RESUMO
Fasciolosis is a zoonotic neglected parasitic disease that affects a variety of hosts, resulting in substantial economic losses. The epidemiological information about fasciolosis in water buffaloes in Egypt is very scarce. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of F. hepatica in water buffaloes using commercial ELISA kits in three governorates at north of Egypt and to estimate the associated risk factors for F. hepatica infection. The total seroprevalence of F. hepatica in buffaloes was 15.4% (63/410), with a higher seroprevalence in Kafr Elsheikh governorates 17.9% (25/140) than in other areas. Fasciolosis was more likely in older buffaloes (OR = 3.4, 95%CI:1.5-7.8), throughout the winter season (OR = 5.3, 95%CI:1.9-14.7). Moreover, the absence of prophylactic treatment (OR = 2.3, 95%CI:1.2-4.2) increased the risk of F. hepatica infection in buffaloes, particularly in animals suffered from diarrhea (OR = 3.8, 95%CI:1.4-10.6). The present study confirmed the prevalence of F. hepatica in water buffaloes in north of Egypt. Consequently, the implementation of preventive and control for the parasite and its intermediate host are very necessary to decrease the economic losses and public health hazard.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Fasciola hepatica , Fasciolíase , Animais , Búfalos/parasitologia , Egito/epidemiologia , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Fasciolíase/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores de Risco , Fasciola hepatica/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Masculino , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Prevalência , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangueRESUMO
Seasonal variations significantly impact buffalo bull semen production and quality, particularly during the summer months. Understanding the genetic basis of these changes is important for managing bull fertility and improving sperm quality. The present study focused on characterizing and identifying polymorphisms in chromatin remodeling genes, protamines (PRMs) and Transition Nuclear Proteins (TNPs) in Murrah buffalo bulls with varying semen quality due to seasonal effects. Our findings revealed none of the coding region variation in PRM1, PRM2, TNP1, and TNP2, these genes are highly conserved in buffalo. Two intronic variants were identified, including G16C in PRM1 intron 1 and intronic SNP in PRM2 intron 1 (G96A). The complete CDS of consensus sequence of bubaline PRM1 was 86.3% identical and 94.1% similar to the bovine PRM1. Whereas the complete CDS of consensus sequence of bubaline TNP2 was 78.2% identical and 91.0% similar to bovine TNP2. Further, no statistically significant differences in the fold change of TNP1, TNP2, PRM1, and PRM2 levels between the hot summer SNA and SA groups and the winter SNA and SA groups This study represents the first comprehensive report on the characterization of bubaline PRM1 (complete CDS), PRM2 (partial CDS), TNP1 (partial CDS), and TNP2 (complete CDS) genes in buffalo sperm cells. Results of the study, clearly indicate that the genes associated with protamine (PRM1 and TNP2) are highly conserved in Bubalus bubalis. Understanding these genetic underpinnings can have implications for improving buffalo bull fertility and semen quality.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Espermatozoides , Animais , Búfalos/genética , Masculino , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Protaminas/genética , Protaminas/metabolismo , Estações do Ano , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Polimorfismo Genético , Proteínas Cromossômicas não HistonaRESUMO
Clinical lumpy skin disease (LSD) predominantly affects cattle and, to lesser extent domestic water buffalos. Whilst earlier work focussed on the disease in Africa, the recent emergence of LSD virus (LSDV) as a major cause of disease in Asia has led to a widening range of susceptible hosts for the virus. This article lists the wild and domestic ungulates in which LSDV infection has been confirmed and considers the significance of the disease for these species in Asia.
