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Objetivo: Determinar que el uso de Levosimendan disminuye la mortalidad hospitalaria en el síndrome de bajo gasto post cirugía cardíaca en pacientes adultos admitidos en el servicio de UCI del HNERM en el periodo 2009-2011. Material y Métodos: La presente investigación es de tipo Descriptivo, Analítico. La población está conformada por 63 pacientes adultos con síndrome de bajo gasto post cirugía cardíaca y que recibieron Levosimendan a una dosis continua de 0.1 mcg/kg/min en una solución glucosada al 5 por ciento. Resultados: La investigación concluye que hay una mejora estadísticamente significativa en la fracción de eyección, la media de la Fracción de eyección por ecografía preoperatoria por Simpson aumenta de 28.4 por ciento a 38.9 por ciento significativamente P<0.05, el 50 por ciento del total paciente mujeres con síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco y con uso de Levosimendan tienen edad de 71 a 80 años. Asimismo se aprecia que del total de varones con síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco y con uso de Levosimendan el 38.2 por ciento tiene edad de 61 a 70 años los pacientes en el preoperatorios el 63.5 por ciento presentan clase funcional III y el 36.5 por ciento presentan clase funcional IV, que del total de pacientes en el postoperatorios el 50.8 por ciento presentan clase funcional I y el 4.44 por ciento presentan clase funcional II. Se encontró que la media de la estancias hospitalaria es de 2.3 días. Los pacientes síndrome de Bajo Gasto Cardiaco Post Cirugía Cardíaca con el uso de levosimendan el 90.5 por ciento permanecen vivos y el 9.5 por ciento fallecieron en el posoperatorio temprano. Se encontró un índice cardíaco de 3.8. Conclusiones: Se observó que los pacientes posoperados de cirugía cardÍaca que cursaron con síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco y que recibieron levosimendan, infusión continua de 0.1 mcg/kg/min presentaron una disminución en la mortalidad postoperatoria, asimismo hay una mejora estadísticamente significativa en la fracción de eyección.

Objective: To determine that the use of Levosimendan reduces the hospital mortality of patients whos present low cardiac output syndrome post cardiac surgery in adult patients admitted lo intensive care units in Care Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital in the period 2009-2011. Material and Methods: This research is of type Descriptive, Analytical. The population consists of 63 adult patients with low cardiac output post surgery syndrome and received Levosimendan a continuous dose of 0.1 mcg/kg/min in a 5 per cent glucose solution. Results: The study concludes that there are an statistically significant improvement in ejection fraction, the mean ejection fraction preoperative ultrasound by Simpson increases 28.4 per cent 38.9 per cent significantly P<0.05, and that 50 per cent of women patients with low cardiac output syndrome and use of Levosimendan are age 71 to 80 years. It also shows that the total number of en with low cardiac output syndrome and use of Levosimendan 38.2 per cent are age 61 to 70 years, also patients in the preoperative 63.5 per cent have functional class III and 36.5 per cent have functional class IV, which of all patients in the present 50.8 per cent postoperative class functional I and 44.4 per cent have functional class II. We found that the mean hospital stay is 2.3 days. Patients: Low Cardiac Outputs Syndrome Post Cardiac Surgery with the use of levosimendan 90.51 per cent remain alive and 9.5 per cent died in the early postoperative period. A cardiac index of 3.8 was found. Conclusions: It was observed that postoperative patients who have completed cardiac surgery with low cardiac output syndrome who received levosimendan, continuous infusion 0.1 mcg/kg/min showed a decrease in postoperative mortality, there is also a statistically significant improvement in ejection fraction.

