RESUMO
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine environments as a result of contamination is an environmental concern, especially in regions where oil spills such as the Deepwater Horizon have occurred. While numerous PAHs have been studied for their effects on microbes, the family of dibenzopyrenes has yet to be investigated. In this preliminary study, the impacts of these molecules on the community structure of a bacterial consortium isolated from oil-impacted Gulf of Mexico sediment were examined using high-throughput sequencing, demonstrating intriguing negative impacts on species diversity and abundance. While no measurable degradation of the dibenzopyrenes was observed after 28-day incubation, the abundance of known oil-degrading bacteria from orders such as Oceanospirillales, Caulobacterales, Sphingomonadales, and Nitrosococcales were shown to be enhanced. Of the five isomers of dibenzopyrene studied, dibenzo[a,h]pyrene supported the fewer number of microbial species suggesting the isomer was more toxic compared to the other isomers.
Assuntos
Bactérias/metabolismo , Benzopirenos/análise , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Benzopirenos/metabolismo , Golfo do México , Poluição por Petróleo/efeitos adversos , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Água do Mar/química , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismoRESUMO
This paper reports the determination of 15 EPA-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzo[e]pyrene in water samples collected in Tripuí River, Ouro Preto City, MG, Brazil. Samples were collected between September 2006 (dry season) and November 2006 (wet season) in the neighborhood of an aluminum smelter. Detection limits and quantification limits were sufficiently low to accomplish PAH determination below the maximum concentration levels established by the Brazilian and USEPA legislations. Recoveries from water spiked samples were always larger than 89%. Fluoranthene, pyrene, phenanthrene, chrysene and benzo[b]fluoranthene predominated in the studied samples. The concentrations of PAHs upstream the aluminum smelter were systematically lower than those found downstream indicating a possible role of the smelter in the local pollution by PAHs. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis also showed remarkable differences of the characteristics of samples collected upstream and downstream the aluminum smelter and also of samples from wet and dry seasons.
Assuntos
Benzopirenos/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Rios/química , Alumínio , Brasil , Análise por Conglomerados , Análise de Componente Principal , Estações do AnoRESUMO
This study reports the analysis of polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) metabolites, as biomarkers of exposure to PACs in marine environment. PAC metabolites were measured in bile samples from 14 species of demersal fish caught in the São Sebastião Channel (SSC), SE Brazilian coastline. Naphthalene (NPH) equivalents, phenanthrene (PHN) equivalents, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalents were quantified using a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection method. For all samples, the means (+/-standard deviation, n=37) of concentrations obtained for NPH, PHN, and BaP equivalents were, respectively, 290,000+/-200,000 ng/g, 18,000+/-14,000 ng/g, and 970+/-1900 ng/g. These results indicate recent exposure of these fish to PACs in their environment. In addition, two species (Cyclichthys spinosus and Prionotus nudigula) of fish were analyzed in order to investigate local sources of PAC contamination in the SSC and the influence of the petroleum terminal in fish caught in remote areas. The results showed that these fish species potentially migrate along the channel, especially P. nudigula. Correlations among groups of PAC metabolites indicate the same petrogenic source for NPH and PHN equivalents and a combustion source (e.g., automobile, ships) for BaP equivalents. The ratio BaP/PHN equivalents (0.05+/-0.07, n=37) confirms the predominance of petrogenic PACs for contamination by these chemicals in this region.
Assuntos
Benzopirenos/análise , Bile/química , Exposição Ambiental , Peixes , Naftalenos/análise , Fenantrenos/análise , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Brasil , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/veterinária , Estatística como AssuntoRESUMO
Spirulina algae grow in highly salted natural lakes. Artificial cultivation in tanks with addition of carbon dioxide (natural gas, burned gases) has been studied in order to improve the biosynthesis. A possible 3, 4-benzopyrene (BaP) contamination must be then considered. Several BaP determinations have been performed in batches of algae from bath origins, prepared following different processes (filtration, spray, cylinder drying). BaP contents are very low (2 to 3 ppb) and comparable between batches.