Assuntos
Animais Domésticos , Animais Selvagens , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Doença Nodular Cutânea , Vírus da Doença Nodular Cutânea , Animais , Doença Nodular Cutânea/virologia , Doença Nodular Cutânea/epidemiologia , Vírus da Doença Nodular Cutânea/fisiologia , Vírus da Doença Nodular Cutânea/isolamento & purificação , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Animais Domésticos/virologia , Bovinos , Búfalos/virologia , Ásia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Coccidiosis is an intestinal infection caused by Eimeria spp. that results in economic losses owing to morbidity and mortality in young buffalo calves. This study aimed for molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of Eimeria spp. in buffaloes of Meghalaya's sub-tropical mountainous terrain. Fresh buffaloes' fecal samples were collected from buffalo farms of Umling, Umsning and Bhoirymbong blocks, Ri Bhoi, Meghalaya and screened for Eimeria oocysts using flotation and modified McMaster methods. Fecal sample examination revealed 27.44 % (87/317) infection in buffaloes. Age wise, 64.44 % (29/45), 25.35 % (36/142) and 16.92 % (22/130) infections were recorded in <6 months, 6 months to 1 year and 1-2 year old buffaloes, respectively. Morphological characterization of Eimeria spp. revealed E. bovis (21.83 %), E. bareillyi (18.39 %), E. zuernii (11.49 %), E. ellipsoidalis (3.44 %) and mixed infection (44.82 %). Amplification of ITS-1 gene confirmed Eimeria spp. (410 bp), E. bovis (238 bp) and E. zuernii (344 bp). Phylogenetic analysis of E. bovis Umiam isolate revealed that these were closely related to the E. bovis isolate from South Korea (MH245198.1), and Turkey (KU351711.1) and distantly related to the isolates from Jammu and Kashmir (OQ103422.1) and Uttar Pradesh, Mathura (OK486542.1). E. zuernii isolate from Umiam, Meghalaya was observed to be phylogenetically close to the isolates from South Korea (MH245202.1), Japan (LC171339.1) and Turkey (KU351715.1), whereas phylogenetic divergence was observed between, E. zuernii isolate from Umiam, Meghalaya with isolates of Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati (MN601278.1) and Jammu and Kashmir (OQ103424.1). Therefore, treatment and effective control strategies should be implemented immediately to prevent spread of infection in the buffaloes.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Coccidiose , Eimeria , Fezes , Filogenia , Animais , Búfalos/parasitologia , Eimeria/genética , Eimeria/classificação , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Coccidiose/veterinária , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Índia/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Chloride channels (ClCs) have received global interest due to their significant role in the regulation of ion homeostasis, fluid transport, and electrical excitability of tissues and organs in different mammals and contributing to various functions, such as neuronal signaling, muscle contraction, and regulating the electrolytes' balance in kidneys and other organs. In order to define the chloride voltage-gated channel (CLCN) gene family in buffalo, this study used in silico analyses to examine physicochemical properties, evolutionary patterns, and genome-wide identification. We identified eight CLCN genes in buffalo. The ProtParam tool analysis identified a number of important physicochemical properties of these proteins, including hydrophilicity, thermostability, in vitro instability, and basic nature. Based on their evolutionary relationships, a phylogenetic analysis divided the eight discovered genes into three subfamilies. Furthermore, a gene structure analysis, motif patterns, and conserved domains using TBtool demonstrated the significant conservation of this gene family among selected species over the course of evolution. A comparative amino acid analysis using ClustalW revealed similarities and differences between buffalo and cattle CLCN proteins. Three duplicated gene pairs were identified, all of which were segmental duplications except for CLCN4-CLCN5, which was a tandem duplication in buffalo. For each gene pair, the Ka/Ks test ratio findings showed that none of the ratios was more than one, indicating that these proteins were likely subject to positive selection. A synteny analysis confirmed a conserved pattern of genomic blocks between buffalo and cattle. Transcriptional control in cells relies on the binding of transcription factors to specific sites in the genome. The number of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) was higher in cattle compared to buffalo. Five main recombination breakpoints were identified at various places in the recombination analysis. The outcomes of our study provide new knowledge about the CLCN gene family in buffalo and open the door for further research on candidate genes in vertebrates through genome-wide studies.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Canais de Cloreto , Evolução Molecular , Filogenia , Animais , Búfalos/genética , Canais de Cloreto/genética , Canais de Cloreto/química , Canais de Cloreto/metabolismo , Família Multigênica , Simulação por Computador , Bovinos/genética , Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Blastocystis spp. is one of the most common protozoa worldwide, living in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals. On the basis of the genetic heterogeneity of small subunit ribosomal RNA, at least 28 subtypes (ST1-ST17, ST21 and ST23-ST32) are reported to exist in mammals and birds. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis spp. in Anatolian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Van province in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. METHODS: DNA was extracted using commercial GeneMATRIX Stool DNA Purification Kit and then stored at -20°C until PCR amplification. After PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA gene region positive Blastocystis spp., amplicons from buffalo faeces were sequenced and then deposited in GenBank (OR576949.1, OR576950.1, OR576970.1, OR576971.1, OR577019.1, PP837943.1, PP837940.1, PP837939.1, PP837604.1, PP837937.1, PP837934.1, PP837601.1, PP837936.1 and PP837603.1). RESULTS: PCR analysis of 120 faecal samples showed a total prevalence of 11.67% (14/120). The prevalence was higher in females and young animals (p > 0.05). Sequence analysis revealed Blastocystis spp., ST10, ST14, ST25 and ST26 subtypes. To our knowledge, Blastocystis subtypes ST25 and ST26 in buffaloes were reported for the first time in this study. CONCLUSION: It is thought that more large-scale studies should be carried out to determine the zoonotic subtype potential of this protozoan in the region.