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BACKGROUND: Perioperative advances have led to significant improvements in outcomes after many complex neonatal open heart procedures. Whether similar improvements have been realized for the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, the most common palliative neonatal closed-heart procedure, is not known. METHODS: Data were abstracted from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (2002 to 2009). Inclusion criteria were all neonates who received a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt with or without cardiopulmonary bypass, and with or without concomitant ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus. Discharge mortality was the primary end point. A composite morbidity end point one or more of the following: postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, low cardiac output, or unplanned reoperation. Associations with patient and procedural variables were assessed with univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: The inclusion criteria were met by 1273 patients. The discharge mortality rate was 7.2%, and composite morbidity, as defined, was 13.1%. Primary diagnoses were classified as (1) those potentially amenable to biventricular repair (62%), (2) functionally univentricular hearts (22%), and (3) pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS; 14%), and miscellaneous (2%). Discharge mortality stratified by primary diagnoses was PA/IVS (15.6%), functionally univentricular hearts (7.2%), and diagnoses potentially amenable to biventricular repair (5.1%). Need for preoperative ventilatory support, diagnosis of PA/IVS or functionally univentricular hearts, and any weight less than 3 kg, were risk factors for death. Preoperative acidosis or shock (resolved or persistent) and diagnosis of PA/IVS or functionally univentricular hearts were predictors of composite morbidity. Nearly 33% of the deaths occurred within 24 hours postoperatively, and 75% within the first 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate after the neonatal modified Blalock-Taussig shunt remains high, particularly for infants weighing less than 3 kg and those with the diagnosis of PA/IVS.

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Patients with heart failure who have undergone partial left ventriculotomy improve resting left ventricular systolic function, but have limited functional capacity. We studied systolic and diastolic left ventricular function at rest and during submaximal exercise in patients with previous partial left ventriculotomy and in patients with heart failure who had not been operated, matched for maximal and submaximal exercise capacity. Nine patients with heart failure previously submitted to partial left ventriculotomy were compared with 9 patients with heart failure who had not been operated. All patients performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test with measurement of peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold. Radionuclide left ventriculography was performed to analyze ejection fraction and peak filling rate at rest and during exercise at the intensity corresponding to the anaerobic threshold. Groups presented similar exercise capacity evaluated by peak oxygen uptake and at anaerobic threshold. Maximal heart rate was lower in the partial ventriculotomy group compared to the heart failure group (119 ± 20 vs 149 ± 21 bpm; P < 0.05). Ejection fraction at rest was higher in the partial ventriculotomy group as compared to the heart failure group (41 ± 12 vs 32 ± 9 percent; P < 0.0125); however, ejection fraction increased from rest to anaerobic threshold only in the heart failure group (partial ventriculotomy = 44 ± 17 percent; P = non-significant vs rest; heart failure = 39 ± 11 percent; P < 0.0125 vs rest; P < 0.0125 vs change in the partial ventriculotomy group). Peak filling rate was similar at rest and increased similarly in both groups at the anaerobic threshold intensity (partial ventriculotomy = 2.28 ± 0.55 EDV/s; heart failure = 2.52 ± 1.07 EDV/s; P < 0.0125; P > 0.05 vs change in partial ventriculotomy group). The abnormal responses demonstrated here may contribute to the limited exercise capacity of patients with partial left ventriculotomy despite...

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OBJECTIVE: Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis is an uncommon isolated anomaly and since 1978 only 119 cases have been reported. In general the condition presents as pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children and hemoptysis in adults. Interventions such as pulmonary artery reconstruction and lobectomies were performed in 17% of the cases. We analyzed four of these cases, two in natural evolution and two with late term PH regression after surgical correction. METHODS: Three 22,10 and 35 month old male children and one 20 month old female child were included in the study. The 22 month old presented right-sided heart failure (RHF) and cyanosis; the 10 month old presented RHF and the other two presented exertion fatigue. All had PH symptoms, right ventricular strain on the EKG and cardiomegaly. Cardiac catheterization showed systemic pressures in the contralateral pulmonary artery, with right-sided agenesis in three of the children and left-sided agenesis in one child. RESULTS: Surgical correction of pulmonary artery continuity was possible in the 22 month old and 10 month old using a 7 mm diameter Goretex conduit between the pulmonary arteries up to the hypoplastic contralateral pulmonary hilum. There was early and late regression of the PH signs and the children remained stable during follow-up to the ages of 7 and 2.5 years, respectively. The pressure ratio between the left and right ventricles was 30 and 40%, in both cases. Pulmonary perfusion increased from 8 to 44% and from 8 to 23%, in the two cases. The same procedure was scheduled for the other patients. CONCLUSION: This technique has become the operation of choice for similar cases, that are rarely described in literature, even in the presence of severe PH and contralateral pulmonary artery hypoplasia.

