RESUMO
A total of 300 blood samples of domiciliated dogs in rural and urban areas of southeast Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, were used to compare the 18S ribosomal DNA region (18S rDNA) and the heat shock protein 70â¯kDa (hsp70) gene for molecular detection of Babesia vogeli and to perform a phylogenetic study comparing the two genes for B. vogeli classification. Using conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) of 18S rDNA and hsp70 sequences, we were able to detect B. vogeli with the same sensitivity (96.15%) and specificity (99.63%). However, sequencing revealed one false positive (Rangelia sp.) for 18S rDNA that was not detected by hsp70. This is the first report of an organism closely related to the Rangelia vitalii parasite of dogs in Brazil. In the hsp70-cPCR and hsp70-qPCR comparison, 15.66% of samples were considered positive by quantitative (q)PCR, significantly more than was detected by cPCR (8.66%). In addition to the high conservation of the 18S rDNA, phylogenetic analysis showed that the hsp70 gene can be used to describe phylogenetic relationships between canine piroplasmids with more accuracy than 18S rDNA. According to these findings, the qPCR method has greater sensitivity than cPCR for detection of B. vogeli in naturally infected dogs. The hsp70-qPCR detection limit was 10 copies, with an efficiency of 100.30% and a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.998. The development of this qPCR method provides a highly sensitive approach for B. vogeli molecular detection and a tool that is capable of quantifying parasitemia levels in whole blood samples from dogs. The primers and probes were designed to be specific for B. vogeli, though analytical specificity of the assay has not been tested in vitro with DNA of certain Babesia species that infect dogs. The hsp70 gene is a precise molecular marker for Babesia phylogeny, especially species that infect dogs.
Assuntos
Babesia/isolamento & purificação , Babesiose/sangue , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Animais , Babesia/química , Babesia/genética , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Babesiose/epidemiologia , Babesiose/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodosRESUMO
En la actualidad son varias las especies de patógenos emergentes de importancia médica y veterinaria transmitidos por garrapatas. Los estudios sobre estos agentes y sus enfermedades han sido escasos en Cuba. Conocer la presencia de algunos de estos patógenos en garrapatas cubanas que afectan el ganado equino. Se procesaron 95 garrapatas colectadas de caballos domésticos, conservadas en alcohol e identificadas taxonómicamente según claves convencionales. A cada una se le realizó extracción de ADN y posteriormente diferentes reacciones en cadena de la polimerasa utilizando cebadores específicos para los grupos microbianos Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma-Ehrlichia, y Babesia-Theileria. Cada uno de los productos de las reacciones en cadena de la polimerasa fue sometido a hibridaciones en línea reversa utilizando sondas para cada grupo en cuestión, así como específicas para las principales especies de estos. Las garrapatas estudiadas pertenecían a las especies Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens (60 por ciento), Amblyomma cajennense (38 por ciento) y Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (2 por ciento). Se detectaron 7 garrapatas Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens infectadas con bacterias del grupo Anaplasma/Ehrlichia, y no se pudo identificar la especie en cuestión con las sondas utilizadas. Una de estas garrapatas estaba además coinfectada con Babesia bovis. Se sugiere la circulación de una nueva especie de Anaplasma o Ehrlichia no reportada antes en Cuba, por lo que se necesita estudiar un número mayor de garrapatas, así como la incorporación de nuevas sondas en la hibridación en línea reversa u otras metodologías que permitan conocer con exactitud las especies que pudiesen afectar hoy día los caballos domésticos.
At present, there are several tick-borne emerging pathogen species of medical and veterinary importance. Few studies on these agents and its diseases have been made in Cuba. To determine the presence of some of these pathogens in Cuban ticks existing in the equine cattle. Ninety five ticks collected from domestic use horses were processed, preserved in alcohol and taxonomically identified according to the set classifications. Their DNA was extracted and subjected to several polymerase chain reactions with specific primers for microbial groups Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma-Ehrlichia, y Babesia-Theileria. Each of the products from polymerase chain reactions underwent reverse line blot hybridation using probes for each group as well as specific probes for the main species included in these groups. The studied ticks belonged to Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens (60 percent), Amblyomma cajennense (38 percent) y Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (2 percent). Seven Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens ticks infested with Anaplasma/Ehrlichia bacteria were detected but the species in question could not be detected by the used probes. One of these ticks was also co-infested with Babesia bovis. It is suggested that a new species of Anaplasma o Ehrlichia, not reported in Cuba before now, is circulating, so studying a higher number of ticks is needed and new probes in reverse line blot hybridation or other methodologies must be incorporated to allow exactly determining the species that may affect the Cuban domestic horses at present.
Assuntos
Animais , Anaplasma/química , Babesia/química , Borrelia/química , Ehrlichia/química , Carrapatos/patogenicidade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Theileria/químicaRESUMO
The potential role of Boophilus microplus as a natural tick vector of Babesia equi and Babesia caballi in Brazilian horses was assessed using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based marker assay. B. equi merozoite-specific 218bp gene fragment was detected in almost 96% of horse blood samples, and 45.3-62.5% of females, eggs, larvae, and nymphs of B. microplus collected from 47 horses at Campo Grande in the State of Matto Grosso, Brazil. Except for the partially-fed female ticks, the B. caballi-specific 430bp gene fragment was amplified from horse blood samples, and all developmental stages. Parasite DNA from both species was detected in horse blood samples and B. microplus, with the preponderance of B. equi DNA. No DNA samples were positive solely for B. caballi parasite. Only 32% of the Giemsa-stained thin blood smears were positive for Babesia parasites, as against detection of B. equi parasite DNA in 95.7% of the blood samples by nested PCR. We have obtained molecular evidence that strengthens earlier experimental and ultrastructural studies in Brazil incriminating B. microplus as a natural vector of B. equi, and possibly of B. caballi. The detection of B. equi and B. caballi DNA in eggs and larvae of B. microplus is likewise suggestive of the possibility of both transovarial and transstadial parasite transmission in this tick vector.