Assuntos
Infecções por Blastocystis , Blastocystis , Búfalos , Animais , Blastocystis/isolamento & purificação , Blastocystis/genética , Blastocystis/classificação , Búfalos/parasitologia , Infecções por Blastocystis/veterinária , Infecções por Blastocystis/epidemiologia , Infecções por Blastocystis/parasitologia , Prevalência , Turquia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Fezes/parasitologiaRESUMO
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of amino acid (histidine and L-Tyrosine) on in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), cleavage (CR) rates, and in vitro embryonic cultivation (IVC; Morula and Blastocyst stage) in buffaloes. Within two hours of buffalo slaughter, the ovaries were collected and transported to the laboratory. Follicles with a diameter of 2 to 8 mm were aspirated to recover the cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). Histidine (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/ml) or L-Tyrosine (1, 5, and 10 mg/ml) were added to the synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) and Ferticult media. The IVM, IVF, CR, and IVC (Morula and Blastocyst) rates were evaluated. The results showed that SOF maturation media containing histidine at 0.5 mg/ml significantly (P ≤ 0.01) improved the oocyte maturation when compared to control and other concentrations. The addition of histidine to FertiCult media at 0.5, 1, and 3 mg/ml did not improve the IVM, IVF, CR, or IVC percentages. However, the embryos in the control group were unable to grow into a morula or blastocyst in the SOF or Ferticult, while addition of L-Tyrosine to the SOF or Ferticult at various concentrations improved IVC (morula and blastocyst rates). There was a significant (P ≤ 0.01) increase in IVM when histidine was added to SOF medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml compared with L-Tyrosine. Also, there were significant (P ≤ 0.01) increases in IVC when L-Tyrosine was added to SOF medium at concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/ml compared with histidine. In conclusion, the supplementation of the SOF and FertiCult with the amino acids histidine and L-Tyrosine improve the maturation rate of oocytes and development of in vitro-produced buffalo embryos.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Meios de Cultura , Fertilização in vitro , Histidina , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos , Oócitos , Tirosina , Animais , Tirosina/farmacologia , Tirosina/administração & dosagem , Histidina/farmacologia , Histidina/administração & dosagem , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterinária , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/métodos , Fertilização in vitro/veterinária , Meios de Cultura/farmacologia , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/veterinária , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
More people in the world depend on water buffalo for their livelihoods than on any other domesticated animals, but its genetics is still not extensively explored. The 1000 Buffalo Genomes Project (1000BGP) provides genetic resources for global buffalo population study and tools to breed more sustainable and productive buffaloes. Here we report the most contiguous swamp buffalo genome assembly (PCC_UOA_SB_1v2) with substantial resolution of telomeric and centromeric repeats, â¼4-fold more contiguous than the existing reference river buffalo assembly and exceeding a recently published male swamp buffalo genome. This assembly was used along with the current reference to align 140 water buffalo short-read sequences and produce a public genetic resource with an average of â¼41 million single nucleotide polymorphisms per swamp and river buffalo genome. Comparison of the swamp and river buffalo sequences showed â¼1.5% genetic differences, and estimated divergence time occurred 3.1 million years ago (95% CI, 2.6-4.9). The open science model employed in the 1000BGP provides a key genomic resource and tools for a species with global economic relevance.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Variação Genética , Genoma , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Búfalos/genética , Animais , Rios , Genômica/métodos , FilogeniaRESUMO
Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan (family: Sarcocystidae) protozoan parasite with a global distribution. In the N. caninum life cycle, dogs and other related canids are the definitive hosts, while other animals such as water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) constitute the intermediate host for this parasite. In many countries, the water buffalo is of high economic importance, providing valuable high-quality products for human needs. Although knowledge concerning the prevalence of this parasite in intermediate animal host populations is crucial, data from water buffalo are scarce. Keeping this in mind, the aim of this study was to examine the presence and assess the prevalence rates of N. caninum infection in water buffaloes in Northern Greece, where this animal husbandry sector started to raise, as well as to determine associated risk factors, with the application of a commercially available Neospora ISCOM ELISA test kit, developed for the detection of antibodies against N. caninum in milk samples The study was conducted