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OBJETIVO: Agenesia da artéria pulmonar, direita ou esquerda, rara como anomalia isolada, foi relatada em 119 casos desde 1978. Apresenta-se clinicamente com hipertensão pulmonar (HP) na infância e com hemoptise no adulto. Intervenções como reconstrução arterial pulmonar e lobectomia foram realizadas em 17 por cento dos casos. Analisamos quatro destes casos, sendo dois em evolução natural e dois com regressão da HP, após longo tempo da correção operatória. MÉTODOS: Quatro crianças, três do sexo masculino, com 22,10 e 35 meses de idade e uma do sexo feminino com 20 meses, com insuficiência cardíaca direita (ICD) e cianose na primeira e ICD na segunda e cansaço aos esforços nas outras duas. Todas tinham sinais de HP, sobrecarga ventricular direita no ECG e cardiomegalia. Cateterismo cardíaco mostrou pressões sistêmicas na artéria pulmonar contralateral na agenesia à direita em três e na agenesia à esquerda em um caso. RESULTADOS: Restabelecimento cirúrgico da continuidade arterial pulmonar foi possível em dois casos, na criança de 22 e na de 10 meses de idade, pela interposição de Goretex de diâmetro de 7 mm entre as artérias pulmonares até o hilo pulmonar contralateral hipoplásico. Houve regressão dos sinais de HP em período imediato e tardio, com 7 e 2,5 anos de idade respectivamente. A relação das pressões entre os ventrículos direito e esquerdo era de 30 e 40 por cento, nos dois casos. A perfusão pulmonar aumentou de 8 para 44 por cento e de 8 para 23 por cento, nos dois casos. O mesmo procedimento foi programado para os outros pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Esta técnica se torna a operação de escolha para casos similares, raramente descritos na literatura, mesmo em presença de acentuada HP e hipoplasia arterial pulmonar contralateral.

