RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of firocoxib for controlling experimentally-induced breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier in healthy and Toxoplasma gondii -seropositive cats. Thirty two cats with no ocular abnormalities were used. Groups (n=8/each) were formed with healthy cats that received 5mg g-1 of oral firocoxib (FH) or no treatment (CH) on day 0; seropositive cats for anti -T. gondii specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) were grouped (n=8/each) and treated in a similar fashion (FT and CT). On day 1, cats of all groups received the same treatment protocol, and 1h later, aqueocentesis was performed under general anesthesia (M0). Following 1h, the same procedure was repeated (M1). Quantitation of aqueous humor total protein and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined. Aqueous samples of seropositive cats were tested for anti- T. gondii specific IgG. In M0, aqueous samples of CT showed a significantly higher concentration of PGE2 in comparison with other groups (P 0.05). In all groups, PGE2 concentration increased significantly from M0 to M1 (P=0.001). PGE2 values did not change significantly between groups in M1 (P=0.17). Anti- T. gondii specific IgG were reported only in samples of M1, and aqueous titers did not change significantly between FT and CT (P=0.11). Although we have observed that aqueous humor PGE2 levels were significantly higher in cats of CT group during M0, such increase was not able to break the blood-aqueous barrier and cause anterior uveitis. Firocoxib did not prevent intraocular inflammation after aqueocentesis, in healthy and toxoplasmosis-seropositive cats.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia do firocoxib no controle da quebra da barreira hematoaquosa experimentalmente induzida em gatos saudáveis e com sorologia positiva para toxoplasmose. Para tanto, utilizaram-se trinta e dois gatos sem alterações oculares, alocados em grupos (n=8/cada) compostos por gatos saudáveis que receberam tratamento prévio com 5mg g-1 de firocoxib oral (HF) ou sem nenhum tratamento (CH) no dia 0, e por gatos com sorologia positiva para toxoplasmose tratados de maneira similar (FT e CT). No dia 1, os gatos de todos os grupos receberam o mesmo protocolo de tratamento do dia anterior e, 1h depois, foram submetidos à paracentese da câmara anterior sob anestesia geral (M0). Após 1h, realizou-se nova paracentese (M1). Mediante a colheita de humor aquoso (M0 e M1), quantificaram-se os valores de proteína total e prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) das amostras. As amostras dos gatos com sorologia positiva para toxoplasmose foram também testadas para anticorpos anti- T. gondii IgG específicos. Em M0, as amostras de humor aquoso de CT apresentaram concentração de PGE2 significativamente superior aos demais grupos (P 0,05). Em todos os grupos, a concentração de PGE2 aumentou significativamente de M0 para M1 (P=0,001), no entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em M1 (P=0,17). Anticorpos anti -T. gondii IgG específicos foram encontrados somente em amostras de M1, e os títulos não diferiram significativamente entre FT e CT (P=0,11). Valores de PGE2 significativamente superiores no CT durante M0 não foram capazes de induzir a quebra da barreira hematoaquosa e causar uveíte anterior nos gatos deste estudo. O firocoxib, por sua vez, não foi capaz de prevenir a quebra da barreira hematoaquosa após realização de paracente na câmara anterior em gatos saudáveis e com sorologia positiva para toxoplasmose.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Doenças do Gato , Dinoprostona , Toxoplasmose Animal , Barreira Hematoaquosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Inflamatórios , Oftalmopatias/veterináriaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on the blood-aqueous (BAB) and blood-retinal barriers (BRB) of pseudophakic eyes. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, investigator-masked, comparative study. Patients were randomly assigned to preservative-free artificial tears or BAK-preserved artificial tears. One drop of artificial tears was instilled 4 times a day in the study eye, starting the day after randomization for 30 days. Anterior chamber flare was assessed by a laser flare meter (LFM) and macular thickness measurements were obtained with optical coherence tomography, before, 15, and 30 days after randomization. RESULTS: A total of 44 healthy eyes of 44 pseudophakic volunteers were recruited. There were no significant differences regarding demographics (age, gender, and race distributions) and clinical characteristics (eye, mean intraocular pressure, and mean best-corrected visual acuity) between the 2 groups (P>0.05). No significant differences in baseline mean LFM values were observed (P=0.262). However, we detected a statistically significant increase in mean LFM measurements in the BAK-preserved group (11.4 ± 5.1 ph/ms) (P=0.017) after 15 days. After 30 days, the BAK-preserved group maintained significantly higher flare values (11.9 ± 5.9 ph/ms) compared with baseline (P=0.043). On the other hand, the preservative-free group showed mean flare values of 8.4 ± 2.5 ph/ms, not significantly different from those obtained at baseline (P=1.00). We observed no statistically significant change in macular thickness measurements at days 15 and 30 in either group (P>0.05). Cystoid macular edema was not detected in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a short-term exposure to BAK can cause disruption of the BAB, without altering the BRB in pseudophakic eyes.