during January-June 2023 in a total of 172 individual raw milk samples, collected from dairy buffaloes, reared under a semi extensive system, in three different farms. Information on the status of N. caninum infection in buffaloes from Greece was so far unknown with a lack of epidemiological or risk factors associated. For the detection of N. caninum, the commercially available Neospora ISCOM ELISA test kit (SANOVIR ®, Svanova Biotech AB, Uppsala, Sweden) was utilized. Results demonstrated the presence of N. caninum in water buffaloes from Greece for the first time. All positive N. caninum animal were asymptomatic, with absence of any disease signs. The overall prevalence of infection was 22.10%, whereas the main risk factors include the presence of dogs as well as the low biosecurity measures.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Coccidiose , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Leite , Neospora , Animais , Neospora/isolamento & purificação , Neospora/imunologia , Búfalos/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Grécia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Feminino , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Prevalência , Leite/parasitologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Since 2019, Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has suddenly spread in many Asian countries, including India. LSD primarily occurs in cattle. However, recent LSD outbreaks in India have also revealed significant morbidity and production losses in buffaloes. This has raised concerns about the role of buffaloes in the epidemiology and transmission of LSD and necessitates the inclusion of buffaloes in the mass vaccination program for the prevention and control of the disease in the country. However, there is no significant data on the immune response in buffaloes following vaccination with the LSD vaccine. In this study, we evaluated antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses following vaccination with a newly developed live-attenuated LSD vaccine (Lumpi-ProVacInd). The detectable amount of anti-LSDV antibodies was observed at 1-2 months following vaccination, with a peak antibody titer at 3 months. Upon stimulation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the UV-inactivated LSDV antigen, there was a significant increase in CD8 + T cell counts in vaccinated animals as compared to the unvaccinated animals. Besides, vaccinated animals also showed a significant increase in IFN-γ levels upon antigenic stimulation of their PBMCs with LSDV antigen. In conclusion, the buffaloes also mount a potent antibody- and cell-mediated immune response following vaccination with Lumpi-ProVacInd.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Doença Nodular Cutânea , Vírus da Doença Nodular Cutânea , Vacinas Atenuadas , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Búfalos/imunologia , Doença Nodular Cutânea/prevenção & controle , Doença Nodular Cutânea/imunologia , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vírus da Doença Nodular Cutânea/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Índia , Imunidade Celular , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vacinação/veterinária , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , FemininoRESUMO
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) presents a sporadic yet significant threat to livestock and wildlife. A comprehensive investigation in Karnataka, India into the prevalence and transmission patterns of sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) was conducted. A total of 507 sheep peripheral blood leukocyte samples from 13 districts along with 27 cows and 10 buffalo samples from various regions in Karnataka were tested for SA-MCF infection i.e. Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) using heminested PCR. Furthermore, serum samples collected from 73 cows and 15 buffalo suspected of MCF were tested using a commercially available ELISA kit. Additionally, histopathological examinations of affected tissues and phylogenetic analysis of viral tegument protein sequences were conducted. Our findings indicated a 20.11%, 33.33% and 20% positivity for OvHV-2 in sheep, cows and buffalo respectively by PCR. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the age of sheep and the detection of OvHV-2. Seven cows and one buffalo serum samples tested positive for ELISA. Clinical findings in bovids were consistent with typical MCF signs, and histopathological results revealed multi-organ involvement characterised by necrotising vasculitis and lymphoid hyperplasia. The nucleotide pairwise identity matrix revealed 99.5% identity between the sequences obtained in the study with sequences from other states. The phylogenetic analysis of partial tegument protein sequences from bovid and sheep samples suggested a close genetic relationship between the local OvHV-2 strains and those from various global regions. Crucially, this study underscores the widespread presence of SA-MCF in Karnataka, with significant implications for both livestock management and wildlife conservation.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Gammaherpesvirinae , Febre Catarral Maligna , Filogenia , Animais , Febre Catarral Maligna/virologia , Febre Catarral Maligna/transmissão , Febre Catarral Maligna/epidemiologia , Febre Catarral Maligna/patologia , Índia/epidemiologia , Ovinos , Gammaherpesvirinae/genética , Gammaherpesvirinae/isolamento & purificação , Gammaherpesvirinae/classificação , Bovinos , Búfalos/virologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/transmissão , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Feminino , Prevalência , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/transmissão , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