OBJECTIVE: Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis is an uncommon isolated anomaly and since 1978 only 119 cases have been reported. In general the condition presents as pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children and hemoptysis in adults. Interventions such as pulmonary artery reconstruction and lobectomies were performed in 17 percent of the cases. We analyzed four of these cases, two in natural evolution and two with late term PH regression after surgical correction. METHODS: Three 22,10 and 35 month old male children and one 20 month old female child were included in the study. The 22 month old presented right-sided heart failure (RHF) and cyanosis; the 10 month old presented RHF and the other two presented exertion fatigue. All had PH symptoms, right ventricular strain on the EKG and cardiomegaly. Cardiac catheterization showed systemic pressures in the contralateral pulmonary artery, with right-sided agenesis in three of the children and left-sided agenesis in one child. RESULTS: Surgical correction of pulmonary artery continuity was possible in the 22 month old and 10 month old using a 7mm diameter Goretex conduit between the pulmonary arteries up to the hypoplastic contralateral pulmonary hilum. There was early and late regression of the PH signs and the children remained stable during follow-up to the ages of 7 and 2.5 years, respectively. The pressure ratio between the left and right ventricles was 30 and 40 percent, in both cases. Pulmonary perfusion increased from 8 to 44 percent and from 8 to 23 percent, in the two cases. The same procedure was scheduled for the other patients. CONCLUSION: This technique has become the operation of choice for similar cases, that are rarely described in literature, even in the presence of severe PH and contralateral pulmonary artery hypoplasia.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate early effects of bone marrow cell transplantation to the myocardium of patients with heart failure (CHF) due to Chagas disease. METHODS: We studied 28 patients (mean age 52.2 +/- 9.9), of whom 24 were male. Despite optimized treatment, 25 patients were in NYHA class III and three patients, in NYHA class IV. The procedure consisted of aspiration of 50 mL of bone marrow, separation of the mononuclear fraction, and intracoronary injection. Effects on left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), distance walked in the six-minute walking test, quality-of-life, NYHA class, arrhythmogenic and biochemical parameters, were all evaluated. RESULTS: There were no complications directly related to the procedure. Baseline left ventricular ejection fraction was 20.1 +/- 6.8%, and 60 days after transplantation it increased to 23.0 +/- 9.0%, p = 0.02. Significant improvements were observed in the NYHA class (3.1 +/- 0.3 to 1.8 +/- 0.5; p < 0.0001); quality-of-life (50.9 +/- 11.7 to 21.8 +/- 13.4; p < 0.0001); and distance walked in six minutes (355 +/- 136 m to 443 +/- 110 m; p = 0,003). The number of ventricular premature beats in 24 hours tended to increase (5,322 +/- 4,977 to 7,441 +/- 7,955; p = 0,062), but without increase in ventricular tachycardia episodes (61 +/- 127 to 54 +/- 127; p = 0.27). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate for the first time that intracoronary injection of bone marrow mononuclear cells is feasible and suggest that it may be potentially safe and effective in patients with CHF due to Chagas disease.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar efeitos precoces do transplante de células de medula óssea para o miocárdio de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) de etiologia chagásica. MÉTODOS: A amostra consistiu de 28 pacientes, idade média 52,2±9,9 anos, 24 masculinos, 25 em classe NYHA III e 3 em NYHA IV, apesar de tratamento otimizado. O procedimento consistiu na aspiração de 50ml de medula óssea, separação da fração mononuclear e injeção intracoronariana. Foram avaliados os efeitos sobre a fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda (FEVE), distância no teste de 6 minutos, qualidade de vida, classe NYHA, efeitos arritmogênicos e bioquímicos. RESULTADOS: Não houve complicações relacionadas diretamente ao procedimento. A fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda em repouso antes do transplante era 20,1±6,8 por cento e, após 60 dias, aumentou para 23,0±9,0 por cento, p = 0,02. Houve melhora da classe NYHA (3,1±0,3 para 1,8±0,5; p<0.0001); qualidade de vida (50,9±11,7 para 21,8±13,4; p<0.0001); distância caminhada (355±136 m para 443±110 m; p = 0,003). O número de extrassístoles ventriculares em 24h apresentou tendência à elevação (5.322±4.977 para 7.441±7.955; p = 0,062), porém sem incremento dos episódios de taquicardia ventricular (61±127 para 54±127; p = 0,27). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados demonstram que a injeção intracoro¡nariana de células mononucleares da medula óssea é exeqüível e sugere ser potencialmente segura e eficaz em pacientes com IC de etiologia chagásica.

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BACKGROUND: Continuous infusion of short life vasodilators are employed to test reversibility of pulmonary hypertension in cardiac transplant candidates. Sublingual isosorbide administration has not been described in the literature and it might be a simpler alternative. AIM: To evaluate sublingual isosorbide administration as a test of reversibility of pulmonary hypertension in heart failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective evaluation of patients referred for cardiac transplant evaluation. Patients underwent right catheterization for hemodynamic measurements at baseline and after repeated doses of 5 mg sublingual isosorbide every 5 minutes until observing a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance decrease or symptomatic hypotension. RESULTS: Twenty one patients, 18 men, age 49+/-15 years, were studied. Fourteen (66%) were transplanted. The mean sublingual isosorbide dose was 15+/-5 mg. After isosorbide administration, there was a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (80+/-8.5 to 71+/-6.6 mmHg, p <0.0001), mean pulmonary artery pressure (38+/-11 to 26+/-7.8 mmHg, p <0.0001), systemic vascular resistance (1540+/-376 to 1277+/-332 dyn*s/cm5 p <0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance (3.5+/-2.2 to 2,5+/-1.6 Wood Units, p <0.05) and transpulmonary gradient (13+/-7 a 10+/-4 mmHg, p <0.004). The cardiac output increased from 3.96+/-0.7 to 4.38+/-0.9 L/min, p=0.05. The relation between pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance before and after isosorbide was 0.17 and 0.15, respectively (p=0.04). One transplanted patient with partial reversibility of pulmonary hypertension developed acute right heart failure. CONCLUSIONS: Sublingual isosorbide administration is useful and well tolerated to evaluate the reversibility of pulmonary hypertension prior cardiac transplant.

