RESUMO
The effects of electric current on membranes associated with metabolism modifications in Aspergillus brasiliensis (niger) ATCC 9642 were studied. A 450-mL electrochemical cell with titanium ruthenium-oxide coated electrodes and packed with 15g of perlite, as inert support, was inoculated with A. brasiliensis spores and incubated in a solid inert-substrate culture (12 d; 30°C). Then, 4.5days after starting the culture, a current of 0.42mAcm-2 was applied for 24h. The application of low-intensity electric current increased the molecular oxygen consumption rate in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in high concentrations of reactive oxygen species, promoting high lipoperoxidation levels, according to measured malondialdehyde, and consequent alterations in membrane permeability explained the high n-hexadecane (HXD) degradation rates observed here (4.7-fold higher than cultures without current). Finally, cell differentiation and spore production were strongly stimulated. The study contributes to the understanding of the effect of current on the cell membrane and its association with HXD metabolism.
Assuntos
Aspergillus niger/citologia , Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Condutividade Elétrica , Alcanos/metabolismo , Biomassa , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Eletroquímica , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Esporos Fúngicos/metabolismoRESUMO
Aspergillus niger GH1 previously isolated and identified by our group as a wild tannase producer was grown under solid-state (SSC) and submerged culture (SmC) conditions to select the enzyme production system. For tannase purification, extracellular tannase was produced under SSC using polyurethane foam as the inert support. Tannase was purified to apparent homogeneity by ultrafiltration, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration that led to a purified enzyme with a specific activity of 238.14 IU/mg protein with a final yield of 0.3% and a purification fold of 46. Three bands were found on the SDS-PAG with molecular masses of 50, 75, and 100 kDa. PI of 3.5 and 7.1% Nglycosylation were noted. Temperature and pH optima were 60 degrees and 6.0 [methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (MTB) as substrate], respectively. Tannase was found with a KM value of 0.41 x 10-4 M and the value of Vmax was 11.03 micromoL/min at 60 degrees for MTB. Effects of several metal salts, solvents, surfactants, and typical enzyme inhibitors on tannase activity were evaluated to establish the novelty of the enzyme. Finally, the tannase from A. niger GH1 was significantly inhibited by PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), and therefore, it is possible to consider the presence of a serine or cysteine residue in the catalytic site.
Assuntos
Aspergillus niger/enzimologia , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/genética , Aspergillus niger/citologia , Aspergillus niger/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/isolamento & purificação , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/metabolismo , Cromatografia em Gel/métodos , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica/métodos , Meios de Cultura , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Tensoativos/farmacologia , Ultrafiltração/métodosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to monitor the biomass growth of Aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation (SSF) for lipase production using digital image processing technique. The strain A. niger 11T53A14 was cultivated in SSF using wheat bran as support, which was enriched with 0.91% (m/v) of ammonium sulfate. The addition of several vegetable oils (castor, soybean, olive, corn, and palm oils) was investigated to enhance lipase production. The maximum lipase activity was obtained using 2% (m/m) castor oil. In these conditions, the growth was evaluated each 24 h for 5 days by the glycosamine content analysis and digital image processing. Lipase activity was also determined. The results indicated that the digital image process technique can be used to monitor biomass growth in a SSF process and to correlate biomass growth and enzyme activity. In addition, the immobilized esterification lipase activity was determined for the butyl oleate synthesis, with and without 50% v/v hexane, resulting in 650 and 120 U/g, respectively. The enzyme was also used for transesterification of soybean oil and ethanol with maximum yield of 2.4%, after 30 min of reaction.
Assuntos
Aspergillus niger/enzimologia , Aspergillus niger/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/métodos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Lipase/metabolismo , Microscopia/métodos , Óleos de Plantas/metabolismo , Aspergillus niger/citologia , Biomassa , Ativação Enzimática , FermentaçãoRESUMO
The influence of modifications of the environmental conditions of growth on beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) activity and on hyphal morphological patterns in pellets of Aspergillus niger was studied. It was found that changes in the degree of branching and, to a lesser extent, in the number of bulbous cells were directly related to the activity of the enzyme. Nevertheless, since beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase is not the only enzyme involved in the lytic potential of the fungus, these findings do not exclude the possibility that other enzymes may be involved.