Brucellosis represents a major public health concern worldwide. Human transmission is mainly due to the consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy products of infected animals. The gold standard for the diagnosis of Brucella spp in ruminants is the bacterial isolation, but it is time-consuming. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a quicker and more sensitive technique than bacterial culture. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a novel molecular assay showing high sensitivity in samples with low amount of DNA and lower susceptibility to amplification inhibitors. Present study aimed to develop a ddPCR protocol for the detection of Brucella abortus in buffalo tissue samples. The protocol was validated using proficiency test samples for Brucella spp by real time qPCR. Furthermore, 599 tissue samples were examined. Among reference materials, qPCR and ddPCR demonstrated same performance and were able to detect up to 225 CFU/mL. Among field samples, ddPCR showed higher sensitivity (100%), specificity and accuracy of 93.4% and 94.15%, respectively. ddPCR could be considered a promising technique to detect B. abortus in veterinary specimens, frequently characterized by low amount of bacteria, high diversity in matrices and species and poor storage conditions.
Assuntos
Brucella abortus , Brucelose , Búfalos , DNA Bacteriano , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Animais , Brucella abortus/isolamento & purificação , Brucella abortus/genética , Búfalos/microbiologia , Brucelose/veterinária , Brucelose/diagnóstico , Brucelose/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodosRESUMO
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an ailment that causes serious damage to the productive chain, and its control through vaccination is of utmost importance for its eradication. Brazil initiated the National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Surveillance Program (PNEFA) with the aim of making the country FMD-free by 2026. As part of the program, notifications of vesicular lesions became mandatory for the Official Veterinary Service (OVS), which is responsible for verifying them. Due to its size, border areas with countries that do not have FMD-free status pose a risk to Brazil and require greater attention. This study described the profile of notifications of suspected outbreaks of vesicular syndrome in Brazil and analyzed the performance of the surveillance system. The results showed 7134 registered notifications of suspected vesicular syndrome outbreaks from 2018 to 2022, with 2022 having the highest number (n = 2343 or 32.85â¯%). The species that generated the most notifications were swine (90.99â¯%), cattle and buffaloes (7.54â¯%), goats and sheep (1.44â¯%), and others (0.03â¯%). The sources of notification were "Veterinary medicine professionals" (61.82â¯%), "Owners or employees" (13.66â¯%), "Third parties" (8.90â¯%), "OVS" (7.20â¯%), and "others" (2.66â¯%). 41.69â¯% of notifications originated from non-border municipalities, and 58.32â¯% from border areas. Only the state of Paraná account for 51.73â¯% of the total notifications. This state also accounted for 66.70â¯% of the 32.47â¯% of notifications with a final diagnosis of "absence of clinically compatible signs or susceptible animals", indicating a certain lack of knowledge in the area, leading to unnecessary notifications and system overload. The performance of the OVS was evaluated based on the service response time from notification registration trough Logistic and Negative binomial regressions. A total of 27.83â¯% of notifications did not meet the Brazilian legally specified time, and the zone related to the state of Parana needs improvements in performance. The presence and peaks of Senecavirus A cases may have influenced an increased number of swine notifications and led to a decrease in OVS response time. The results demonstrate better performance of surveillance in border areas. Given the vast territory of Brazil, it is not expected that 100â¯% of responses occur within the legal timeframe, however, the performance of the surveillance system proved to be adequate, with 86â¯% complied to the legislation. The performance indicators could be used as a monitoring tool, along with indicators to demonstrate system overload. Continued education actions are crucial for strengthening PNEFA.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Surtos de Doenças , Febre Aftosa , Brasil/epidemiologia , Animais , Febre Aftosa/epidemiologia , Febre Aftosa/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Suínos , Notificação de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Vigilância da População/métodos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Cabras , Búfalos , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/veterináriaRESUMO