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Background: Continuous infusion of short life vasodilators are employed to test reversibility of pulmonary hypertension in cardiac transplant candidates. Sublingual isosorbide administration has not been described in the literature and it might be a simpler alternative. Aim: To evaluate sublingual isosorbide administration as a test of reversibility of pulmonary hypertension in heart failure. Patients and Methods: Prospective evaluation of patients referred for cardiac transplant evaluation. Patients underwent right catheterization for hemodynamic measurements at baseline and after repeated doses of 5 mg sublingual isosorbide every 5 minutes until observing a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance decrease or symptomatic hypotension. Results: Twenty one patients, 18 men, age 49±15 years, were studied. Fourteen (66%) were transplanted. The mean sublingual isosorbide dose was 15±5 mg. After isosorbide administration, there was a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (80±8.5 to 71±6.6 mmHg, p <0.0001), mean pulmonary artery pressure (38±11 to 26±7.8 mmHg, p <0.0001), systemic vascular resistance (1540±376 to 1277±332 dyn*s/cm5 p <0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance (3.5±2.2 to 2,5±1.6 Wood Units, p <0.05) and transpulmonary gradient (13±7 a 10±4 mmHg, p <0.004). The cardiac output increased from 3.96±0.7 to 4.38±0.9 L/min, p=0.05. The relation between pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance before and after isosorbide was 0.17 and 0.15, respectively (p=0.04). One transplanted patient with partial reversibility of pulmonary hypertension developed acute right heart failure. Conclusions: Sublingual isosorbide administration is useful and well tolerated to evaluate the reversibility of pulmonary hypertension prior cardiac transplant.

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OBJETIVO: Enfatizar a possibilidade diagnóstica da origem anômala de uma artéria pulmonar da aorta ascendente, em lactentes com quadro de insuficiência cardíaca clinicamente intratável e sem defeito estrutural intracardíaco. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo em quatro lactentes com insuficiência cardíaca intratável, submetidos a estudo ecocardiográfico bidimensional com cortes subcostal, supraesternal e paraesternal, e a estudo hemodinâmico e angiocardiográfico na projeção ântero-posterior. RESULTADOS: Três dos quatro lactentes tinham a artéria pulmonar direita originando-se da aorta ascendente, como diagnóstico principal. No quarto paciente a artéria pulmonar esquerda originava-se da aorta ascendente associada à ampla comunicação interventricular. Os lactentes tinham pressão em ambas artérias pulmonares em nível sistêmico. Todos foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico que consistiu na translocação da artéria pulmonar anômala da aorta. Não houve óbitos cardíacos imediatos ou tardios. CONCLUSÃO: Uma vez estabelecido o diagnóstico de origem anômala de artéria pulmonar da aorta ascendente, na forma isolada, a correção cirúrgica deverá ser prontamente realizada, não só pelo desenvolvimento de doença vascular pulmonar, como pelos excelentes resultados cirúrgicos atualmente obtidos.

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OBJECTIVE: Patients with ischemic heart failure may benefit from coronary artery bypass grafting. The histopathological variables associated with improvement in ejection fraction 6 months after surgery were assessed. METHODS: This study comprised 24 patients indicated for coronary artery bypass grafting, ejection fraction < 35%, functional class II-IV heart failure, and mean age 59 +/- 9 years. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed during and 6 months after surgery. Extension of the fibrosis, number of cells with myocytolysis, and hypertrophy of the muscle fiber were quantified by using a system of image analysis. Clinical and functional review was repeated within 6 months. RESULTS: A significant improvement in heart failure functional class was observed in 16 patients after 6 months of follow-up (from NYHA functional class 2.8 +/- 0.7 to 1.7 +/- 0.6; P < 0.001), but the ejection fraction did not change (25 +/- 6 % vs. 26 +/- 10%). Hypertrophy of the muscle fiber was similar in the specimens biopsied in the pre- and postoperative periods (21 +/- 4 vs. 22 +/- 4 microm), but the extension of fibrosis (8 +/- 8 vs. 21 +/- 15% area) and the number of cells with myocytolysis (9 +/- 11 vs. 21 +/- 15% cell) significantly increased. However, the composition of a histological score combining those 3 variables indicated a greater increase in the ventricular function of those with a lower degree of preoperative histopathological alterations. CONCLUSION: Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting improved their ventricular function when the preoperative adverse histopathological alterations were of a lower degree.

