population. Materials and methods. The present study was undertaken in the municipality of La Tebaida, Quindio, Colombia, to determine the presence of M. laryngeus infection in cattle brought to a local abattoir between December and February 2009. The tracheae and lungs of 500 slaughtered cattle were examined. RESULTS: Parasite prevalence was 14.8% (n=74). The majority of worms were located on aryteno-epiglottic folds, but never in the tracheae or bronchi. The infection rate was highest (47%) in 2 to 2.5 year old animals. In infected animals, an average of 6.4 parasite pairs was found, with higher numbers in older animals. The prevalence of infection in cattle was greater than seen in the provinces of Valle del Cauca (10.0%), Quindío(3,0%) pr Caquetá (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Reports of this parasite in cattle indicate its circulation throughout Colombia and recommend surveillance studies where cattle are raised and prepared for human consumption.