Our objectives were to explore the effect of naringenin addition in the semen extender on the post-thaw 1) sperm quality, 2) fertility-associated gene expression, and 3) fertilization potential of buffalo bull sperm. In experiment 1, semen samples (n = 32) from four Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls were pooled (n = 8) and diluted with the tris-citric acid (TCF-EY) extender containing different concentrations of naringenin, i.e., placebo (DMSO), 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM naringenin. After dilution, semen samples were packed in 0.5 mL French straws, cryopreserved and analyzed for post-thawed sperm quality and gene expression. Computer-assisted Semen Analysis, Hypo-osmotic Swelling test, Normal Apical Ridge assay, Rhodamine 123, Acridine orange, Propidium iodide staining and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances assay were performed to assess sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane functionality, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA integrity, viability and lipid peroxidation, respectively. Expression levels of sperm acrosome-associated SPACA3, DNA condensation-related PRM1, anti-apoptotic BCL2, pro-apoptotic BAX, and oxidative stress-associated ROMO1 genes were evaluated through qPCR. Results revealed that total and progressive motility, plasma membrane functionality, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA integrity and viability were higher (P < 0.05) with 50, 100 and 150 µM naringenin compared to 200 µM naringenin, placebo and control groups. Moreover, all naringenin-treated groups improved catalase activity, and reduced lipid peroxidation compared to placebo and control groups (P < 0.05). Relative expression levels of SPACA3 and PRM1 genes were higher (P < 0.05) with 150 µM naringenin compared to all groups except 100 µM (P > 0.05). No difference (P > 0.05) in the expression level of BCL2 gene was observed among all groups. Furthermore, BAX gene was expressed higher (P < 0.05) in the 200 µM naringenin group, whereas no difference (P > 0.05) in expression was noticed among the remaining groups. In addition, ROMO1 gene was expressed lower (P < 0.05) in all naringenin-treated groups compared to the control. In experiment 2, the in vivo fertility of semen doses (n = 400; 200/group) containing optimum concentration of naringenin (150 µM; depicted better in vitro sperm quality in experiment 1) was compared with control during the breeding season. Buffaloes were inseminated 24 h after the onset of natural estrus and palpated transrectal for pregnancy at least 60 days post-insemination. The fertility rate of 150 µM naringenin group was higher (P = 0.0366) compared to the control [57.00 ± 0.03 % (114/200) vs. 46.50 ± 0.04 % (93/200), respectively]. Taken together, it is concluded that naringenin supplementation in semen extender improves post-thaw quality, fertility-associated gene expression and fertilization potential of buffalo bull sperm, more apparently at 150 µM concentration.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Criopreservação , Flavanonas , Preservação do Sêmen , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides , Animais , Masculino , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Flavanonas/farmacologia , Criopreservação/veterinária , Criopreservação/métodos , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Crioprotetores/farmacologia , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Fertilização/efeitos dos fármacos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Babesia orientalis, a protozoan parasite transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, holds significant economic importance along the Yangtze River. Key factors in the host invasion process include rhoptry neck proteins (RON2, RON4, and RON5) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1). However, the intricacies of the interaction between AMA1 and RONs remain incompletely elucidated in B. orientalis. To better understand these crucial invasion components, the RON4 gene of B. orientalis (BoRON4) was cloned and sequenced. RON4 is 3468 base pairs long, encodes 1155 amino acids, and has a predicted molecular weight of 130 kDa. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a unique region (amino acid residues 109-452) in BoRON4, which demonstrates higher sensitivity to epitope activity. The BoRON4 gene was strategically truncated, amplified, and cloned into the pGEX-6p-1 vector for fusion expression. We successfully used the mouse polyclonal antibody to identify native BoRON4 in B. orientalis lysates. Furthermore, the corresponding BoRON4 protein band was detected in the water buffalo serum infected with B. orientalis, while no such band was observed in the control. Additionally, I-TASSER and Discovery Studio software were used to predict the tertiary structures of BoRON4 and its ligands, CH-PKA and CH-complex. These ligands can serve as lead compounds for the development of anti-babesiosis drugs. In conclusion, BoRON4 emerges as a promising candidate antigen for distinguishing water buffalo infected with B. orientalis from their normal counterparts. This study positions BoRON4 as a potential diagnostic antigen for babesiosis in water buffalo, contributing valuable insights to the field of parasitology.