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OBJETIVO: Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca isquêmica podem ser beneficiados com a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. Foram estudadas as variáveis histopatológicas que estariam associadas à melhora da fração de ejeção seis meses após a cirurgia. MÉTODOS: Em 24 pacientes estudados com indicação de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, fração de ejeção < 35 por cento, classe funcional de insuficiência cardíaca II-IV e idades entre 59 ± 9 anos, foram realizadas biópsias endomiocárdicas no transoperatório e seis meses após. Extensão de fibrose, número de células apresentando miocitólise e hipertrofia da fibra muscular foram quantificados por um sistema analisador de imagem. Revisão clínica e funcional foi repetida em seis meses. RESULTADOS: Houve melhora significativa da classe funcional de insuficiência cardíaca em 16 pacientes após os seis meses de acompanhamento (classe NYHA 2,8± 0,7 para 1,7±0,6; p <0,001), enquanto a fração de ejeção não se alterou (25 ± 6 por cento vs. 26 ± 10 por cento). Hipertrofia da fibra muscular foi similar nos espécimes biopsiados no pré e no pós operatório (21±4 vs. 22±4 µm), enquanto que a extensão de fibrose (8±8 vs. 21±15 por cento área) e células apresentando miocitólise (9±11 vs. 21±15 por cento cel) aumentaram significativamente. No entanto, a composição de um escore histológico, combinando as três variáveis, indicou maior incremento na função ventricular naqueles que apresentavam menor grau de alterações histopatológicas no pré-operatório. CONCLUSAO: Portadores de miocardiopatia isquêmica, submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio, apresentaram melhora da função ventricular quando as alterações histopatológicas adversas do pré-operatório foram de menor grau.

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We report the first case of bone marrow cell transplantation to the myocardium of a patient with heart failure due to chagas' disease. The patient is a 52-year-old man with chronic heart failure, NYHA functional class III, despite the optimized clinical therapy. The procedure consisted of aspiration of 50 mL of bone marrow through puncture of the iliac crest, followed by filtration, separation of the mononuclear cells, resuspension, and intracoronary injection. The left ventricular ejection fraction at rest, measured using radionuclide ventriculography with labeled red blood cells prior to transplantation, was 24%, and, after 30 days, it increased to 32% with no change in the medicamentous schedule. The following measurements were assessed before and 30 days after transplantation: left ventricular end diastolic diameter (82 mm and 76 mm, respectively); Minnesota living with heart failure questionaire score (55 and 06, respectively); and distance walked in the 6-minute walking test (513 m and 683 m, respectively). Our findings show that intracoronary injection of bone marrow cells may be performed, suggesting that this is a potentially safe and effective procedure in patients with due to Chagas' disease heart failure.

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Apresentado o primeiro caso de transplante de célula de medula óssea para o miocárdio de um portador de insuficiência cardíaca de etiologia chagásica. Homem, 52 anos, portador de insuficiência cardíaca crônica, em classe funcional III da NYHA, apesar de terapêutica clínica otimizada. Como procedimento, foi aspirado 50 ml de medula óssea através de punção da crista ilíaca, seguidos de filtragem, separação das células mononucleares, ressuspensão e injeção intracoronariana. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo em repouso, medida pela ventriculografia radioisotópica com hemácias marcadas, antes do transplante, era de 24 por cento e, após 30 dias, aumentou para 32 por cento sem alterar o esquema medicamentoso. Foram avaliados, antes e 30 dias após o procedimento, respectivamente, o diâmetro diastólico final do ventrículo esquerdo (82 mm; 76 mm); escore de qualidade de vida de Minnesota (55; 06); distância caminhada no teste de 6min (513 m; 683 m). Achados demonstraram ser possível realizar a injeção intracoronariana de célula de medula óssea, sugerindo que este procedimento é potencialmente seguro e efetivo em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca chagásica.