Assuntos
Compostos de Benzalcônio/administração & dosagem , Barreira Hematoaquosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Barreira Hematorretiniana/efeitos dos fármacos , Lubrificantes Oftálmicos/administração & dosagem , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/administração & dosagem , Pseudofacia/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Compostos de Benzalcônio/efeitos adversos , Barreira Hematoaquosa/patologia , Barreira Hematorretiniana/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lubrificantes Oftálmicos/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Soluções Oftálmicas/administração & dosagem , Soluções Oftálmicas/efeitos adversos , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Pseudofacia/diagnóstico , Método Simples-Cego , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of topical latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost on the blood-aqueous barrier and central corneal thickness (CCT) of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, masked-observer, crossover clinical trial. METHODS: A total of 34 phakic patients with POAG or OHT with no previous history of intraocular surgery or uveitis completed the study. Patients were randomized to use latanoprost 0.005%, travoprost 0.004%, or bimatoprost 0.03% once daily (2000 hours) for 1 month, followed by a washout period of 4 weeks between each drug. Aqueous flare was measured with a laser flare metre. CCT was calculated as the average of five measurements using ultrasound pachymetry. All measurements were performed by a masked observer (1000 h). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between baseline mean IOP, mean CCT, and mean flare values among the groups. There was no statistically significant increase in mean flare values from baseline in all groups (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between mean flare values among the groups (P>0.05). All medications significantly reduced the mean IOP from baseline (P<0.0001). IOP reduction obtained with travoprost (7.3+/-3.8 mmHg) was significantly higher than that obtained with latanoprost (4.7+/-4.2 mmHg) (P=0.01). A statistically significant reduction in mean CCT (0.6+/-1.3%) from baseline was observed when patients instilled bimatoprost (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost had no statistically significant effect on the blood-aqueous barrier of phakic patients with POAG or OHT. Bimatoprost may be associated with a clinically irrelevant reduction in mean CCT.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Barreira Hematoaquosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão Ocular/fisiopatologia , Prostaglandinas F Sintéticas/farmacologia , Adulto , Idoso , Amidas/efeitos adversos , Amidas/farmacologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Humor Aquoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Bimatoprost , Cloprostenol/efeitos adversos , Cloprostenol/análogos & derivados , Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/tratamento farmacológico , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/patologia , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Latanoprosta , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertensão Ocular/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Ocular/patologia , Prostaglandinas F Sintéticas/efeitos adversos , TravoprostRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of prostaglandin analogues on the blood-aqueous barrier and to evaluate the occurrence of cystoid macular edema in aphakic or pseudophakic patients with glaucoma. METHODS: In this randomized, masked-observer, 6-month clinical trial, patients with primary open-angle, pseudophakic, or aphakic glaucoma were treated once daily with bimatoprost (n = 16), latanoprost (n = 15), or travoprost (n = 17) or twice daily with unoprostone (n = 16) or lubricant drops (control group) (n = 16). Blood-aqueous barrier status, which was assessed using a laser flare meter; intraocular pressure; the occurrence of angiographic cystoid macular edema; and conjunctival hyperemia were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean flare values were significantly higher in the bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost groups throughout follow-up (P < .02). Four latanoprost-treated eyes, 1 bimatoprost-treated eye, and 1 travoprost-treated eye developed cystoid macular edema; all cases resolved after discontinuation of the prostaglandin analogue and treatment with topical diclofenac sodium. Mean intraocular pressure reductions after 6 months were higher for the latanoprost (26%), bimatoprost (28%), and travoprost (29%) groups than for the control (3%) and unoprostone (14%) groups (P< .05). Bimatoprost induced significantly higher hyperemia scores than latanoprost, unoprostone, and placebo (P< .01). CONCLUSION: Bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost use may lead to disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in patients with pseudophakia and aphakia.