Assuntos
Babesia , Proteínas de Protozoários , Babesia/genética , Animais , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/imunologia , Proteínas de Protozoários/química , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Babesiose/parasitologia , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Búfalos/parasitologia , Clonagem Molecular , Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Gynura japonica (Thunb.) Juel is often confused with the non-pyrrolizidine alkaloid-producing herbs, Tu-San-Qi (Sedum aizoon L.) and San-Qi (Panax notoginseng L.), due to similarities in name, appearance, and medicinal use. It contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which cause over 50% of cases of hepatic sinus obstruction syndrome. However, the mechanisms underlying G. japonica-induced hepatotoxicity remain poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY: In this study, we aimed to investigate the toxic effects of a G. japonica decoction on liver and Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells and elucidate the associated mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study employed G. japonica decoction and examined its effects on liver function and tissue damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to identify gene expression and enriched pathways related to hepatotoxicity. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometric annexin V/PI labeling assays were utilized to observe apoptosis in BRL cells induced by G. japonica. Transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 staining were used to determine the effects of G. japonica on mitochondrial ultrastructure and membrane potential in BRL cells. The bicinchoninic acid method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and caspase-3 activity, respectively. RESULTS: Comparisons of body weight, liver histopathology, and serum liver function-related indices in rats, t showed that exposure to G. japonica may cause liver damage. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that hepatotoxicity might be related to apoptotic signaling pathways, the positive regulation of programmed cell death, and responses to toxic substances. BRL cells exposed to the G. japonica decoction exhibited mid-to late-stage apoptosis and necrosis, along with alterations in mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential. Furthermore, expression of cytochrome C (Cyt C) and pro-apoptotic proteins was increased, anti-apoptotic proteins decreased, and caspase-3 activity elevated. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that G. japonica-induced hepatotoxicity involves the activation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our research enhances the scientific and theoretical foundation for clinical therapy and improves public awareness of the potential toxicity of herbal remedies.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Fígado , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Ratos , Masculino , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Búfalos , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/patologia , Hepatócitos/ultraestrutura , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Linhagem CelularRESUMO
New technologies for detecting pregnancy shortly after mating/insemination and identifying gestational age are essential for speeding up the reproductive cycle and ensuring high reproductive efficiency in livestock farming. Ultrasonography can successfully identify pregnancy and determine gestational age in many domestic animals. On the other hand, many herds of camel and buffalo and flocks of sheep are aware of the day of service, making it difficult to appropriately manage pregnant animals. This study provides a review of the literature on various techniques for ultrasonographically diagnosing pregnancy in camels, buffaloes, and sheep, focusing on the most appropriate times to use each technique, the earliest opportunity to diagnose pregnancy, and the possibility of using various parts of the fetus to create mathematical equations to determine gestational age. Some limitations of ultrasonography in pregnancy diagnosis were identified and significant pregnancy events in dromedaries were discussed, including left-horn and twin pregnancies. The data presented here will prove essential for researchers, farmers, and countries that rely heavily on these animals for providing meat, milk, cosmetics, and other animal products to enhance reproduction and production efficiency.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Búfalos/embriologia , Búfalos/fisiologia , Ovinos/embriologia , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/veterinária , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Desenvolvimento Fetal/fisiologia , Prenhez , Camelus/embriologia , Camelus/fisiologiaRESUMO