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OBJECTIVE: To emphasize the diagnostic possibility of the anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta in infants with clinically refractory heart failure and no intracardiac structural defect. METHODS: Retrospective study of 4 infants with refractory heart failure undergoing 2-dimensional echocardiographic study with subcostal, suprasternal, and parasternal views, and hemodynamic and angiocardiographic study in the anteroposterior projection. RESULTS: Three of the 4 infants had their right pulmonary artery originating from the ascending aorta as their major diagnosis. In the fourth patient, the left pulmonary artery originated from the ascending aorta in association with a large interventricular septal defect. The pressure level in both pulmonary arteries in all infants was that of the systemic level. All patients underwent surgery, which consisted of translocation of the anomalous pulmonary artery from the aorta. Neither immediate nor late cardiac deaths occurred. CONCLUSION: Once the diagnosis of anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta in the isolated form is established, the surgical correction should be immediately performed, not only because of the risk of developing pulmonary vascular disease, but also because of the excellent surgical results currently obtained.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of surgical myocardial revascularization in renal transplant patients. METHODS: From 1991 to 2000, 11 renal transplant patients, whose ages ranged from 36 to 59 (47.5+/-8) years, 8 males and 3 females, underwent myocardial revascularization. The time interval between renal transplantation and myocardial revascularization ranged from 25 to 120 (mean of 63.8+/-32.7) months. RESULTS: The in-hospital mortality rate was 9%. One patient died on the 4th postoperative day from septicemia and respiratory failure. The mean graft/patient ratio was 2.7+/-0.8. Only 1 patient required slow hemodialysis during 24 hours in the postoperative period, and no patient had a definitive renal lesion or lost the transplanted kidney. The actuarial survival curves after 1, 2, and 3 years were, respectively, 90.9%, 56.8%, and 56.8%. CONCLUSION: Renal transplant patients may undergo myocardial revascularization with no lesion in or loss of the transplanted kidney.

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OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that short periods of ischemia may increase the myocardial protection obtained with intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. METHODS: In the control group (18 patients), surgery was performed with systemic hypothermia at 32 degrees C and intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. Extracorporeal circulation was used. In the preconditioning group (17 patients), 2 crossclampings of the aorta lasting 3min each were added prior to the intermittent crossclamping of the conventional technique with an interval of 2min of reperfusion between them. Blood samples for analyses of pH, pCO2, pO2, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained from the coronary sinus at the beginning of extracorporeal circulation (time 1), at the end of the first anastomosis (time 2), and at the end of extracorporeal circulation (time 3). RESULTS: No difference was observed in the results of the 2 groups, except for a variation in the ionic values in the different times of blood withdrawal; sodium values, however, remained stable. All patients had a good clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: The results of intermittent crossclamping of the aorta with moderate hypothermia were not altered by the use of ischemic preconditioning.

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A insuficiência cardíaca tem sido um grave problema de saúde pública, e provavelmente será a doença cardiovascular predominante neste século. Como a morte dos cardiomiócitos é freqüentemente responsável pelo desenvolvimento da insuficiência cardíaca, uma opçäo terapêutica de recuperar a funçäo cardíaca é o transplante de células contráteis, principalmente os mioblastos esqueléticos. Os resultados promissores obtidos no âmbito experimental, levou ao primeiro estudo clínico na França, onde mioblastos esqueléticos estäo sendo implantados em áreas miocárdicas previamente infartadas, com promissores resultados parciais. Apesar do curto tempo de evoluçäo e do pequeno número de pacientes operados, o transplante celular representa uma opçäo interessante no arsenal terapêutico da insuficiência cardíaca

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