Milking methods have significant impacts on the microbiological composition, which could affect the quality of raw buffalo milk. Hence, the current study was conducted on the impact of milking methods on microorganisms in buffalo tank raw milk from 15 farms in Guangxi, China. The farms were divided into two groups based on the milking method: mechanical milking (MM, n = 6) and hand milking (HM, n = 9). Somatic cell counts, bacterial cell counts and nutrients of the raw buffalo milk samples were analyzed. The comparison of raw buffalo milk samples was analyzed using metagenomic sequencing to detect any differences between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the basic nutritional compositions and somatic cell count of raw buffalo milk between the two milking methods. However, the HM samples had significantly higher bacterial counts and diversity compared to the MM samples. The results showed that Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were the major microbes present in canned raw buffalo milk. However, the differences between the two milking methods were the relative abundance of core microorganisms and their potential mastitis-causing genera, including the content of antibiotic-resistance genes and virulence genes. Our study revealed that Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were significantly more abundant in the MM group, while Klebsiella spp. was more abundant in the HM group. Regardless of the milking method used, Pseudomonas spp. was identified as the primary genus contributing to antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in canned raw buffalo milk. These findings affirm that there are differences in the microbial and genomic levels in canned raw milk. To prove the functional roles of the discovered genes and how these genes affect milk quality, further research and experimental validation are necessary.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Leite , Animais , Leite/microbiologia , Búfalos/microbiologia , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Genoma Bacteriano , Fazendas , China , Metagenômica/métodos , Staphylococcus/genética , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Murrah buffalo, pivotal in Asian agriculture, faces challenges in maximizing milk production despite significant breeding efforts. Recognizing its economic importance, this study investigates mtDNA D-loop variations in Murrah buffalo as potential indicators of milk production variability, addressing challenges in maximizing yield despite significant breeding efforts. METHODS AND RESULTS: Analyzing mtDNA D-loop sequences from 50 buffaloes, we categorized them into Low (Group 1), Medium (Group 2), and High ECM (Group 3) groups based on milk yields, fat and protein percentage of a 30-day period data. Somatic cell mtDNA D-loop analysis revealed distinct genetic variations, with significant differences among ECM groups. Group 2 showed higher SNP prevalence, group 3 had more insertions/deletions, and Group 1 exhibited the highest transition frequency. Notably, a consistent "C" deletion at the 714th position occurred in Groups 1 and 3, prevalent in 68% of Group 2. A G-A variation at the 93rd position was specific to the medium ECM group. Negative Tajima D values indicated unique variations in each group, with Group 1 having the highest number, and a specific SNP linked to Group 2 was identified. These SNPs in the D-loop region could impact mtDNA replication, influencing mitochondrial content among animals. Our results provide valuable insights into the role of mtDNA D-loop polymorphisms in milk production traits in Murrah buffalo. CONCLUSIONS: Our research highlights the potential for valuable markers of cellular energy efficiency in Murrah buffalo. Exploring diverse cytoplasmic backgrounds opens avenues for mtDNA-based selection strategies, enhancing milk production and optimizing genetic traits for the dairy industry.
Assuntos
Búfalos , DNA Mitocondrial , Leite , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Animais , Búfalos/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Leite/metabolismo , Feminino , Mitocôndrias/genética , Variação Genética , Cruzamento/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ocular setariasis is an ectopic infection caused by a parasite under the genus Setaria. Adult worms belong to the Setariidae family and typically reside in the peritoneal cavity of ungulates. However, immature forms of these species may aberrantly migrate to the eyes of cattle, buffalo, goats, horses and several other hosts, leading to corneal opacity and blindness. Here, we have distinguished the Setaria digitata collected from both equine and buffalo hosts based on the morphology, molecular profiling of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (Cox3) and, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NAD1) genes. METHODS AND RESULTS: A single filarial worm was collected from the eye of one equine and one bovine host. These worms were then processed for morphological examination and DNA isolation. Cox1, Cox3 and NAD1 genes were amplified using specific primers and subjected to custom sequencing. The sequences were then used for multiple sequence alignment, assessment of entropy, similarity and haplotype diversity analysis. Key morphological features confirmed the worms collected were male and female Setaria digitata from equine and buffalo hosts, respectively. Cox1, Cox3 and NAD1 gene sequence analysis showed a close association of S.digitata Indian isolates with its counterparts from Sri Lanka and China isolates. CONCLUSION: The phylogram of bovine S. digitata sequences shows a close relationship to other equine S. digitata sequences, indicating the need for further in-depth studies on the prevalence of infection across various host species and intermediate hosts. Although the sequence results suggest that S. digitata is likely the causative agent of ocular setariasis in India, additional samples are needed to confirm this conclusion. Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of S. digitata from both bovine and equine hosts is necessary to explore variations in host-parasite interactions. These findings will aid in future parasite identification, investigations into vector prevalence in India, and the development of control measures against ocular setariasis.